It is obvious that outcome of the cerebral ischemia depends on many of the metabolic reactions that accompany circulatory disturbance, and forcaming neurochemical changes on the cellular level. Cerebral ischemia accompany changes in the neurotransmitters from the group of the biogenic amines, that influence a great deal whole chain of reactions that lead 66 cell to ultimate death. This processes ease up an enables distribution of the cascade reaction in ischemia leisure. To this should be added the fact, that cerebral infarct is followed with selective disturbance on hematoencephal level for 64. monoamines. It is obvious that cerebral infarct involves changes in metabolism of the central neurotransmitters. This changes could have either short or long term consequences on the ischemic process outcome. Therefore our aim in this study was to investigate the influence of the biogenic amines, serotonin and epinephrine as possible markers in estimation of the neural damage, outcome of the ischemic cerebral stroke and clinical presentation throughout correlation in changes of their concentration in liquor. Investigation included 40 patients on hospital treatment on Neurology Clinic of the CHC Pristina. During the follow up study, we estimated changes in concentration levels of the serotonin and epinephrine in liquor throughout different time intervals, correlating to the neurology status, encountering neuroradiology methods CT and MRof the brain, as a criteria in diagnosing acute ischemic cerebral stroke.

Periodontal diseases appear at the earliest age, they are progressive, long-lasting and if not treated lead to the loss of teeth in adults. By examining and identifying the frequency, range and severity of periodontium diseases, it is possible to evaluate the need for prevention and treatment of those affected with gingivitis and periodontophaty.The aim of the study is to determine the oral hygiene and periodontium status of the examined children in urban and rural areas. A total of 240 schoolchildren was examined. Significant presence of soft deposits was found in the examined children aged 12 and 15 years, disregarding the place of residence (IMN- 1.53 in town and IMN- 1.40 in the village). Calculus index values are significantly lower in the rural compared to the urban area for about 40% (0.26 in rural compared to 0.44 in urban area In relation to the place of residence (town-village), the status of the periodontium evaluated by CPTIN Index, shows that only 14.6% of the examined children need no treatment. Within the necessary treatment, 32.9% of the examinees need training in oral hygiene and 40.8% of them need removal of soft and hard deposits. Considering the recorded values from these two typical areas, it can be concluded that dental protection in these two regions has no significant influence on oral health. Thus, it is necessary to plan and conduct permanent prevention, early diagnosis and timely therapy.

Doxorubicin is the most frequently used anthracycline antibiotic that expresses significant toxicity. Among all side  effects, hematological are the most common, while cardiac side effects are the most serious and the most important. The aim of this study was to investigate whether doxorubicin containing combined chemotherapy used in treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), influences electrical activity of the myocardium and left ventricular function in affected children. Experimental group consisted of 20 children with newly diagnosed ALL treated according to protocol YU ALL 95, while the control group consisted of 20 healthy children. Electrocardiograms (ECG) at rest were taken and analyzed, and corrected QT intervals (QTc) calculated. All children had echocardiograms (ECHO) including fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). Electrocardiograms, FS and EF were normal in all subjects, and were similar in both groups.

