The genes mutate either spontaneously or under the influence of mutagenic agents (irradiation, viruses, toxins).
The occurrence of genetic syndromes in the scope of one family is pointing more to the inherited than to de novo mutation.
Aim of this study was to present two syndromes in the same family tree, occurring subsequently one by one, which carry severe mental retardation and have a poor prognosis and frequently tragic outcome. A case report was given of a patient in
whom both pregnancies were completed by birth of the newborns presenting with severe syndromes: the first one with
Down's syndrome and the second one with Prader-Willi-Labhart syndrome. The results of investigation point to the necessity of genetic investigations before pregnancy and during pregnancy as early as possible, in order to avoid giving birth to
the children with syndromes which bear severe mental retardation and having poor prognosis.

In February 2000, in Pancevo, 71 persons suffered from trichinosis. Of that number, 47 were hospitalized. In one of
the cases, which is a subject of this work, patient developed clinical feature of encephalitis. Encephalitis was diagnosed
based on clinical feature, EEG and spine fluid results. In the another case, that this work also deals with, toxic myocarditis
was developed. This diagnosis is based on clinical feature, changes in ECG and ultrasound of heart. Changes in ultrasound
of heart were noted 33 days after first symptoms had occurred.

Although nowadays is importance of surgery as primary method of gestational trophoblast disease treatment smaller than earlier,appliance of the surgical procedure is still valuable addition to the modern therapy of these diseases. We present a patient with mola hydatidosa where hysterectomy had been done as operative way of this disease treatment.

Condylomata gigantea is an expansive, destructive lesion that affects most frequently anal and perianal region, and
rarely vulvar and vaginal region. We will describe a clinical case of a 28 years old female patient with a diagnosis of Condylomata gigantea in anal and perianal region with propagation on vulva, vagina and clitoris. After we detected a wide base of condylomas in anal and perianal region, we performed a deep, multiple biopsy for discover of eventual malignancy.
Histologically, malignancy was not confirmed, but it was discovered a presence of HPV types 6 and 11. The patient was initially treated with a wide surgical excision, and then the rest of condylomas were removed using CO laser which had an 2
haemostatic function in the same time. Three months later, there was no recurrence.

Trabeculodisgenesis of the primary congenital glaucoma because of the iris affiliate in front of the scleral ridge in
angulus iridocornealis. It is treated both surgically and with medication. We have showed you a patient which has, by the
time of illness diagnosing, developed morphological and functional optic papilla damages. We have applied both
comparative examinations and x-rays before and after sol. Xalatan therapy. With the research which is stillin progress, it is
estabilished that the values of intraocular pressure are brought to statistically normal frame (1,3 kPa-2,9kPa) and the
progression of both eyes´ optic nerves ganglion cells decadance is reduced, too

Acute louse born typhus is a nightmare to which our scientific medicine have provided significant importance.
Doctors in former Yugoslavia deem that the louse born typhus was rooted in Bosnia and Herzegovina from long time ago,
while in Serbia were individual cases without areas with pediculosis before the First World War, and there were no cases of
body pediculosis in villages. The author conducts medical, but also historical and linguistical research in order of collecting
data on louse borne typhus cases through information on causes of death written in death certificates. The research was done in more phases. The citizens were tested through questionnaires at the area of lower prevalence of louse borne typhus (only sero-positive cases); then at the area of higher prevalence (population through random sample). Contact with R. Prowazeki was established through sensitive serological method. In the final step, the popular name for typhus syndrome was checked - that is, if that name has been written into the death certificate. The objective of the research is to check if there were cases of louse borne typhus in the area of Metohia, and that was done through checking the death certificates. The author proves the endemics of the disease through explicit and implicit use of the name for the louse borne typhus during 1914 to 1935. This empirical check is the basis for the future researches of earlier endemic of louse borne typhus, this time through checking older documents from the used death certificates, which is kept in the archive of Serbia, town of Kotor, and other places. 

Anorectal abscesses and fistulas are problems that are commonly encountered together. Occasionally, their management can prove to be formidable, constantly challenging the clinical and surgical skills of the practicing surgeon. This article reviews the etiology, presentation, and treatment of anorectal abscesses and fistulas.

The complement system (complement) involves over 30 circulating and membrane-fixed proteins with an effector
role in the innate and humoral immunity. These proteins help the function of antibodies to protect the organism from foreign
molecules (antigens) which the term complement comes from. Soluble proteins of the complement system made mainly in
the liver and circulate in blood in an inactive form. The activation of complement may be initiated in three ways (classical,
alternative and lecitin pathway), and it is realized by sequential proteolysis of complement proteins (proenzymes) which
become emzymes with the proteolitic activity after cleavage. Products of the activatin of complement bind to the surface of
microbes or to the antibodies bound to antigens. An activated complement shows a number of biological effects, such as
lysis of an attached cell, opsonization, neutralization of viruses, inflammation, clearance of immune complexes etc. In contrast of microorganisms, human cells have a number of regulatory proteins which prevent the complement activation and in that way, they regulate its activity

Perinatal infection occurs as a consequence of the intrauterine (congenital) infection, intrapartal infection, or the
newborn infection in the course of its nursing. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a most frequent intrauterine infection. The prevalence of congenital CMV infection given by different authors varies significantly, but the majority of them
mention that it is in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 % of the number of the live-born. Significance of this disorder is underlined by
the fact that about 20% of intrauterine infected newborns have later serious problems in their development. The signs of fetal
impairments with congenital CMV infection can be noticed with about 10 % of the infected newborns at the very birth. The
mortality rate among these newborns is high even about 30 % of them exhibit heavy signs of the disease and die very soon
after the birth. Even with 70 % of the newborns with the symptoms of congenital CMV infection it is possible to notice at the
birth the presence of the symptomatology related to CNS, and this is of predicative significance for the later unfavorable
development of the infant. It should be pointed out that, in contrast to intrauterine infection, which provenly yields to fetal
impairments, there are no reliable data that would point to undesired outcomes of intra- or postpartal infections. The work
gives a survey of contemporary knowledge about cytomegalovirus infection in perinatology, as well as about the possibilities of its diagnosis and treatment.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) today is the most powerful review method of a human body. Method is based on effect strong magnetic field and on demonstration of natural physical characteristics of nucleus. Hydrogen atom is a part of almost every compound in our body (water, lipids, proteins and nucleid acids).
When we exposed body to strong magnetic field hydrogen nucleus orients in direction of field, which cause resonance and
6 8 emission of radio signals. Resonance frequency for MRI is in range from 10 Hz to 5x10 Hz, which is equal to energies from -28 -25 6x10 J to 3x10 J.