Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a frequent cause of acute nephritis in children. This case study was done with the aim to point out that the infections caused by Group A streptococci, in spite of antibiotic era, are still present in the population. An 8-year old boy was admitted in our hospital with a two-day history of fewer, tonsillopharyngitis. After hospital admission, patient was treated with penicillin during the period of 10 days, antihypertensive medications (captopril, furosemide), including restricted diet of salt. After the treatment, patient became better. On demission it was found proteinuria and microhematuriaPSGN is very serious disease, which leaves severe complications if the valid therapy with penicillin is not used in propriety time, during the recommended period of 10 days.

Increased mortality rate for patients with mental disorders and their shorter lifespan compared to the general public is stated by numerous authors. Services on the Clinic for mental disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević” were reorganized, by introducing intensive care units – level two, i.e. contemporary intensive care of patients was introduced, only without life support. Primary objective of the research was to determine if the introduction of intensive care to the Clinic led to a statistically significant change in the number of fatal outcomes of hospitalized patients. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study and it included 62 patients that have died while being hospitalized at the Clinic for mental disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević” in Belgrade, in 2011 and 2012. Data were collected by retrospective insight in the histories of illnesses and treatment protocols of the Clinic and institutes for pathology and forensic medicine of the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade. Obtained data were statistically analysed with Student’s T-test and ANOVA test, with a significance level of 0.05. Statistically significant difference was determined in fatalities in 2011 compared to 2012 with p = 0.007, and there were significantly less fatalities in 2012. Statistically significant difference in frequency of fatal outcomes when comparing 2011 to 2012 was determined only when comparing the ward of previous intensive care on one side with the newly established psychiatric intensive care units – level two on the other. High level of significance was determined with p = 0.005. New organizational concept introduced in 2012 has led to more efficient twenty-four-hour care and monitoring of hospitalized patients, suppression of accompanying somatic illnesses which altogether led to a significant reduction of fatal outcomes.

The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage appeared in 1978, and since that time the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated. Many researchers focused on the damaging effects of oxidants in muscle (oxidative damage of proteins and lipids), but the examination of cell-signaling effects of free radicals on muscle activity became today's main issue. Free radicals can modulate a number of cell signaling pathways and regulate the expression of multiple genes, contributing to the muscle adaptation on exercise and improving the muscle force production. Those effects are provided by changes in calcium handling by muscle cells or changing in the sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium. As a conclusion we can say that low and physiological levels of free radicals are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle and antioxidant adaptation, while high levels of free radicals promote contractile dysfunction resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue.

After the armed conflicts throughout the nineties of the twentieth century occurred in former Yugoslavia, identification of war victims is a challenging task. This paper gives a detailed description of exhumed remains identification process. One of the study objectives has been a comparison between DNA results and traditional forensic identification methods. This paper deals with the identification of human remains that were exhumed in Kosovo and Metohia in the period 2001-2012, belonging to Serbs and other non-Albanian ethnic communities (Montenegrins, Bosniaks, Roma, Gorani, and others), as well as much lower number of Albanians who were also killed during the war and post-war period.The experience of this process and the experience of other countries show that there is a need to organize appropriate services for identification of human remains in Serbia, capable to react effectively in case of mass disaster.

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is in obstetrics with incidence of 0,4% of , with risk for chorioamnionitis 35%, risk for premature deli very 19%, and sepsis risk of 1%. Primary risk for fetus is pulmonal hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios in 29%, RDS in 66 % of such pregnancies, sepsis in 19%, and contrac ture of extremities in 3%. Fetal death is more than 30% of cases. Patient came to regular pregnancy check up in 22th week of gestation. US exami nation revealed decreased fluid volume AFI 50, with regular morphology and fetal dynamic. She was admitted to hospital. She was given cortico-steroids and antibiotics. In further course of pregnancy amniocentesis was performed in 32th week of preg nancy to rule out the infection and to check pulmonal maturity. In absence of infection and lung maturity pregnancy was continued until 36th week of gestation when Cesarean Section was. Baby went well and is now healthy child in the age of three. Some studies suggested that delivery can be significantly prolonged. In our case we menaged to gain 14 weeks,from 22th to 36th gestational week. Firstly gynaecologyst nightmare to ask the woman is she accept therapy. The aim is to deliver a healthy child without neurological and other consequen ces and mother with preserved reproductive function. Controversy still exists when is the appropriate time to finish pregnancy with prolonged PPROM.

