In the last ten years significant progress has been made in understanding of role of neutrophil granulocytes and their enzyme myeloperoxidase in the evolution and complications of atherosclerosis. Myeloperoxidase plays the role in the development of vulnerable plaque associated with the development of acute coronary syndrome. There is much evidence that suggests the role of myeloperoxidase in the development of vulnerable plaque. We investigate the value of myeloperoxidase as marker of the presence of vulnerable plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly high in serum of the patients with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome as reflection of the presence of vulnerable plaques. Increase in myeloperoxidase activity in serum of patients with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome precedes to myocardial damage.

Researches with micronutrients are getting more and more important in science and also in practice. In this view zinc, chromium, copper and selenium are having a special role in preventing micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications, as integral components of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and also as cofactor of enzymes and hormones involved in the metabolism of glucose and lipid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects different doses of zinc on glycemia and parameters of antioxidative defense: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS), and correlation glycoregulation with antioxidant system of the alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The study was conducted on fourteen New Zealand rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2 to 3.5 kg. Experimental diabetes was induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of alloxan (80 mg /kg BW). Three weeks after induced experimental diabetes, rabbits were treated orally appropriate doses of chelated zinc: I dose - 15 mg, after a washout period (10 t ), II dose - 25 mg, af- 1/2 ter a washout period, III dose - 50 mg. Blood samples were taken at specific time intervals: before alloxan induced diabetes, after alloxan induced diabetes, after application the first dose of 15 mg of zinc, after application of a second dose of 25 mg of zinc, after application of third dose of 50 mg of zinc. The zinc preparation did not cause a statistically significant reduction in serum glucose level when administered in single doses 15, 25 and 50 mg in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased after single dose preparations of zinc at a dose 15 mg (p<0,05), 25 mg (p<0,001) and 50 mg (p<0,001) in relation to the activity recorded before the application of zinc. Also, after the application first, second, and than third dose of zinc in diabetic rabbits was recorded statistically significant increase of TAS in relation to the value recorded before the application of zinc (p<0,001). Glucose concentrations negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase activity. This indicates that oral application of zinc preparation can reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress in diabetes.

Doxorubicin is antitumor antibiotic extensively metabolized in the liver, and liver antioxidant capacity, including that provided by glutathione production. The aim of this study was to investigate whether doxorubicin containing chemotherapy changes metabolic liver function during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Total protein concentration in serum, concentration of total, conjugated and non conjugated bilirubin, activity of aspartat aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (ãGT), lactate dehydrogenase and creatin kinase activity were measured before and after treatment with doxorubicin containing chemotherapy and in the control group. Caffeine was applied as metabolic marker via controlled consummation of Coca-Cola and 8-hour urine was collected immediately afterwards. In the collected samples, urinary thioethers and caffeine metabolites concentrations were measured. Chemotherapeutic regiment established for initial treatment of childhood ALL containing prednisone, vincristine, doxorubicin and L-asparaginase did not alter metabolic liver function. This regiment did not change liver enzyme activity. Applied chemotherapy also did not alter caffeine biotransformation, but it did increase urinary thioethers excretion. 

This article aims to promulgate the use of Microsoft Excel, one of the predominant spreadsheet applications, in the calculation of approximate functions by the method of spline polynomial interpolation. Cubic spline functions have demonstrated a remarkable suitability for the analysis of pharmacokinetic data of drugs with non-linear kinetic behavior or an unknown kinetic model, as well as general kinetic analysis, regardless of pharmacokinetic and compartmental models. It should be noted that cubic spline polynomials can be employed in determining a highly significant pharmacokinetic parameter - the area under curve (AUC), especially when the area measurement is not the principal intention, and the data is to be used for further research. Spreadsheet software is exceptionally pertinent to this kind of computation, as it delivers high precision and virtually instantaneous availability of the results. Moreover, this type of software possesses conspicuous flexibility, characterized by a real-time graphical representation and the capability to sustain user-created functions through a macro-language (VBA - Visual Basic for Applications) implemented in the program itself. 

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisistemic disease of an unknown cause characterised by persistens inflammatory synovitis which results in destruction cartilage and bone erosions. RA is a systemic disease with various out of joint manifestations of different clinical importance, among which rheumatoid knots, rheumatoid vasculitis, pleuropulmonal and ophthalmological manifestations are the most prominent ones. The most frequent changes of the eye in patients with RA are keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), episcleritis and scleritis and ulcerous keratitis. Out of 70 examined patients, 52 (74.3%) are female, and 18 (25.7%) of male sex (ratio 4:1), average age 56.47. In 18 (25.71%) RA diseased patients eye changes found are as folows: secondary Sjögren syndrom, that is keratoconjunctvitis sicca in 18.57%, only in female patients, episcleritis nodosa and scleritis in 4.29%; 2.86% in male and 1.43% female patients and ulcerous keratitis in 2.86% RA diseased patients. 

