Serious metabolic diseases and infections, such as sepsis, may lead to the occurrence of stress ulcers. Unfortunately, in our hospitals, the stress ulcer is often diagnosed as a separate disease, not as the manifestation of the existing stress status of the patient. Therefore, the goal of this pilot study was to establish the incidence of stress ulcers in sepsis patients treated at the Infective Disease Clinic. Patients treated at the Military Medical Academy Infective Disease Clinic during 4 month period, who experienced acute bleeding, verified gastroscopically, were subjected to retrospective analysis. Five out of 344 hospitalized patients had serious hemorrhages. Out of a total of 21 patients diagnosed with bacterial sepsis, acute gastric bleeding was verified gastroscopically in three, or 14.28 percent. To obtain more data, prospective long-term study, wich would include greater number of septic patients, should be conducted.
Miller SA, Selzman CH, Shames BD. Chlamydia pneumoniae activates nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein 1 in human vascular smooth muscle and induces cellular proliferation. J Surg Res. 90(1):76–81.
2.
Mikić D. Proinflamatorni citokini u sepsi i septičkom šoku.
3.
Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Duda A, Kwiecien S, Lober S, Dembinski A, et al. Epidermal growth factor and prostaglandin E2 accelerate mucosal recovery from stress-induced gastric lesions via inhibition of apoptosis. J Physiol Paris. 95(1–6):361–7.
4.
Battal NM, Hata Y, Ito O, Matsuda H, Yoshida Y, Kawazoe T, et al. Reduction of burn-induced gastric mucosal injury by an endothelin receptor antagonist in rats. Burns. 23:295–9.
5.
Arcavi L, Shihmanter R. Nasogastric administration of omeprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: Effects on gastric pH. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 75(11).
6.
Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Drozdowicz D, Kwiecien S, Pajdo R, et al. Role of gastric acid secretion in progression of acute gastric erosions induced by ischemia-reperfusion into gastric ulcers. European Journal of Pharmacology. 398:147–58.
7.
Itoh M, Guth PH. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in hemorrhagic shock-induced gastric lesions in the rat. Gastroenterology. 88:1162–7.
8.
Fennerty MB. Pathophysiology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the critically ill patient: Rationale for the therapeutic benefits of acid suppression. Crit Care Med. 30:351–5.
9.
Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ. Effects of reactive oxygen species action on gastric mucosa in various models of mucosal injury. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 53(1):39–50.
10.
Fennerty MB. Pathophysiology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the critically ill patient: Rationale for the therapeutic benefits of acid suppression. Crit Care Med. 30:351–5.
11.
Teodorović J, Gastroenterologija JB. Excelsior.
12.
Brown JF, Hanson PJ, Whittle BJ. Nitric oxide donors increase mucus gel thickness in rat stomach. European Journal of Pharmacology. 223:103–4.
13.
Czaya AJ, McAlhany JC, Pruitt BA. Acute gastroduodenal disease after thermal injury: An endoscopic evaluation of incidence and natural history. N Engl J Med. 291:925–9.
14.
Almy TP. The gastrointestinal tract in man under stress. In: Gastrointestinal Diseases. p. 3–19.
15.
Morris DL, Markham SJ, Beechey A. Ranitidine - bolus or infusion prophylaxis for stress ulcer. Crit Care Med. 16:229–32.
16.
Spirt MJ. Stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD. Acute Care of the Abdomen. 26:197–213.
17.
Zinner MJ, Zuidema GD, Smith PL, Mignosa M. The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in high-risk patients in an intensive care unit. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 153:214–20.
18.
MacLaren R, Jarvis CL, Fish DN. Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Ann Pharmacother. 35:1614–23.
19.
Beejay U, Wolfe MM. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit: The gastroenterologist’s perspective. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 29:309–36.
20.
Crill CM, Hak EB. Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in critically ill pediatric patients. Pharmacotherapy. 19:162–80.
21.
Cook DJ, Fuller HD, Guyatt GH. for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 330:377–81.
22.
Janićijević-Hudomal S. Mehanizmi nastanka i prevencija različitih formi stres ulkusa kod eksperimentalnih životinja. Doktorska disertacija, Priština.
23.
Szabo S, Glavin S. Hans Selye and the concept of biologic stress: Ulcer pathogenesis as a historical paradigm. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 14–16.
24.
Robert A, Szabo S. Stress ulcers. In: Selye’s Guide to Stress Research. p. 22–46.
25.
Moody FG. Acute stress erosions and ulceration. In: Gastrointestinal Diseases.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.