Prognoza i izbor terapije adenokarcinoma prostate (ADKP) direktno zavise od brojnih prediktivnih faktora, među kojima su najznačajniji zbirni histološki gradus tumora (Gleason score, koji predstavlja zbir prvog i drugog dominantnog histološkog gradusa) i klinički stadijum. Novija istraživanja u ove faktore ubrajaju i tkivni androgen status i neuroendokrinu diferencijaciju. Važnost prvog i drugog dominantnog histološkog gradusa naročito postaje značajan kod ADKP Gleason score-a 7. Smatra se da goru prognozu imaju ADKP višeg Gleason score-a, uznapredovalog kliničkog stadijuma, androgen nezavisni tumori i tumori koji pokazuju veći stepen neuroendokrine diferencijacije. Cilj rada je odrediti prediktivni značaj ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (3+4) i ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) u odnosu na klinički stadijum, tkivni androgen status i stepen fokalne neuroendokrine diferencijacije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 33 ADKP Gleason score-a 7, odnosno 26 (78,79%) ADKP 7 (3+4) i 7 (21,21%) ADKP 7 (4+3). Svi tumori su najčešće dijagnostikovani u stadijumu D2 kada su već postojale udaljene metastaze. ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) dijagnostikovani su u većem procentu u ovom stadijumu, među njima ima više androgen nezavisnih tumora i pokazuju veći stepen fokalne neuroendokrine diferencijacije. Svi dobijeni rezultati u saglasnosti su sa podacima iz literature i navode na zaključak da ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) imaju goru prognozu od ADKP Gleason score-a 7 (3+4).

Osteoartritis kolenih zglobova je degenerativno oboljenje čije su glavne karakteristike oštećenje i gubitak zglobne hrskavice, zgušnjavanje kosti neposredno ispod hrskavice (subhondralna kost) i hipertrofija kosti na rubovima zgloba. Klinički, OA kolenih zglobova se, u zavisnosti od faze bolesti, ispoljava bolovima u degenerativno izmenjenom zglobu, ukočenošću, ograničenjem opsega pokreta, krepitacijama, izlivom u zglob, deformacijama i različitim stepenom upale. U radu je obrađeno 100 ispitanika i prezentovani su rezultati kliničkih manifestacija oboljenja, koji uključuju anamnestičke i objektivne parametre, sociodemografski status, radiološki nalaz i prisustvo komorbidnih stanja.

Development of accessory breast tissue is a consequence the lack of regression remanths of milk line during embryogenesis. These remanths can be found anywhere on the ventral side of the body, extending from the axilla to the pubic region and most of them can be found in the axillary region. On such a tissue may appear almost identical changes that affect the normal breast, from benign non-tumor changes to malignant tumors. In our case report, the case is a 23 year-old woman who had a unilateral solitary lesions in the axilla, which was surgically removed. Starting diagnosis was " Limphadnopathia axillaris lateris sinistri." After removal and histopathological evaluation of the change, it was found that there is a tumor - fibroadenoma. There were also performed immunohistochemical ( IHH ) staining, with finding of a conventional fibroadenoma of the breast as expected. Accessory breast tissue in the axilla is a rare finding, and the tumors in this tissue even rarer. Histopathological confirmation is mandatory, with the need to exclude malignant tumors which are more common in these cases, and they occur at an earlier age.

Abnormal liver function tests occur in 3-5% of pregnancies, with many potential causes, including coincidental liver disease (most commonly viral hepatitis or gallstones) and underlying chronic liver disease. Pruritus in pregnancy is common, affecting 23% of pregnancies, of which a small proportion will have obstetric cholestasis. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a cholestatic disorder characterized by pruritus with onset in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, elevated serum aminotransferases and bile acid levels, and spontaneous relief of signs and symptoms within two to three weeks after delivery. ICP is observed in 0.4-1% of pregnancies in most areas of Central and Western Europe and North America. Genetic and hormonal factors, but also environmental factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of ICP. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery (19- 60%), meconium staining of amniotic fluid (27%), fetal bradycardia (14%), fetal distress (22-41%), and fetal loss (0.4-4.1%), particularly when associated with fasting serum bile acid levels >40 μmol/L. Important ICP-induced changes in serum profiles of amidated bile acids were observed, involving both a marked increase in cholic acid concentration and a shift towards a higher proportion of taurine-conjugated species. Ursodeoxycholic acid (10-20 mg/kg/d) is today regarded as the first line treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Delivery has been recommended in the 37-38th week when lung maturity has been established.

We examined the impact of aerobic exercise on morphological characteristics and agility in elementary school children. Anthropometric characteristics of the subjects were as follows: longitudinal skeletal dimension (body height, as well as the lengths of upper and lower extremities), circular skeletal dimension and body mass (mean circumference of the chest, the circumference of the thigh of an stretched leg, maximum circumference of the calf, body mass) and subcutaneous fat (skin thickness of the abdomen, thigh and calf). The agility was estimated by the envelope test, side steps and a eight with bending. For statistical analysis we employed the basic methods of descriptive statistics, while the discriminatory power of measurements was estimated by calculation of skewness and kurtosis of the data. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to explain the structure of the relationships between the two sets of data. The results of the analysis on this sample suggest that there is a strong linear relationship between morphological characteristics and agility at a multivariate level.