In the study with experimental animals in vitro conditions, the aim of the research was to examine the effect of verapamil on the even brawniness of the isolated organ of the respiratory ways (tracheas) in guinea-pigs on acetylcholine and histamine, and in that way, to examine local mechanisms of smooth muscle system but also to exclude the rest of the neurohumoral influences. The guinea-pigs of both sexes (average weight of 500-700 gr), were used for this experiment. 10 guinea-pigs were included in the experimental research; the trachea was taken from them after the immolation. The preparations of isolated organs of trachea were divided into two groups (A and B). The previous incubation of trachea -5 isolated by verapamil (1 minute) in concentration 10 M significantly reduced the contraction caused by acetylcholine -4 (ascent 21.49±9.63, r=0.97, p<0.05). Concentration of verapamil 10 M also caused significant fall of contraction (ascent -5 21.3±12.63, r=0.95, p<0.05). Verapamil in concentration 10 M significantly reduces the response of isolated trachea cau- -6 -5 -4 sed by histamine in concentrations 10 M and 10 M (slope 21.3±10.6, r=0.96, p<0.05).Concentration of verapamil 10 M significantly reduced the contraction of smooth muscles of isolated trachea caused by histamine (slope 15.46±10.47, r= 0.94, p < 0.05).
Mitić R. Određivanje efektivne koncentracije (EC50) ili doze (ED50. In: Eksperimentalna farmakologija. p. 15–7.
2.
E.H. W, J.A. W, P.W G. Regular treatment with long-acting beta agonists versus daily regular treatment with short-acting beta agonists in adults and children with stable asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
3.
4.
E.H. W, J.A. W, R WB. Anti-IgE and chemotherapy: A critical appraisal of treatment options for severe asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. Apr;8(5):585-92.
5.
E.H. W, J.A. W, M.D G. Inhaled long-acting beta agonists for stable chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
6.
7.
A.L. B, G. V, A. A, R. B, J.O W. Nebulised sodium cromoglycate and verapamil in methacholine-induced asthma. Arch Dis Child. 62(3):264–8.
8.
A.L. B, L. S, Stefano G. Effects of different dosages of the calcium antagonist verapamil in exercise and methacholine-induced bronchospasm in children with chronic asthma. J Asthma. 24(2):81–9.
9.
Rossum J.M. Cumulative dose-response curves (II. Technique for the making of dose response curves in isolated organs and evaluation of drug parameters. Arch Int Pharmacodyn. 143(3–4):299–329.
10.
analiza MBP. U. :600–30.
11.
Mitić R. Efekt i interakcija verapamila i diazepama na trahealni odgovor izazvan histaminom i acetilholinom. Medicinski fakultet Priština.
12.
E.H. W, J.A. W, R WB. Why have asthma action plans failed the consumer test? Med J Aust.
13.
J. B, C. A, P. J, K V. The calcium dependence of histamine, carbachol, and potassium chloride-induced contraction in human airways in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 125(2):159–68.
14.
L. B, A.C. H, H. A, E. I, E.P. I, K.R L. Relating maximum airway dilation and subsequent reconstruction to reactivity in human lungs. J Appl Physiol. 96:1808–14.
15.
A.J. A, C.L. A, J.L B. Smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase content is increased in human sensitized airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 161:257–63.
16.
P. B, M. T, J.L. B, Asthma? RM. Is it due to an abnormal airway smooth muscle cell. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 174:367–72.
17.
J.B. C, A.J. B, R.G T. Comparison of the effects of verapamil and nifedipine on airway muscarinic reactivity and receptors. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther.
18.
J.B. C, R.G T. Decreased sensitivity and response of isolated tracheal muscle to methacholine and histamine without changing the activity of pulmonary muscarinic receptors in the egg albumin-sensitized guinea pig. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 72(4):303–9.
19.
R. M, J.P. S, J M. Acetylcholine-induced contraction in human isolated bronchial smooth muscle: role of an intracellular calcium store. Respir Physiol. Feb;67(2):127-35.
20.
