Kolor doppler je ultrazvučna metoda koja omogućava neinvazivan prikaz protoka krvi kroz krvni sud i analizu stanja krvnog suda, što može uputiti na poremećaj protoka i prisustvo naslaga, odnosno suženje krvnog suda. Kolor Doppler ultrasonografija nam omogućava rano otkrivanje patoloških promena krvnih sudova vrata, što doprinosi preduzimanju adekvatnih preventivnih i terapeutskih procedura u sprečavanju nastanka cerebrovaskularnog insulta. Cilj rada je da pokaže na značaj kolor Doppler ultrasonografije krvnih sudova vrata u dijagnozi patoloških promena krvnih sudova vrata. Za izradu rada korišćen je material Kabineta za kolor Doppler ultrasonografiju Doma zdravlja u Donjoj Gušterici, kroz prospektivnu studiju na slučajnom uzorku od 60 pacijenata koji su pregledani januara meseca 2014. godine. Analizom pola pregledanih bolesnika, žena je bilo 32 (53,33%), a muškaraca 28 (46,67%). Posmatrajući starosno doba pregledanih pacijenata došli smo do saznanja da je najviše njih 43 (71,67%) starijih od 50 godina, dok smo ispod 50 godina imali 17 (28,33%) pacijenata. Aterosklerotični plak smo dijagnostikovali kod 36, a promene oblika karotidnih arterija kod 29 ispitanika. Aterosklerotični plak smo najčešće našli na bifurkaciji ACC i izlazištu ACI kod 23 (63,89%). Duplex sonografija prikazuje ono što angioneurologa i vaskularnog hirurga najviše interesuje: morfologiju arterijskih lezija i hemodinamske efekte.

Parodontopatija predstavlja inflamantornu reakciju na gram-negativne anaerobne bakterijske infektivne agense koja pogađa potporni aparat zuba, uključujući gingivu, parodontalni ligament, cement i alveolarnu kost. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi kvantitativno-kvalitativni sastav mokroorganizama subgingivalnog plaka kod pacijenata obolelih od hronične i agresivne parodontopatije PCR metodom (eng. Polimerase Chain Reaction), a zatim proceni povezanost različitih stepena inflamacije i destrukcije tkiva parodoncijuma sa prisustvom i koncetracijom ovih mikroorganizama. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 70 pacijenata starosti od 16 do 65 godina. Utvrđivanje mikroorganizama u subgingivalnom plaku, određen je PCR metodom. U cilju postavljanja dijagnoze i određivanja stepena destrukcije parodontalnog tkiva, bili su korišćeni standardni epidemiološki kriterijumi: plak indeks (Silness-Löe), gingivalni indeks (Lӧe-Silness), SBI indeks (Mühleman-Son) i PDDZ. Prisustvo parodontopatogena u subgingivalnom plaku pokazalo je statističku vezu sa kliničkim parametrima težine parodontopatije i inflamacije gingive. Nalaz Porphyromonas gingivalis i Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans je bio statistički značajno češći kod pacijenata sa srednje teškom i teškom formom parodontopatije u odnosu na prosečnu dubinu parodontalnih džepova. Detekcija P.g. i A.a. je bila statistički značajno češća kod osoba sa umerenom i intezivnom inflamacijom gingive. Kvantitativno-kvalitativni sastav mikroorganizama subgingivalnog plaka ima direktan uticaj na inflamatorno-destruktivne procese u parodontalnim tkivima.

Artritis urica (giht) je klinički sindrom čije su glavne karakteristike recidivirajuća upala jednog ili više zglobova zbog hipersaturacije mokraćne kiseline i odlaganja kristala urata u zglobove i okozglobne strukture, stvaranje tofa, deformacije zglobova zbog uratne artropatije i nastanak uratne nefropatije. U zavisnosti od faze bolesti ispoljava se bolovima u zahvaćenim zglobovima, recidivnim artritisom najčešće u bazalnom zglobu palca ili ređe u drugim zglobovima stopala praćen deformacijama. U radu je obrađeno 40 ispitanika i prezentovani su rezultati kliničkih manifestacija bolesti, laboratorijski, radiološki nalaz i prisustvo konkomitantnih bolesti.