Myenteric nervous plexus is from rare importance for function of gastrointestinal tract. It perform one regulatory level autonomic nervous system which is situated within wall of digestive tract wherefore is directly exposed effect pathogenetic factors from extern ambiance. Aim of these study is that itself within terminal part of large intestine (sigmoid colon and rectum) particulary inquest myentric nervous plexus as part of autonomic nervous system. That itself describe shape and arrangement of ganglion structures, as well as, shape and arrangement of ganglion cells of myenteric nervous plexus. Within our researches we use totally 60 tissue samples of human sigmoid colon and rectum. From anterior wall those part of large intestine was taken 30 samples, also and same number of samples towards parts of posterior wall. Proximately past getting samples was determine their volume by using picnometre. Afterwards are made preparations coloured by He, Cresyl - violet and AgNO methods. Tissue samples are sliced within step - shared series of incisions with thickness slice by 7µm and 3 thickness grade by 50µm. Stereologycal analysis was perform by test system M42 which is calibrated on enlarge objective 40x. During analysis was determined absolute volume of ganglion structures of myenteric plexus and absolute number of ganglion cells inside of ganglion structures. Structures of myenteric nervous plexus being shown on longitudinal cross - section of tissues as flat, irregular ramify structure explicitly limited from surrounding smooth muscles. Immanent is upward trend absolute volume of ganglion structures and absolute number of ganglion cells goes from sigmoid colon according to ampullar part of rectum. Variance on level of significance by p<0,05 are present only if itself compare absolute volume of ganglion structures and absolute number of ganglion cells of myenteric plexus ampullar part of rectum and uppermost part of sigmoid colon. Test correlation shows of being presence high statistic significant (p<0,001) correlation between absolute volume of ganglions and absolute number of ganglion cells of myenteric nervous plexus.

Introduction: Approximately 15-23% of the general population have had urticarial rush during their lives. Goal: Examination of the urticarial frequency and urticarial etiopathogenesis among hospitalized patients. Sources and methodology: Retrospective analysis of the data extracted from patients' medical history at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Department for Dermatology and Venereology. Statistical methods used include proportional relations with tabular and graphical representation of the results gathered. Results: Out of 228 hospitalized patients in 2007, total of 28 (or 12.28%) were treated for Urticaria. The disease is more frequent among the following groups of patients: female population (total of 23, or 82.1%); people between 30 and 60 years of age (total of 15, or 53.6%); urban area population (total of 24, or 85.7%); patients with Dg. Urticaria acuta diagnosis (total of 19, or 67.8%); Dg. Oedema Quincke (total of 6, or 21, 4%); et people with cardiovascular diseases (total of 9, or 32.2%). The disease is more frequent in Spring, during the period April-June (11 patients, or 39.3%) with the greatest frequency in May (7 patients, or 25%). According to etiological samples the most prominent types of Urticaria among patients were: idiopathic (13 patients, or 46.4%), due to medications (5 patients, or 17.9%), nutritional origin (4 patients, or 14.3%), psychological factors (3 patients, or 10.7%). Considering complications, 6 patients (21.4%) had Quincke's Oedema, while 7 patients (25%) had allergic reactions to penicillin. Regarding outcome of the disease, total of 23 patients (82.1%) have been successfully cured. Discussion et Conclusion: The greatest number of serious urticarias with complications has been inducted by non-physical factors, mostly of immunological nature, while physically inducted urticaria have had less severe symptoms and required shorter time to cure. Nevertheless, exact causes for most types of urticaria are unknown, so continual research of causes, as well as courses, complications and treatments of this serious disease is necessary.

To show the most common causes of bacteriemia in hospitalized patients, as well as their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The research data were extracted from official reports produced by Microbiological Laboratory in Clinical Centre Kragujevac. Isolation and identification of the causes were performed with standard microbiological methodology. Sensitivity to antimicrobial medication was tested using disc diffusion. Interpretation and inhibition zones of antibiogram were done in accordance with guidelines of US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A descriptive epidemiological approach was used in the research. The collected data were processed using the appropriate software application. Amongst the processed samples, a significant presence of Staphylococcus spp. was found (coagulase-negative 35,8% and coagulase positive 11,7%). Over 60% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to meticillin. Enterococcus spp, isolated in 11,7% of all isolates, in more than 50% of cases was sensitive to ampicillin, with approximate isolate vancomycin sensitivity of 90%. The isolated Klebsiellà spp strains produced high degrees of Extended-Spectrum â-Lactamases (ESBL) and showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin, with 100% sensitivity to carbapenem. Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp were less represented (5.8% and 5.4%) but these neither pathogens were exempt to antimicrobial resistance.The research indicated that causes of hospital infections should be continuously monitored. 

