The cultural and medical determination of the obesity

R. Stolic
R. Stolic

Published: 01.06.2015.

Volume 44, Issue 2 (2015)

pp. 75-81;

https://doi.org/10.5937/pramed1502075s

Abstract

Modern aspects of social development brings new concerns that contribute to obesity, as a direct result of the overall abundance. Almost that there is declarative consistent view that obesity, according to its frequency, a global epidemic of the new millennium and that is because of the effect on the overall health of the necessary complementary multidisciplinary approach, because its prevention can prevent and significantly reduce the mortality rate. Technological development, automation in the food production, reduced participation of manual labor and a sedentary lifestyle, obesity causes an increase not only in highly industrialized, but in the less developed countries. Obesity is a direct temptations of modern civilization and a major challenge for a community where food is plentiful. This fact increases the responsibility of each individual and placed before him the obligation to recognize the causes of obesity, so that, by changing their behavior, could reduce the burden involved with obesity.

Keywords

References

1.
Grundy S. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2003;2595–2595.
2.
Hu F. Obesity Epidemiology NEJM. 2008;1299–1299.
3.
Flegal K, Tabak C, Ogden C. Overweight in children: definitions and interpretation. Health Educ Res. 2006;755–60.
4.
Atkinson R. Viruses as an Etiology of Obesity. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2007;1192–8.
5.
Racette S, Deusinger S, Deusinger R. Obesity: Overview of Prevalence, Etiology, and Treatment. PHYS THER. 2003;276–88.
6.
Chan J, Heist K, Paoli D, Veldhuis A, Mantzoros J, C. The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men. J Clin Invest. 2003;(9):1409–21.
7.
Gabriel I Uwaifo.
8.
Rosenbaum M, Sy M, Pavlovich K, Leibel R, Hirsch J. Leptin reverses weight loss-induced changes in regional neural activity responses to visual food stimuli. J Clin Invest. 2008;(7):2583–91.
9.
Ahima R. Revisiting leptin’s role in obesity and weight loss. J Clin Invest. 2008;(7):2380–3.
10.
Rosenbaum M, Goldsmith R, Bloomfield D, Magnano A, Weimer L, Heymsfield S. Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight. J Clin Invest. 2005;(12):3579–86.
11.
Department of health and human services; Centers for diseases control and prevention: Overweight and obesity.
12.
Hedley A, Ogden C, Johnson C, Carrolli M, Curtin L, Flegal K. Prevalence of over weight and obesity among US children, adolescents and adults. JAMA. 1999;2847–50.
13.
Ogden C, Carrolli M, Flegal K. High body mass index for age among US children and adolescents. JAMA. 2008;2401–5.
14.
Janovski S, Janovski J. Obesity NEJM. 2002;591–2.
15.
Christiakis N, Fowler J. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. NEJM. 2007;357–79.
16.
Department of health and human services; Centers for diseases control and prevention: Overweight and obesity.
17.
18.
Inadera H. The usefulness of circulating adipokine levels for the assessment of obesity-related health problems. Int J Med Sci. 2008;248–62.
19.
Thalmann S, Meier C. Local adipose tissue depots as cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovascular Research. 2007;(4):690–1.
20.
Stolić R. 2010;
21.
Packard R, Libby P. Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: From vascular biology to biomarker discovery and risk prediction. Clinical Chemistry. 2008;24–8.
22.
Frankel D, Vasan R, Agostino D, Benjamin R, Levy E, Wang D, et al. Resistin, adiponectin, and risk of heart failure; The Framingham offspring study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;754–62.
23.
Hopkins T, Ouchi N, Shibata R, Walsh K. Adiponectin actions in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular Research. 2007;(1):11–8.
24.
Marčetić Z, Gojaznost. :84–97.
25.
2010;
26.
Korner J, Leibel R. To eat or not to eat-how the gut talus to the brain. NEJM. 2003;926–8.
27.
Shuldner A, Yang R, Gong D. Resistin, obesity, and insulin resistance-the emerging role of the adipocite as an endocrine organ. NEJM. 2001;1345–6.
28.
Norata G, Ongari M, Garlaschelli K, Raselli S, Grigore L, Catapano A. Plasma resistin levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2007;(2):279–84.
29.
Rasić D, Stolić R, Jovanović A, Trajković G, Rasić J, Sovtić S. The significance of resistin concentration in metabolical diseases. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2010;(12):965–8.
30.
Reaven G. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev. 1995;473–86.
31.
Goldstein B, Ahmad F, Ding W, Li P, Zhang W. Regulation of the insulin signalling pathway by cellular protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;91–9.
32.
Kim Y, Nikoulina S, Ciaraldi T, Henry R, Kahn B. Normal insulin-dependent activation of Akt/protein kinase B, with diminished activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, in muscle in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 1999;733–41.
33.
Jovanović A, Marković-Jovanović S. Dijabetes melitus tip 2 kao komplikacija gojaznosti. :142–53.
34.
2010;
35.
Stojadinovic M. Gojaznost i urogenitalno zdravlje, str. 2010;207–19.
36.
Stolic R. Obesity in renal failure -health or disease? Med Hypotheses. 2010;497–497.
37.
Stolic R, Trajkovic G, Stolic D, Peric V, Subaric-Gorgieva G. Nutrition parameters as hemodialysis adequacy markers. Hippokratia. 2010;(3):193–7.
38.
Stolic R. 2010;
39.
Van Kruijsdijk R, Van Der Wall E, Visseren F. Obesity and Cancer: The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;2569.
40.
Cejas P, Casado E, Belda-Iniesta C, Castro D, Espinosa J, Redondo E, et al. Implications of oxidative stress and cell membrane lipid peroxidation in human cancer (Spain). Cancer Causes Control. 2004;707–19.
41.
Sachdev D, Yee D. Disrupting insulin-like growth factor signaling as a potential cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;1–12.
42.
Hjemdahl P. Stress and the metabolic syndrome an interesting but enigmatic association. Circulation. 2002;2634–6.
43.
Segerstrom S, Miller G. Psychological Stress and the Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;(4):601–30.
44.
John D, Ct M, Arthur. Research network on socioeconomic status and health: Catecholamines and environmental stress. www.macses. 2003;
45.
Vaccarino V, Mcclure C, Johnson D, Sheps S, Bittner V, Rutledge T. Depression, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. Psychosom Med. 2008;40–8.
46.
Simon GE, Arterburn D, Rohde P, Ludman EJ, Linde JA, Operskalski BH, et al. Obesity, Depression, and Health Services Costs Among Middle-Aged Women. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2011;26(11):1284–90.
47.
Segura J, Campo C, Roldan C, Christiansen H, Vigil L, Garcia-Robles R. Hypertensive renal damage in metabolic syndrome is associated with glucose metabolism disturbances. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;7–9.
48.
Myles S, Matz P, Jorge. Obesity-depression associations in the population. J Psychosom Res. 2002;935–42.
49.
Stolic R, Trajkovic G, Mihailovic B, Sipic M, Celic D, Lazic S. Characteristics of depression in obese people living in an insecure environment. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010;(7):307–14.
50.
Onyike C, Crum R, Lee H, Lyketsos C, Eaton W. Is obesity associated with major depression? Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;1139–47.
51.
Joung E, Breslou N. Cortisol and catecholamines in posttraumatic stress disordes. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;394–5.

Citation

Copyright

Article metrics

Google scholar: See link

The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Most read articles

Indexed by