Number of poisons which surround the modern man is constantly on the rise and hence therefore the frequency of intoxication. The aim of the study was to determine the type of poison which causes the suicidal poisoning, sex, age, occupation, place of poisoning, events and seasonal distribution of poisoned. This paper analyzes the suicidal poisoning, autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade in two periods (1965-1969) and (2000-2004) years . To test for statistical significance was used Pearson's X2 test. Comparative analysis of the obtained results shows that a significantly more frequent suicidal poisoning in the first analyzed period (1965-1969), P<0.01 compared to the second (2000-2004) In the first research period, the suicidal purposes are often used caustic poisons (44.0%) and drugs (36.4%) with a slight dominance of the older age groups among the poisoned. According to the frequency of poisoning drugs no statistically significant differences in the analyzed periods (x2=0.248 , df=1, p=0.6) . In second research period, significantly dominated by males (79.5%) (x2=33.911 , df=1, p<0.0001), younger age groups (20-49 years , 86.99%), which were poisoned significantly more frequent in spring and summer (55%) compared to the first period. In both studied periods had no significant statistical difference in relation to occupation, place of poisoning and the clinical picture. The highest percentage of deaths (servants and housewives) in both periods were without clinical picture, because they were found dead in their own homes. Length of outliving period of several hours is significantly higher in the second examined period, because of application of more sophisticated, more toxic and simple to use poisons.

Main point of prevention of tuberculosis is the existence of basic knowledge about risc factors (smoking habit, alchohol abuse) which contribute to apperance of tuberculosis and influence to therapy. In order to assess the influence of potential risc factors a crossanalysis was made for the years 2002-2004, 2007-2009 and 2012-2014 . During the period of 12 years, 230 cases of TB were included in the study. The mean age of all subjects was 45.81±16.98. There were (61.7–73.2%) males and this observation is supported by reENGLISH 2014; 43 (3) 23-29 29 ORIGINALNI RADOVI ports that males had signitificantly higher risc for more severe lung destruction (69.2-84.6%), as evidenced by bilateral lung cavitation (86.1-100%) than females. In total 45.6–76.7% were smear-positive. Alcohol use disorders increased (11.8–29.4%; p=0.02) as a smoking habit (44.1–47.1%). In cases with severe lung destruction as a lung cavitation incrised cigarette smoking (46.6–60.0%) and alcoholism (19.4–50.0%; p=0.007). Linear regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant correlation between severe form of TB and smoking habit (>20 cigarettes per day, p=0.04) and alcohol use disorders (p=0.004). Successful control in reducing smoking, alcohol use disorders and, could favorably impact the TB morbidity rate.

Pokušaj samoubistva predstavlja aktivnosti koje imaju za cilj oduzimanje sopstvenog života, a koje ne završavaju smrću. Odnos pokušanih i realizovanih samoubistava izražen je tzv. Indeksom opasnosti (Hazard ratio). Faktori rizika koji podstiču samoubilačko ponašanje su: različita emocionalna stanja, crte ličnosti, stresogeni životni događaji, zloupotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci itd. Cilj rada: prikazati učestalost i epidemiološko demografske karakteristike pokušanih samoubistava kod žena i muškaraca. Urađeno je istraživanje na uzorku od 56 pacijenata kod kojih je postavljena dijagnoza pokušaja samoubistva (Tentamen suicidii), na psihijatrijskom odeljenju KBC Priština, Gračanica. Uzorak je analiziran na osnovu pola, starosne dobi, zanimanja/zaposlenosti, psihijatrijske dijagnoze, motiva i načina pokušaja samoubistva. Rezultati: samoubistvo su pokušale 42 žene (75%) i 14 muškaraca (25%). Najveći broj ispitanika (26.8) u našem istraživanju su iz starosne dobi <20 godina. Najzastupljeniji su nezaposleni, 33,3% žena i 50% muškaraca. Najčešća dijagnoza su anksiozni poremećaji, 61,9% žena i 57,1% muškaraca. Najčešći motiv kod žena je patrnerski konflikt 54,8%, kod muškaraca egzistencijalna ugroženost 50%. Od 56 pacijenata njih 51 (91,1%) je pokušalo samoubistvo trovanjem i to anksioliticima. Znatno veći broj pokušaja samoubistva (75%) desio se u popodnevnim i vešernjim časovima, u periodu od 12 do 24h. Zaključak: žene su češće pokušavale samoubistvo u odnosu na muškarce, odnos 3:1. Najčešće nezaposleni kod oba pola ispitanika, najčešća dijagnoza, anksiozni poremećaji. Najzastupljeniji motiv kod žena je partnerski konflikt, kod muškaraca egzistencijalna ugroženost. Kod oba pola ispitanika najčešći način pokušaja samoubistva je trovanje, najčešće u periodu od 12 do 24h.

