Oksidativni stres predstavlja disbalans u homeostazi egzogenih i endogenih oksidanasa. Prisustvo povećanih koncentracija oksidanasa u ćelijama i ekstracelularnim tečnostima dovodi do spntanih post-translacionih modifikacija proteina i utiče na njihove hemijske, biološke, fizičke i imunogene osobine, i predstavlja deo molekulskih mehanizama mnogih bolesti. Do sada su opisane brojne post-translacione modifikacije proteina u uslovima oksidativnog stresa. Pored direktnog oksidantnog dejstva kiseonikovih i azotnih slobodnih radikala, i brojni drugi oksidansi učestvuju u post-translacionim modifikacijama proteina. Tako se glikaciom i glikoksidacijom stvaraju AGE (advanced glycation end-products), reakcijom sa lipidnim aldehidima i ketonima ALE (advanced lipoxidation end-products), oksidacijom i polimerizacijom AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products), a reakcijom sa ureom i/ ili izocijanskom kiselinom nastaju produkti karabmoilacije proteina. U ovom preglednom članku dat je opis hemijskih modifikacija proteina sa posebnim osvrtom na značaj u patogenetskom mehanizmu razvoja pojedinih bolesti kod čoveka.
Kalousova M, Zima T, Tesar V, Dusilova-Sulkova S, Skrha J. Advanced glycoxidation end products in chronic diseases-clinical chemistry and genetic background. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 2005;579(1–2):37–46.
2.
Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillere-Blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney International. 1996;49(5):1304–13.
3.
Uchida K, Kawakishi S. 2-Oxo-histidine as a novel biological marker for oxidatively modified proteins. FEBS Letters. 1993;332(3):208–10.
4.
Schöneich C, Pogocki D, Hug GL, Bobrowski K. Free radical reactions of methionine in peptides: mechanisms relevant to beta-amyloid oxidation and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003;125(45):13700–13.
5.
Sbarouni E, Georgiadou P, Voudris V. Ischemia modified albumin changes - review and clinical implications. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 2011;49(2):177–84.
6.
Rondeau P, Bourdon E. The glycation of albumin: structural and functional impacts. Biochimie. 2011;93(4):645–58.
7.
Roberts JM, Veres PR, Cochran AK, Warneke C, Burling IR, Yokelson RJ, et al. Isocyanic acid in the atmosphere and its possible link to smoke-related health effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2011;108(22):8966–71.
8.
Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Quantitation of markers of protein damage by glycation, oxidation, and nitration in peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 2009;29 Suppl 2:51–6.
Park K, Mun K, Chang E, Park S, Kim H. Inhibition of erythropoietin activity by cyanate. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 2004;38(1):69–72.
11.
Oimomi M, Hatanaka H, Yoshimura Y, Yokono K, Baba S, Taketomi Y. Carbamylation of insulin and its biological activity. Nephron. 1987;46(1):63–6.
12.
Mirić D, Kisić B, Žorić L, Dolićanin Z, Mitić R, Mirić M. The impact of senile cataract maturity on blood oxidative stress markers and glutathione-dependent antioxidants: Relations with lens variables. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2012;31(3):184–92.
13.
Mirić D, Kisić B, Nestorović V, Popović L, Stanić M. Hemodijaliza i hiperlipidemija utiču na intenzitet oksidacionog stresa. Praxis Med. 2012;40:01–6.
14.
Miric DJ, Kisic BB, Zoric LD, Mitic RV, Miric BM, Dragojevic IM. Xanthine oxidase and lens oxidative stress markers in diabetic and senile cataract patients. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 2013;27(2):171–6.
15.
Kisić B, Mirić D, Žorić L, Dragojević I, Stolić A. Uloga lipidne peroksidacije u patogenezi senilne katarakte. Vojnosanitetski pregled. 2009;66(5):371–5.
16.
Kisić B, Mirić D, Stolić A, Dragojević I, Žorić L, Stanić M. Aktivnost ksantin oksidoreduktaze u plazmi pacijenata sa senilnom kataraktom, udruženom sa hipertenzijom i kardiomiopatijom. Praxis Med. 2010;38:07–11.
17.
The myeloperoxidase system of human phagocytes generates Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine on proteins: a mechanism for producing advanced glycation end products at sites of inflammation. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1999;104(1):103–13.
18.
Jaisson S, Pietrement C, Gillery P. Carbamylation-derived products: bioactive compounds and potential biomarkers in chronic renal failure and atherosclerosis. Clinical Chemistry. 2011;57(11):1499–505.
19.
Horiuchi S, Sakamoto Y, Sakai M. Scavenger receptors for oxidized and glycated proteins. Amino Acids. 2003;25(3–4):283–92.
20.
Harris RA, Amor S. Sweet and Sour - Oxidative and Carbonyl Stress in Neurological Disorders. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets. 2011;10(1):82–107.
21.
Harding JJ. Viewing molecular mechanisms of ageing through a lens. Ageing Research Reviews. 2002;1(3):465–79.
22.
Gross M, Piecha G, Bierhaus A, Hanke W, Henle T, Schirmacher P, et al. Glycated and carbamylated albumin are more “nephrotoxic” than unmodified albumin in the amphibian kidney. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. 2011;301(3):476–85.
23.
Grimm S, Ernst L, Grötzinger N, Höhn A, Breusing N, Reinheckel T, et al. Cathepsin D is one of the major enzymes involved in intracellular degradation of AGE-modified proteins. Free Radical Research. 2010;44(9):1013–26.
24.
Gillery P. Nonenzymatic post-translational modification derived products: New biomarkers of protein aging. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2011;30(3):201–6.
25.
Furuya R, Kumagai H, Takahashi M, Sano K, Hishida A. Ultrapure dialysate reduces plasma levels of beta2-microglobulin and pentosidine in hemodialysis patients. Blood Purification. 2005;23(4):311–6.
26.
Dalle-Donne I, Giustarini D, Colombo R, Rossi R, Milzani A. Protein carbonylation in human diseases. Trends in Molecular Medicine. 2003;9(4):169.
27.
Chondrogianni N, Petropoulos I, Grimm S, Georgila K, Catalgol B, Friguet B, et al. Protein damage, repair and proteolysis. 2012.
28.
Capeillère-Blandin C, Gausson V, Nguyen AT, Descamps-Latscha B, Drüeke T, Witko-Sarsat V. Respective role of uraemic toxins and myeloperoxidase in the uraemic state. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 2006;21(6):1555–63.
29.
Busch M, Franke S, Rüster C, Wolf G. Advanced glycation end-products and the kidney. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2010;40(8):742–55.
30.
Breusing N, Grune T. Biomarkers of protein oxidation from a chemical, biological and medical point of view. Experimental Gerontology. 2010;45(10):733–7.
31.
Basta G, Lazzerini G, Massaro M, Simoncini T, Tanganelli P, Fu C, et al. Advanced glycation end products activate endothelium through signal-transduction receptor RAGE: a mechanism for amplification of inflammatory responses. Circulation. 2002;105(7):816–22.
32.
Bar-Or D, Lau E, Winkler JV. A novel assay for cobalt-albumin binding and its potential as a marker for myocardial ischemia-a preliminary report. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2000;19(4):311–5.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
