Starenje kože je spor, ali progresivan degenerativni proces. U literaturi se definišu dve varijante bioloških okolnosti starenja kože: jedna objašnjava prirodno, fiziološko starenje, u funkciji vremena, na genetskoj osnovi - hronološko ili intrinzičko starenje (engl.chronological/intrinsic skin aging ) koje se klinički zapaža kao glatka, tanka, fino naborana koža, a druga povezuje i analizira promene na koži nastale pod uticajem spoljnih činilaca, uglavnom UV zračenja, - tzv. solarno ili ekstrinzičko starenje (engl. photoaging / extrinsic skin aging). Normalno ili intrinzičko starenje je praćeno atrofijom epiderma i derma, destrukcijom kolagenih i elastičnih vlakana, uz poremećaj proliferacijske homeostaze brojnih ćelija i posledične pojave benignih i malignih lezija kože.
Murphy G, Ward R, Gavrilovic J, Atkinson S. Physiological mechanisms for metalloproteinase activation. Matrix Supplement. 1992;1:224–30.
2.
Jenkins G. Molecular mechanisms of skin ageing. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2002;123(7):801–10.
3.
Lavker RM, Zheng PS, Dong G. Morphology of aged skin. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 1989;5(1):53–67.
4.
Ledo E. Photodermatosis: I. Photobiology, photoimmunology, and idiopathic photodermatoses. International Journal of Dermatology. 1993;32(6):387–96.
5.
Levakov A, Vučković N, Đolai M, Mocko-Kaćanski M, Božanić S. Starosne promene na koži. Medicinski Pregled. 2012;65(5–6):191–5.
6.
Lever WF, Schaumburg-Lever G. In: Histopathology of the skin. 1983. p. 29–30.
7.
Li L, Mac-Mary S, Marsaut D, Sainthillier JM, Nouveau S, Gharbi T, et al. Age-related changes in skin topography and microcirculation. Archives of Dermatological Research. 2006;297(9):412–6.
8.
Manuskiatti W, Maibach HI. Hyaluronic acid and skin: Wound healing and aging. International Journal of Dermatology. 1996;35(8):539–44.
9.
Marks R. Sun-damaged skin. 1992.
10.
Millis AJ, Hoyle M, McCue HM, Martini H. Differential expression of metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase genes in aged human fibroblasts. Experimental Cell Research. 1992;201(2):373–9.
11.
Humbert P, Sainthillier J, Mac-Mary S, Petitjean A, Creidi P, Aubin F. Capillaroscopy and videocapillaroscopy assessment of skin microcirculation: Dermatologic and cosmetic approaches. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2005;4(3):153–62.
12.
Paravina M, Spalević L, Stanojević M, Tiodorović J, Binić I, Jovanović D. Dermatovenerologija. 2006.
13.
Petrović A. Planimetrijsko-kariometrijska analiza seboroičnih i solarnih keratoza i bazo- i spinocelularnih karcinoma kože. 2002.
14.
Reed MJ, Ferara NS, Vernon RB. Impaired migration, integrin function, and actin cytoskeletal organization in dermal fibroblasts from a subset of aged human donors. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2001;122(11):1203–20.
Sorrell MJ, Caplan AI. Fibroblasts—a diverse population at the center of it all. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. 2009;276:161–214.
17.
Stuttgen G. Historical observations. Dermatology Clinics in Dermatology. 1996;14(2):135–42.
18.
Tobin DJ, Paus R. Graying: Gerontobiology of the hair follicle pigmentary unit. Experimental Gerontology. 2001;36(1):29–54.
19.
Uitto J, Christopher E. Elastic fibers. In: *Dermatology in. 1993.
20.
Ghersetich I, Lotti T, Campanile G, Grappone C, Dini G. Hyaluronic acid in cutaneous intrinsic aging. International Journal of Dermatology. 1994;33(2):119–22.
21.
Bernstein EF, Uitto J. The effect of photodamage on dermal extracellular matrix. Clinics in Dermatology. 1996;14(2):143–51.
22.
Braverman IM. The cutaneous microcirculation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. 2000;5(1):3–9.
23.
Brincat MP. Hormone replacement therapy and the skin. Maturitas. 2000;35(2):107–17.
24.
Eisen AZ, Goldberg GI. The role of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases in connective tissue remodeling. In: Dermatology in general medicine. 1993. p. 315–28.
25.
Engelke M, Jensen JM, Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S, Proksch E. Effects of xerosis and ageing on epidermal proliferation and differentiation. British Journal of Dermatology. 1997;137(2):219–25.
26.
Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ. Molecular mechanisms of retinoid actions in skin. FASEB Journal. 1996;10(9):1002–13.
27.
Fisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, Bata-Csorgo Z, Wan Y, Datta S, et al. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Archives of Dermatology. 2002;138(11):1462–70.
28.
Fisher GJ, Varani J, Voorhees JJ. Looking older: Fibroblast collapse and therapeutic implications. Archives of Dermatology. 2008;144(5):666–72.
29.
Al-Habib FM, Kadhim SS. Age-related changes in human skin: Histological, morphometric and immunocytochemical study using S-100. Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;10(2):111–8.
30.
Gibson SJ, Farrell M. A review of age differences in the neurophysiology of nociception and the perceptual experience of pain. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2004;20(4):227–39.
31.
Gilchrest BA, Blog FB, Szabo G. Effects of aging and chronic sun exposure on melanocytes in human skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1979;73(2):141–3.
32.
Gilchrest BA, Murphy GF, Soter NA. Effect of chronologic aging and ultraviolet irradiation on Langerhans cells in human epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1982;79(2):85–8.
33.
Gilchrest BA. Aging of skin. In: Dermatology in general medicine. 1993. p. 150–7.
34.
Gilchrest BA. A review of skin ageing and its medical therapy. British Journal of Dermatology. 1996;135(6):867–75.
35.
Gilhar A, Ullmann Y, Karry R, Shalaginov R, Assy B, Serafimovich S, et al. Ageing of human epidermis: The role of apoptosis, Fas and telomerase. British Journal of Dermatology. 2004;150(1):56–63.
36.
Goihman-Yahr M. Skin aging and photoaging: An outlook. Clinics in Dermatology. 1996;14(2):153–60.
37.
Grewe M. Chronological ageing and photoageing of dendritic cells. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2001;26(7):608–12.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