Febrile seizures are the most frequent neurological disorder in the childhood. According to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), they have been defined as seizures provoked by high temperature in children aged between 6 months and 5 years, without previous history of afebrile seizures, intracranial infections and other possible causes of seizures. Seizures can be typical and atypical, according to the characteristics. Pathogenesis of this disorder has not been clarified yet, and it is believed to be a combination of genetic factors, high body temperature and brain maturation. The risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures are: age in which seizures appeared for the first time, epilepsy in the first degree relative, febrile seizures in the first degree relative, frequent diseases with fever and low body temperature on the beginning of seizures. The frequency of recurrent seizures The risk for occurrence of epilepsy in children with simple seizures is about 1-1.5%, which is slightly higher compared to general population, while it increases to 4-15% in patients with complex seizures. However, there is no evidence that therapy prevents occurrence of epilepsy. When the prevention of recurrent seizures is considered, it is necessary to separate simple from complex seizures. The aim of this paper was to analyze the most important risk factors for febrile seizures, and to evaluate their impact on occurrence of recurrent seizures. Our study included 125 children with febrile seizures, aged from 6 months to 5 years. The presence of febrile seizures and epilepsy in the first degree relative has been noted in 22% of children. Typical febrile seizures were observed in 76% of cases, and atypical in 24%. Most patients had only one seizure (73.6%). Children, who had seizure earlier in life, had more frequent recurrences. Both risk factors were present in 25% of patients, while 68% of patients had only one risk factor. For the children with febrile disease, primary risk factors were the level of body temperature and a family history of febrile seizures. The risk for febrile seizures in these children was 10,4%, which is more than a twice as high compared to general population, which is 4%. Is between 10% in children without risk factors and 50-100% in children with three or more risk factors.

Univerzitetski studenti predstavljaju potencijalne profesionalce sa značajnim ulogama u budućnosti, te su zato njihovi stavovi o zdravom načinu života od povećane važnosti. Cilj rada je procena stepena fizičke aktivnosti, i identifikovanje određenih relevantnih pokazatelja o nezdravim životnim navikama (pušenje, alkohol, sedentaran način života) među studentima Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među studentima I i IV godine Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru, u maju 2013.godine. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je anonimni anketni upitnik, posebno konstruisan za ovo istraživanje. Anketni odgovori su direktno unošeni u posebno pripremljenu bazu podataka. Za statističku obradu podataka korišćen je statistički softverski paket SPSS 18.0. Za statističku analizu korišćeni su metodi deskriptivne statistike i Hi-kvadrat test na nivou značajnosti p<0,05. Statističkom analizom je potvrđeno da postoji značajna razlika u proporciji studenata koji se bave sportsko rekreativnim aktivnostima između I i IV godine studija (Hi-kvadrat 5,882; p<0,05). Proporcija studenata I godine koji koji vežbaju 2-3 puta nedeljno značajno je manja od proporcije studenata IV godine (Hi-kvadrat 6,332; p<0,05). Nema statistički značajne razlike između proporcija studenata I i IV godine koji konzumiraju alkohol (Hi-kvadrat 0.231; p>0.05). Prisutan je značajan broj nepušača među studentima I godine preko 85 %, dok ih je među studentima IV godine oko 73%. Proporcija studenata I godine koji puše ne razlikuje se značajno od proporcije studenata IV godine koji puše (Hi-kvadrat 1,334; p>0,05). Uočljiv je podatak koji može da zabrinjava, a to je da skoro duplo više studenata I godine u odnosu na one koji su IV godina, se ne bavi nikakvim sportsko rekreativnim aktivnostima. Neophodno je insistirati na usvajanju zdravih stilova života kod studenata koji su na putu zrelosti i odgovornosti za sebe i za zajednicu.