Arthrosis (A) are the degenerative-dystrophic disease of the peripheral ankles. Etiology is unknown. The genetic factor and external factors, mostly of a mechanical nature are the crucial ones, however, in the literature more emphasis is put on the infection factor and participation of immunity in the etiology of the patogenesis A. We have treated 42 patients sicked of the gonarthrosis. A majority of them is not , as expected, is in their old age, but between 40-50 old. Out of total number, 12 % has had symptoms of early sinovitis while 17% has had symptoms of reactive synovitis. Early sinovitis is characterized in lymphocytes and plasmocytes, rare neutrophils with no fibrile layers. Reactive (later) sinovitis is characterized by rare neutrophils, crystals of appatite and abundant detritus. It is most probably that an early synovitis has an immunological and later one reactive character.

Tumor budding refers to an isolated cell or a cluster of up to five undifferentiated tumor cells, located in the stroma close to the invasion frontline of a carcinoma. It has been observed that tumor budding invariably precedes both an invasion into the lymphatic vessels surrounding a tumor and the development of metastases in lymphatic nodes. The aim of this paper is to determine the link between tumour budding, lymphatic vessel invasion and presence o lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinomas. The study involved 92 cases of colon and upper rectum cancers removed at the Trebinje General Hospital and the Medical Centre in Kosovska Mitrovica. High-grade tumour budding was diagnosed in 66 (71.7%) cases, and lowgrade tumour budding in 26 (20.3%) cases. Lymphatic invasion was detected in 63 (68.5%) cases (55 (87.3%) of these cancers showed high-grade tumour budding, while on the other hand 8 (12.7%) had low-grade tumour budding). Lymphonodal metastases were found in 45 (48.9%) cases (of which 36 (80.0%) were high-grade and 9 (20.0%) low-grade incidents). Based on the ÷2-test, it may be concluded that the distribution of tumour budding in relation to lymphatic invasion (p<0.001) is statistically very significant, which was not confirmed in the case of metastases developing in lymphatic nodes (p>0.05). In conclusion, tumour budding is highly linked to lymphatic invasion, which it most probably precedes. 

Introduction: Upon teeth are lost, morphological and functional disorders are caused on stomatognathic system. Since a longer period of time, total dentures made on conventional way were the best choice for treating toothless patients. Because of specific configuration of the toothless lower jaw, patients with total dentures mostly suffer problems with lower jaw total denture. From the time when osseointegration was applied as a successful clinical concept, implants have been used as well as for retention and stabilization of the total dentures. Case report: 66 years old male patient underwent surgery where implant-prosthetics rehabilitation of lower jaw is attained with application of four Bredent mini implants, used for retention and rehabilitation of total acrylic denture. The overall process was completed in one session within approximately one and a half hours, with the regular post surgical care and immediate load of implants. Conclusion: Taking into consideration simplicity, safety and non invasive procedure of placing mini implants, as well as their effect on improving quality of life of toothless patients, and economic aspect, we can conclude that along with classical and small implants they present future and method of choice for the rehabilitation of toothless patients.

We treated 15 subfertile men with varicocele with combination of subinguinal ligature of spermatic vein or plexus pampiniformis and medicaments. In a five-year period , we registered 5 pregnancies (30%) in female partners of our patients. We consider subinguinal ligature of spermatic vein as minimally invasive and cost-effective initial treatment of "infertile couples".

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Anatomic locations, in decreasing, are: stomach (60%), small intestine (30%), colon and rectum (5%), oesophagus (5%). Histogenesis is still unclear, criteria of malignancies are not adapted, biological behavior in not known, and the diagnosis and prognosis are questionaly. Although usually asymptomatic, large gastrointestinal stromal tumor may present with repeated bleeding. Most often diagnosis in mode during the explorative laparotomy and postoperative immunohistochemical analysis of specimen. In this paper we have analized patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the oesophagus. The patient preoperatively diagnosed submucosal tumor of the esophagus presented with repeated gastrointestinal bleeding. After the resuscitation, we performed total gastrectomy. The immunohistochemical analysis proved benign GIST. Surgical resection is a treatment of choice gastrointestinal stromal tumors presented with gastrointestinal bleeding.