Oksidativni stres predstavlja disbalans u homeostazi egzogenih i endogenih oksidanasa. Prisustvo povećanih koncentracija oksidanasa u ćelijama i ekstracelularnim tečnostima dovodi do spntanih post-translacionih modifikacija proteina i utiče na njihove hemijske, biološke, fizičke i imunogene osobine, i predstavlja deo molekulskih mehanizama mnogih bolesti. Do sada su opisane brojne post-translacione modifikacije proteina u uslovima oksidativnog stresa. Pored direktnog oksidantnog dejstva kiseonikovih i azotnih slobodnih radikala, i brojni drugi oksidansi učestvuju u post-translacionim modifikacijama proteina. Tako se glikaciom i glikoksidacijom stvaraju AGE (advanced glycation end-products), reakcijom sa lipidnim aldehidima i ketonima ALE (advanced lipoxidation end-products), oksidacijom i polimerizacijom AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products), a reakcijom sa ureom i/ ili izocijanskom kiselinom nastaju produkti karabmoilacije proteina. U ovom preglednom članku dat je opis hemijskih modifikacija proteina sa posebnim osvrtom na značaj u patogenetskom mehanizmu razvoja pojedinih bolesti kod čoveka.

Cilj rada je da se analizira broj mutans streptokoka u pljuvački u odnosu na oralnu higijenu dece sa KRD i dece bez karijesa. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 160 dece sa karijesom ranog detinjstva (grupa KRD; dmft=4,74±1,82; dmfs=7,11±2,44) prosečne starosti 3,52±0,48 (srednja vrednost ±SD) godine i 160 dece sa zdravim zubima (grupa bez karijesa; dmft=0), prosečne starosti 3,46±0,50 (srednja vrednost±SD) godine, jednake polne zastupljenosti u obe ispitivane grupe. Stomatološkim pregledom je utvrđen status zuba (izražen dmft i dmfs indeksom), a prisustvo vidljivog plaka na zubima metodom bez prebojavanja. Navike u održavanju oralne higijene su ispitane metodom ankete. Određivanje broja kolonija mutans streptokoka u pljuvački obavljeno je primenom CRT® bakterija testa (Ivoclar Vivadent Ag, Liechtenstein). U odnosu na decu sa zdravim zubima, značajno veći procenat dece sa karijesom ranog detinjstva nema formirane pravilne navike u održavanju oralne higijene, ima prisutan vidljiv plak na zubima i viši nivo mutans streptokoka (≥105 cfu/ml) u pljuvački. U grupi dece sa KRD, uzrast u kome je započeto pranje zuba, učestalost pranja zuba, pranje zuba nakon slatkog obroka, kao i prisustvo vidljivog plaka na zubima, bili su značajno povezani sa većim brojem mutans streptokoka u pljuvački (Odds Ratio - OR) od 3,59; 13,94; 72,00 i 195,3 retrospektivno). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u broju mutans streptokoka u pljuvački u odnosu na učestalost korišćenja paste za zube sa fluorom i vremena trajanja pranja zuba u obe ispitivane grupe dece. Veći broj kolonija MS u pljuvački je značajno povezan sa prisutnim vidljivim plakom na zubima i frekvencijom pranja zuba najviše jednom dnevno u obe ispitivane grupe dece.

Doxorubicin is antitumor antibiotic extensively metabolized in the liver, and liver antioxidant capacity, including that provided by glutathione production. The aim of this study was to investigate whether doxorubicin containing chemotherapy changes metabolic liver function during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Total protein concentration in serum, concentration of total, conjugated and non conjugated bilirubin, activity of aspartat aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (ãGT), lactate dehydrogenase and creatin kinase activity were measured before and after treatment with doxorubicin containing chemotherapy and in the control group. Caffeine was applied as metabolic marker via controlled consummation of Coca-Cola and 8-hour urine was collected immediately afterwards. In the collected samples, urinary thioethers and caffeine metabolites concentrations were measured. Chemotherapeutic regiment established for initial treatment of childhood ALL containing prednisone, vincristine, doxorubicin and L-asparaginase did not alter metabolic liver function. This regiment did not change liver enzyme activity. Applied chemotherapy also did not alter caffeine biotransformation, but it did increase urinary thioethers excretion. 

