Introduction/Aim. +Gz acceleration is unique dynamic stress to organism. Development of this occurrence depends not only to magnitude of acceleration but to onset rate and duration too (1). The most of former researches pointed to +Gz stress as significant stress to basic physiological mechanisms like cardiovascular and respiratory system. The aim of our study was to examine responses of neuroendocrine and immune system to +Gz stress. Method. Examination was performed in two inbred strains of rats Albino Oxford (AO) and Dark Agouti (DA). AO, n=45 and DA, n=60, male, 9-11 weeks old. Experimental animals were subjected to the Test of linear increase of +Gz acceleration (peak 7G, onset rate 0.1 g/s) at the Institute of aviation medicine of Military Medical Academy. Before examination, animals fasted 24 hours. Control group were rats which did not subjected to +Gz acceleration. After the animals were sacrificed we punctured blood from abdominal aorta to examine plasma and serum and extirpated thymus and spleen to be examined, too. In wish to examine effects of +Gz stress to polarization of Th immune response we determined concentrations of cytokines (IFN-ã and IL-4) in the culture of spleen cells. Results. The level of cytokines in the culture of spleen cells stimulated with Con A, isolated from animals (experimental and control group) 3 and 24 hour after +Gz exposure and level of cytokines determined in supernatants, showed statistical significance as it presented on the graphics. Conclusion. According to our research obtained on animals we can conclude that +Gz acceleration in the early period (after 3 hours) decreased IFN-ã in the culture of spleen cells. AO rats showed difference compared to DA rats in reaction to +Gz stress. AO rats had increase in IL-4 in the culture of spleen cells and higher decrease of IFN-ã and emphasized polarization of Th1/Th2 in course to Th2. After 24 hours of exposure to +Gz stress we observed increase of IFN-ã (DA) and increase of IL-4 (AO).

The combination of aspirin and ticlopidine has been proven to reduce the frequency of haemorrhagic and vascular complications after coronary artery stenting, but also can cause serious hematological side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and interactions aspirin and ticlopidine on hematological variables. Thirty two Wistar rats were divided in four groups and they received intraperitoneal one of the following treatments for 4 days: group I - control, group II aspirin (50 mg/kg BM), group III - ticlopidine (125 mg/kg/day) and group IV - aspirin+ticlopidine combination (50 mg/kg/day+125 mg/kg/day). Hematological variables were determined at once after taking the sample of blood. Relationship between measured variables was determined by calculating linear correlation coefficient (r). The hematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell were significantly decreased in group treated with aspirin+ticlopidine combination compared to control (p< 0,05). Neutrophil and platelet count weren't significantly different in treated groups, but were slightly decreased in groups treated with ticlopidine and aspirin+ticlopidine combination. Between hematocrit and platelet count in control group of rats was noticed negative and medium correlation (r=-0,41), in groups treated with ticlopidine and aspirin+ticlopidine combination positive and medium correlation (r=0,52; r=0,69). Based on obtained results it can be observed significant decreased hematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell in group treated with aspirin+ticlopidine combination. The negative correlation between hematocrit and platelet count in control group becomes positive after the treatment with ticlopidine alone and aspirin+ticlopidine combination.

Without a knowledge of how drugs are being prescribed and used, it is difficult to suggest measures that would support rational use of drugs and improve prescribing habits in hospitals. In our work we analyzed utilization of antibiotics for systemic use at the Surgical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Centre - Pristina in Gracanica in 2007. and 2008. on the basis of dispensing records of drugs issued from the Central Pharmacy to the Surgical Clinic for those two years. Antibiotics were distributed according to ATC classification, and antibiotics' utilisation was expressed in number of defined daily doses used per 100 patient-days (DDDs/100 PD). We analized qualitative and quantitative participation of different groups of antibacterials for systemic use. Òhe results of our study were in accordance with available results of similar studies in our country and in the neighbouring environment

Diagnosis of different pathohystological diseases of prostate in the most cases based on common benignant and malignant characteristics. The presence of periacinar cleftings (PC) is an additional criterion favouring prostatic adenocarcinoma. The aim of our work was to examine the presence of PC around glands in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) and to determinate specificity and sensitiveness for their presence in PA. We analysed biopsy material of Institute of pathology, Medical faculty Priština and Department of pathology and forensic medicine Clinical center of Kragujevac from begining of 2007. till the end of 2008. According to the presence and extent of PC, analysed on high power field (400x), glands were classified as: group 1 - glands without PC or with PC affecting ≤50% of gland circumference; group 2 - glands with PC affecting >50% gland circumference in <50% examined glands and group 3 - glands with PC affecting >50% gland circumference in ≥50% examined glands. By the analyse of our material we found PC around glands in PA, PIN and BHP: the most glands in PA were group 2 (34 or 48,6%) and group 3 (31 or 44,3%), in PIN group 1 (12 or 60%) and group 2 (8 or 40%), in BHP glands at all 100% cases were group 1. We found sensitiveness 92,9% and specificity 73,3% for glands with PC at prostatic adenocarcinoma, which indicate that periacinar cleftings represent a reliable criterion in diagnosis prostatic adenocarcinoma. 

