Perinatal infection occurs as a consequence of the intrauterine (congenital) infection, intrapartal infection, or the newborn infection in the course of its nursing. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a most frequent intrauterine infection. The prevalence of congenital CMV infection given by different authors varies significantly, but the majority of them mention that it is in the range from 0.5 to 2.5 % of the number of the live-born. Significance of this disorder is underlined by the fact that about 20% of intrauterine infected newborns have later serious problems in their development. The signs of fetal impairments with congenital CMV infection can be noticed with about 10 % of the infected newborns at the very birth. The mortality rate among these newborns is high even about 30 % of them exhibit heavy signs of the disease and die very soon after the birth. Even with 70 % of the newborns with the symptoms of congenital CMV infection it is possible to notice at the birth the presence of the symptomatology related to CNS, and this is of predicative significance for the later unfavorable development of the infant. It should be pointed out that, in contrast to intrauterine infection, which provenly yields to fetal impairments, there are no reliable data that would point to undesired outcomes of intra- or postpartal infections. The work gives a survey of contemporary knowledge about cytomegalovirus infection in perinatology, as well as about the possibilities of its diagnosis and treatment.
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