Health of soft oral tissue and periodontium in biggest measure depends as well of oral hygiene. It exists the positive correlation between oral hygiena and periodontal condition. Many systemic disease, as blood disease, change reactivity of organism and also peridontium, and directly take influence at course and difficulty of periodontitis.

Diabetes mellitus with its own chronical complication is the cause of the large procent morbidity and mortality between population. World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced that so far involved 150 millions peoples, so the prevention chronical complication this illnesses priority. By this work, I want to rescript signification connection microangiopathy chronical complication with macroangiopathy chronical complication of diabetes mellitus. Handled 60 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Patients divide in IV groups forms on concentration HbA1c. Retinopathy most often microangiopathy chronical complication of diabetes, in the meaning of being united with other complication, most expressed are the connection some with microangiopathy complication: angiopathy (R=0.71; p<0.001), then nephropathy (R=0.60; p<0.001) and the end neuropathy (R=0.44; p<0.001). 

In this review paper, metabolism of halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons (chloroform, polychlorinated biphenyls, freons) is shown. They are metabolized similar by mixed function oxidases (reductive or oxidative pathways). Their metabolites are toxic.

Acute organophosphate (ÎÐ) poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children especially in the developing countries. Published studies work have been reported on acute childhood poisoning has focused mainly on the epidemiological trends, with little information about alteration in electrolitic and acid-base equilibrium and other disturbance and on the management of the poisoned children. Hypovolaemia, electrolyte derangements and acidosis are major predisposing factors for development of complications. Metabolic acidosis is one of the major causes of death in patients poisoned with OPC acutely. We suggest that children's with acute OPC poisoning should be screened for electrolyte and metabolic acidosis with blood gas analysis.

Arthrosis (A) are the degenerative-dystrophic disease of the peripheral ankles. Etiology is unknown. The genetic factor and external factors, mostly of a mechanical nature are the crucial ones, however, in the literature more emphasis is put on the infection factor and participation of immunity in the etiology of the patogenesis A. We have treated 42 patients sicked of the gonarthrosis. A majority of them is not , as expected, is in their old age, but between 40-50 old. Out of total number, 12 % has had symptoms of early sinovitis while 17% has had symptoms of reactive synovitis. Early sinovitis is characterized in lymphocytes and plasmocytes, rare neutrophils with no fibrile layers. Reactive (later) sinovitis is characterized by rare neutrophils, crystals of appatite and abundant detritus. It is most probably that an early synovitis has an immunological and later one reactive character.

Acute instable atherosclerotic plate in the basis of the pathophysiology of the acute coronary syndrome and it is divided on two big groups: a) acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation (NONSTEMI) and b) myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI). Clopidogrel belongs to the group of antiaggregation drugs which inhibit ADP receptors and on that way prevent platelets aggregation. The clinical confirmation of the clopidogrel efficiency is confirmed trough 4 big clinical studies: CAPRIE, CURE, COMMIT/CCS 2 and CLARITY-TIMI 28 studies. In CAPRIE study, clopidogrel showed moderate but significant advantage comparing to aspirin in prevention of the secondary ischemic cerebrovascular stroke and myocardial infarction. The results of CURE study showed that doubled combined therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin brought the reduction of the relative risk of cardiovacular events with patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation. The results of this study showed that the group of patients which received clopidogrel beside aspirin and thrombolytic therapy it came to the reduction of the occluded arteries. In COMMIT were also involved the patients with the acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation. Total number of lethal cases of the repeated myocardial infarctions or acute brain stroke was smaller in a group which was receiving clopidogrel beside thrombolytic therapy and aspirine in comparison with the placebo group. The results of CLARITY and COMMIT studies gave us recommendation that patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation which have thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention should receive clopidogrel as well.

Allergic disease are actual pathologic condition in medicine. From this diseases can get ill people of any age, both sex, and the number of patients with allergic diseases rapidly increase in countries of progressive world. This disease are wide - spread, with tendency of increase, and they can have fatal result in extreme cases. Because of high prevalence of morbidity and complications they have, allergic diseases are health problem. According to World allergic organization, more than 40 % of population in world will be atopic. In our environment this diseases are increasing, because of bad ecological condition from one side, and from the other side of genetic influence, and on the top of ladder are allergic diseases of respiratory system. The mayor key process in atopia is continuous and plentiful production of IgE antibody.