Anatomy of the liver does not correspond to its functional anatomy, and does not include parts of portal triad and hepatic venous system and therefore is not adequate in clinical practice, especially in terms of planning eventual surgical resection. Couinaud's classification of liver segments, modified by the Bismuth, is used for a rapid, ultrasound evaluation, in which the liver is divided into eight segments. The possibility of a functional-anatomic segmentation of the liver, based on respect for the system of portal triad and hepatic vein, undoubtedly gives ultrasonography great importance to the planning of possible resection of liver segments, affected by the pathological process, with sparing of the remaining liver parenchyma.

Danas gojaznost predstavlja globalni epidemiološki problem koji tokom vremena postoji sve veći. Međutim, efekti gojaznosti na respiratorni sistem često su neuvaženi. U ovom članku biće sagledani mehanički efekti gojaznosti na fiziologiju pluća kao i funkcija masnog tkiva kao endokrinog organa na produkciju sistemske inflamacije i uloge na centralnu kontrolu disanja. Gojaznost igra ključnu ulogu u razvoju opstruktivne apnee u spavanju i opstruktivnog hipoventilacionog sindroma. Bolje razumevanje efekata gojaznosti na respiratorne bolesti i pružanje adekvatnih mera zdravstvene zaštite je od vitalnog značaja u sprečavanju ovog sve značajnijeg problema.

Postoje brojni faktori koji mogu da utiču na kraniofacijalnu morfologiju, prvenstveno genetski faktori i faktori spoljne sredine. Cilj ove studije je da se na onovu podataka dobijenih pregledom školske dece dobije približniji opis kraniofacijalne morfologije na ovoj teritoriji. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 330 dece starosti od 8 do 11 godina. Za ovu studiju koristili smo standardne antropometrijske metode za merenje širine i visine lica, širine i dužine lobanje i izračunavanje indeksa lobanje i lica. Dobijeni rezultati su statistički obrađeni a Z skorom izračunat indeks kraniofacijalne varijabilnosti (CVI). On na numerički način opisuje varijabilnost kraniofacijalne morfologije i postojanje slučajeva izvan opsega ovog indeksa. Prema prosečnim vrednostima indeksa lica dečaci i devojčice u gotovo svim ispitivanim godištima pripadaju kategoriji mezoprozopa (47.4%). Analize indeksa lobanje kod dečaka i devojčica govori da su najcesce zastupljeni brahiokefali (52.2%), zatim mezokefali (43.5%) i dolihokefali (4.3%).

Tokom retrospektivne studije, koja je urđena u periodu od 01.01. do 31.12.2012.godine, pregledano je 1035 uzoraka vaginalnog sekreta, cervikalnog brisa i brisa uretre na UU i Mh. Osnovni cilj studije je bio utvrđivanje učestalosti infekcije Mikoplazmama, distribucije prema polu, godinama života pacijenata, kliničke dijagnoze zbog koje je urađeno mikrobiološko ispitivanje pacijenata i utvrđivanje osetljivosti izolovanih uzročnika na antibiotike. Od ukupno 1035 ispitanih uzoraka pozitivan nalaz je bio kod 331 pacijenta, od toga je 316 (95,5%) ženskog i 15 (4,5%) muškog pola. Razlika je statistički značajna. Nisu nađene statistički značajne razlike u prosečnoj starosnoj dobi između žena (29 godina) i muškaraca (30 godina). Infekcija samo sa UU je statistički značajno češća (70.1%) u odnosu na Mh (5.4%) i mešovitu infekciju (24.5%). Učestalost infekcije uzrokovane UU kod ženskog pola iznosila je 70%, a kod muškog pola 80%. Osobe muškog i ženskog pola ne razlikuju se statistički značajno prema učestalosti infekcije uzrokovane UU. Najveća učestalost pacijenata ženskog pola, bila je sa dijagnozom Vulvovaginitisa 34%, Colpitis je imalo 22%; Colpitis i Cervicitis-17%, dok je samo Cervicitis bio dijagnostikovan kod 10% bolesnica. Razlika u učestalosti kliničkih dijagnoza je statistički značajna. Svi izolovani uzročnici pokazuju statistički značajno veću osteljivost na tri i više antibiotika. Osetljivost na tri i više antibiotika nije statistički značajno povezana sa uzročnikom infekcije.