Event-related potential which represents a large positive wave which varies in amplitude and depends on subject's capability as well as on stimulus modality on which subject needs to react and appears around 300 ms after stimulation is called event related potential P300. In 1965. Sutton and the assistants were the first to suggest division of evocated potentials, according to the stimulus that provoke them, on "exogenous" (under the influence of exogenous stimulus) and "endogenous" or "cognitive" provoked by endogenous stimulus, which depends on the state of consciousness (vigilance), attention, concentration and especially, the type of the task a subject needs to perform during the recording. One of the most studied responses of the event-related potentials is so called "P300", the late positive wave complex which appears around 300 500ms after the stimulus. It is gained when the subjects' attention is focused on the signal which rarely appears, especially if the signal has some emotional or motivational meaning. The aim of this work was to determine whether there was a difference in latency and amplitude of the event related potential P300 when the button is pushed with dominant hand compared with nondominant hand in both males and females. The experiment included 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females). P300 potential was provoked with the auditive "oddball" paradigm. Event-related potencial P300 is recorded with 10-20 system. Cz electrode is set in the middle of nazion-inion line, while Fz electrode is set on the third of nazion-inion line above frontal lobe. In classical "oddball" paradigm, when a subject reacted on the signal by pushing the button with dominant hand, the value of Fz end Cz latency was significantly shorter in comparison to the values of Fz end Cz latency gained by pushing the button with non-dominant hand (left hand) in males, while such differences were not found in females. 

Combustion are hypothermic injuries that can occur due to the contact with electricity, chemicals, dry heat, hot liquid and gas, and radiation. In this work there is a 52 year old patient that was treated from combustion on her both feet and her lower legs. Previously, she was treated as an outpatient in a period of 30 days. For the first time in our department we used hydrofiber bandage with Aquacel Ag silver in treating combustion on patient's diabetic foot. These bandages are impregnated with silver that has antimicrobial effect on a huge variety of bacteria. It soaks in a big amount of liquid and bacteria and it helps in removing necrotic tissue from the wound making autolysis debridement. The patient was treated for 35 days on general surgery department. She was released from the hospital in good general condition and with neat local finding. 

Cominution of bone fragments and weakness of soft tissues dominate in cominuted fractures of ancle joint. This conditions representing big problem for proper osteofixation. Authors demonstrated external fixation tip Mitkoviæ for operative treatment of cominuted fractures of ancle in two patients. In both cases they achieved excellent functional outcome (by AOFAS score). This method distinguish easily aplication, stability of bone fragments, good biodynamic conditions. Those caracteristics provide optimal conditions for bone healing and authors recomended this method for treatment cominuted fratures of ancle.

Introduction: Upon teeth are lost, morphological and functional disorders are caused on stomatognathic system. Since a longer period of time, total dentures made on conventional way were the best choice for treating toothless patients. Because of specific configuration of the toothless lower jaw, patients with total dentures mostly suffer problems with lower jaw total denture. From the time when osseointegration was applied as a successful clinical concept, implants have been used as well as for retention and stabilization of the total dentures. Case report: 66 years old male patient underwent surgery where implant-prosthetics rehabilitation of lower jaw is attained with application of four Bredent mini implants, used for retention and rehabilitation of total acrylic denture. The overall process was completed in one session within approximately one and a half hours, with the regular post surgical care and immediate load of implants. Conclusion: Taking into consideration simplicity, safety and non invasive procedure of placing mini implants, as well as their effect on improving quality of life of toothless patients, and economic aspect, we can conclude that along with classical and small implants they present future and method of choice for the rehabilitation of toothless patients.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus which represent significant healthcare problem in Montenegro as in many other regions of the earth. The incidence in Montenegro is 4.57/100.000. Communications with bile ducts is one of the most frequent complications of the hydatid disease. Wide communications can be followed with cholangitis and obstructive jaundice. We presented 51 years old patient with obstructive jaundice and hydatid cyst of the liver. Total pericystectomy is golden standard of the surgical treatment, which is, unfortunately possible only in 6-10% of the cases. The usage of the intraoperative ultrasound is standard procedure.

Hydropneumothorax is a patological condition of pleura characterised by presence of both liquid and air, rarely of gas between two pleura laminae.According to the origin,it can be result of a disease or a trauma. A typical roentgenogram is obtained during radiography in a standing position and PA projection: horizontal level of liquid represented by homogeneous shadow merging with diaphragm shadow and avascular light without visible parenchyma above the liquid level. The authors present two cases of hydropneumothorax. The first case is about hydropneumothorax originated after several repeated tapping of pleural effusion of malignant etiology. In the second case, hydropneumothorax is a thorax injury complication. Hydropneumothorax rarely appears in practice, and diagnosis is fast and accurate just based on clinical picture and standard lung radiography.