Aim of this study was to identify the most relevant epidemiological risk factors for acquiring tularemia. Method used in the study was cross section. During period 2000-2006 at the territory of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohia region) 254 tularemia cases were identified. No lethal outcomes were noted. Tularemia was registered in 11 districts of Central Serbia, while no cases of the disease were noticed in region of Vojvodina. In Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohia there were 4 cases of Tularemia. 4 epidemics with 21 diseased persons were reported at territory of Central Serbia. Majority of patients were 20-60 years old (86%). No significance difference in sex distribution was observed. Almost the same number of male (129) and female (125) patients was affected. This could be explained by identical exposure of both sexes to diseases causative agents. The disease has seasonal character. It occurs most often in late autumn and winter due to contact with diseased rabbits during hunting season, meat consummation, and inhalation of dust containing diseased animal excreta. During observation period linear trend of incidence rate have not shown statistically significant elevation neither decrease.

Its analyzed from a epidemic figurante aspect. The childrens department, health headquarters from Kosovska Mitrovica in the year of 2007. They were able to bring 748 children for healing. Down North Kosovo, they had 81% of children and another 7% from the village Priluzje and Plementina come. There was a increase in the number of incoming children in January and Febuary. And then the same time, in september and October. Half of the healed childrens age varies up to 2 years old. In a period of 6 days, they are able to heal 72, 6% of children. In the 94 stuctured diagnosises, they were able to show all the morbidity. Dominating sickness of the respitory system, in the winter season. And the digestive system in the fall season.

The most important characteristic of calcium channels is a selective regulation of a slow incoming current of calcium into the tissue cells with tendency of a slow growth of the action potential. Such tissues include smooth muscles of the blood vessels, cardiocities and hearth noduses (AVand SAnode). Different calcium antagonists have different influences on the mentioned tissues, because they also have different chemical components. Verapamil, Nifedipin and Diltiazem have the most common usage. Verapamil is a product of papaverine, nifedipin is a product of dehydroperidine while diltiazem is a product of benzodiazepine. Their common characteristic is blocking the calcium channels which cause blood vessels vasodilatation, negative inotropic and negative chronotropic influence. By blocking calcium to enter through channels spores of miofibrile smooth muscles, calcium antagonists are reducing the amount of available calcium for contraction, which causes vasodilatation. One of the best-known and the commonest calcium antagonist is verapamil. In electrophysiological terms, it inhibits action potential of the heart noduses (especially AV node), where the most important thing for depolarisation, is a slow entrance of calcium. By extending the refractory period of SA node, it reduces the frequency of impulse generation (heart frequency), while by extending the refractory period of AVnode, it slows down the work of chambers in cases of flater and atrium fibrillation. Taking into consideration the fact that verapamil shows cardiodepresive effects, the aim of our work is to study closely its effects on electrocardiogram and hemodynamic parameters. The experiment was conducted on six adult, healthy dogs which were, after 10 minutes 0,9% NaCl infusion, treated with i.v. bolus verapamil injections on every 5 minutes until the appearance of intoxication signs, which causes bradycardia, heart rhythm disorder and the fall of arterial blood pressure. The average verapamil dose was 4 mg per kilogram. After i.v. verapamil administration, heart frequency and middle arterial pressure have a significant fall, while central venous pressure has a significant rise. Larger verapamil doses nd rd can significantly extend T-P and P-R interval with the appearance of AV-block (2 and 3 grade), while the Q-T interval doesn't show any significant change.

Helical ventricula myocardial bend of Torrent-Guasp is the revolutionary new concept in understanding global, three-dimansional, functional architecture of the ventricular myocardium. Anatomy of the VMB, and recent proofs for its segmental electrical and mechanical activation, undoubtedly indicates that ventricular filling is the consequente of an active muscular contraction. Specific septal arrangment of the ascedent segments fibers, their interaction with adjacent descedent segment fibers, elastic elements and intracavitary blood volumen explein the physical principes involvel in this action. Understanding this mechanism cudld be of particular importance in our efforts to prevent and treat diastolic heart failure.