Matične ćelije su nespecijalizovane ćelije organizma u vrlo ranom stadijumu razvića, koje u normalnim uslovima u datom tkivu mogu da se diferenciraju u različite tipove funkcionalno specijalizovanih zrelih ćelija. Mezenhimalne matične ćelije (MSCs) su atraktivni kandidati za kliničku primenu u obnavljanju oštećenih tkiva, pogotovu što se mogu izolovati iz više izvora i umnožavati, a njihova primena ne nosi nikakve etičke probleme. Metode izolacije MSCs iz masnog tkiva zasnivaju se na enzimatskom razlaganju dobijenog materijala. Uslovi kultivacije mezenhimalnih matičnih ćelija su temperatura od 37°C i parcijalni pritisak CO2 5%. MSCs se gaje u medijumu, najčešće u a-MEM medijumu sa 10% ili 20% fetalnim telećim serumom. Pod tim uslovima kultivisanja za 7-14 dana adherisane ćelije formiraju kolonije. MSCs su multipotentne i sposobne da se diferenciraju u uslovima in vitro u mezodermalnom pravcu, stvarajući osteoblaste, hondrocite i adipocite. Međutim, one mogu da se diferenciraju i u ćelije ektodermalnog (npr. neurone) i ćelije endodermalnog porekla (npr. ß-ćelije Langerhansovih ostrvaca pankreasa i hepatocite). U Laboratoriji za matične ćelije Departmana za biomedicinske nauke Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru sprovodi se istraživanje MSCs poreklom iz humanog masnog tkiva. U saradnji sa hirurzima Zdravstvenog centra Novi Pazar, a uz poštovanje normi Etičkog komiteta obe ustanove u periodu od 01.07.2011. do 01.07.2012. godine dobijeno je 22 uzorka potkožnog humanog masnog tkiva od ispitanika starosti od 18 do 65 godina. Od 15 uzoraka uspešno je završen proces izolacije i kultivacije, a od 8 i ciljane mezodermalne diferencijacije.
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