29 - year Lichen planus is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune skin disease, that is often manifested, except on the skin, in the oral cavity in a variety of clinical forms. The prevalence of the disease in the general population is about 1-2%. Etiopathogenesis is not still well understood. Histopathology, in addition to the basic methods, anamnesis and physical examination, is vital for proper diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Very diverse and loaded histological findings are common for all forms of oral lichen planus. We reported the case of oral lichen planus in a 49 years old male patient, who presented to the Dentistry clinic of Medical faculty of Priština with burning and itching symptoms and changes in the buccal mucosa. Histopathological analysis of biopsy tissue conformed clinical diagnosis of lichen planus. Due to the possibility for malignant transformation of lesions, the long-term follow-up of patients with this disease is of great importance.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST omi) are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors. Etiological factors that cause GIST ome are not clearly distinguished, characterized by remarkable diversity of the clinical, histopathological and genetic features. Mitotic activity, nuclear pleomorphism, degree of cellularity, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, tumor size, mucosal invasion, tumor ulceration and necrosis, are factors that determine the malignancy of these tumors. The most common location of these tumors of the stomach and small intestine, while very rare localization of the colon, esophagus and rectum. Despite the progress that has been made in the diagnosis and further diagnosis of intra - or postoperative. The aim of this report is to contribute to easier recognizing the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. It was a mixed tumor, epitheloid-spindle type cells, immunohistochemical analysis, we have a positive expression of CD 117 and CD 34.

Prikazan je slujaj poznice stare 52 godine sa abdominalnom aktinomykozom, kod koje su se symptoms zapatili dva mecea pre hospitalizationizacije. Abdominal actinomycosis is rare, chronic, granulomatous infection, koju karakterime pojaja ''sumpornih granula''. It usually occurs in patients with surgical interventions or invasive procedures, manifesting tumors in the abdomen. The diagnosis is often difficult to establish. U manje od 10% is placed preoperatively. Definitive diagnosis is based on makroskopskom and histološkom pregledu sampler zavrentih tsikava. Lečenje is carried out intravenskom primenom coché doza penicillin u durati od 2-6 nedelja, a potom peroralna antibiotska terapija traje još 6-12 meseci.

Rickets presents osteomalacia which is developed due to negative balance of calcium and / or phosphorus during growth and development. Therefore it appears only in children. The most common reason of insufficient mineralization is deficiency of vitamin D, which is necessary for inclusion of calcium in cartilage and bones. As result, proliferation of cartilage and bone tissue appears, creating calluses on typical places. Bones become soft and curve, resulting in deformities. Our present study included 86 infants, in whom, besides other diseases, clinical and laboratory signs of rickets were identified. In our study, rickets is most common (82.5%) in infants older than 6 months. By clinical picture, craniotabes is present in 46.5% of cases, Harisson groove in 26.7%, rachitic bracelets in 17.4%, rachitic rosary in 17.4% and carpopedal spasms in 2.3% of cases. Leading biochemical signs of vitamin D deficient rickets is hypophosphatemia (in 87.3% of cases), normal calcemia (in 75.6% of cases) and increased values of alkaline phosphatase (in 93% of cases). It has been shown that rickets in infant age may later affect higher incidence of juvenile diabetes, infection of lower respiratory tract, osteoporosis, and so on.

A prominent ear, so called a protruding or “lop” ear, is the most common congenital deformity of the external ear. This deformity persists when the mastoid-helix angle (MHA) is higher than 30 degrees. It is relatively common among the population with the incidence of about 5%. The aim of this study is to present surgical procedure and our results using otoplasty with scoring anterior surface of the auricular cartilage. To analyze objective and subjective surgical procedure effects. Between 2011 and 2014 we treated 28 patients. We found statistically high significance p<0.01 in value mastoid-helix angle (MHA) preoperative and postoperative. In patients with bilateral otoplasty the difference between left and right MHAs after surgical procedure is less than 4 degrees. The difference of head-helix distance (HHD) preoperative and postoperative is statistically important with high significance p<0.05. Preoperative satisfaction by personal appearance was better after surgical procedure p<0.05. Complications occurred in 9 cases (32.4%). Otoplasty by scoring anterior surface of auricular cartilage is safe procedure for correction of prominent ear with excellent results on patient satisfaction by personal appearance. Effect of reducing the MHA and HHD is long lasting.