R. M, C.L. A, P.R. J, J.L B. The calcium channel agonist BAY K8644 enhances the responsiveness of human airway muscle to KCl and histamine but not to carbachol. Am Rev Respir Dis. Jan;135(1):185-9.
21.
Marthan R. Store-operated calcium entry and intracellular calcium release channels in airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol.
22.
J.L. O, J. C, E.J. M, C. S, M. P, J E. The spasmogenic effect of caffeine in trachealis isolated from control and actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 13;158(3):243-9.
23.
T.D. Đ, D.J. D, D.B. B, J.A N. Neutral endopeptidase modulates neurotensin-induced airway contraction. J Appl Physiol. May;66(5):2338-43.
24.
T.D. Đ, J.A. N, D.J. D, K. S, P.D. G, D.B B. Inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase potentiate electrically and capsaicin-induced noncholinergic contraction in guinea pig bronchi. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Jan;248(1):7-11.
25.
T. I, Y S. Cooling-induced subsensitivity to carbachol in the tracheal smooth muscle of the guinea-pig. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. Mar;332(3):219-23.
26.
M.A. H, M. J, I.A. D, T.D. Đ, H A. The effect of Ca2+ blockers on the response of respiratory tract smooth muscle to bronchoconstrictor and bronchodilator agents. Plucne Bolesti. Jan-Jun;40(1-2):3-8.
27.
M. M, I. M, M.A H. Comparative study of the effects of physical exertion on resistance in the lower respiratory tract and nasal resistance in patients with bronchial asthma. Plucne Bolesti.
28.
M. P, J. C, C. S, J. E, E.J M. Active sensitization discriminates between groups of calcium antagonists in lung parenchyma strips. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir.
29.
M. P, J. C, J. E, E.J M. Different ability of verapamil to inhibit agonist-induced contraction of lung parenchymal strips from control and sensitized guinea pigs. Respiration. 50(3):174–84.
30.
Diego A., J. C, V. V, M. P, J. E, E.J M. Effects of phorbol 12,13-diacetate and its influence on spasmogenic responses in normal and sensitized guinea-pig trachea. J Pharm Pharmacol. Sep;47(9):750-6.
31.
J.D. O, J. C, M. P, E.J M. Effects of alkylxanthines on contractility of diaphragm fibres isolated from normal and sensitized guinea-pigs. J Pharm Pharmacol. Dec;45(12):1060-6.
32.
J. C, B. S, C. P, M. P, F. P, E M. The relaxant effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915) on human isolated airway smooth muscle. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. Oct;346(4):462-8.
33.
T.D D. The role of enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase) in neurogenic inflammation of the respiratory tract.
34.
J. C, M. P, J. E, E.J M. Pharmacological characterization of the effects of verapamil and nifedipine on isolated guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip. Gen Pharmacol. 17(2):211–7.
35.
K.R. P, M.R. AS, J.W K. The effect of inhaled verapamil on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. Clin Allergy.
36.
V.Y. L, J.M. H, J.P. S, D.M T. Verapamil inhibits mediator release from human lung in vitro. Thorax. May;38(5):386-7.
37.
K.R. P, J.W K. Calcium antagonists in experimental asthma. Clin Allergy.
38.
K.R. P, W.M T. Comparison of two calcium antagonists, verapamil and gallopamil (D-600), in exercise-induced asthma. Eur J Respir Dis. Oct;67(4):269-71.
39.
V.T. P, P. S, V S. The effect of inhaled verapamil on resting bronchial tone and airway contractions induced by histamine and acetylcholine in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis. 130(6):1006–13.
40.
H. A, M. J, H. D, T. Đ, M.A H. Effect of verapamil on response of airway smooth muscle to acetylcholine and leucotriene C4. Period Biolog. 88(Suppl 1):187–8.
41.
J.E. F, P.S N. Effects of the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, on asthmatic airway responses to muscarinic, histaminergic, and allergenic stimuli. Am Rev Respir Dis.
42.
E.H. W, J. B, A. F, B.H D. Effects of calcium channel blockade on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in mild asthma. Thorax. Aug;39(8):572-5.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
