Cilj rada je da se analizira broj mutans streptokoka u pljuvački u odnosu na oralnu higijenu dece sa KRD i dece bez karijesa. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 160 dece sa karijesom ranog detinjstva (grupa KRD; dmft=4,74±1,82; dmfs=7,11±2,44) prosečne starosti 3,52±0,48 (srednja vrednost ±SD) godine i 160 dece sa zdravim zubima (grupa bez karijesa; dmft=0), prosečne starosti 3,46±0,50 (srednja vrednost±SD) godine, jednake polne zastupljenosti u obe ispitivane grupe. Stomatološkim pregledom je utvrđen status zuba (izražen dmft i dmfs indeksom), a prisustvo vidljivog plaka na zubima metodom bez prebojavanja. Navike u održavanju oralne higijene su ispitane metodom ankete. Određivanje broja kolonija mutans streptokoka u pljuvački obavljeno je primenom CRT® bakterija testa (Ivoclar Vivadent Ag, Liechtenstein). U odnosu na decu sa zdravim zubima, značajno veći procenat dece sa karijesom ranog detinjstva nema formirane pravilne navike u održavanju oralne higijene, ima prisutan vidljiv plak na zubima i viši nivo mutans streptokoka (≥105 cfu/ml) u pljuvački. U grupi dece sa KRD, uzrast u kome je započeto pranje zuba, učestalost pranja zuba, pranje zuba nakon slatkog obroka, kao i prisustvo vidljivog plaka na zubima, bili su značajno povezani sa većim brojem mutans streptokoka u pljuvački (Odds Ratio - OR) od 3,59; 13,94; 72,00 i 195,3 retrospektivno). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u broju mutans streptokoka u pljuvački u odnosu na učestalost korišćenja paste za zube sa fluorom i vremena trajanja pranja zuba u obe ispitivane grupe dece. Veći broj kolonija MS u pljuvački je značajno povezan sa prisutnim vidljivim plakom na zubima i frekvencijom pranja zuba najviše jednom dnevno u obe ispitivane grupe dece.
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