Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases, which is the combined action of genetic factors, environmental factors and lifestyle. Specific conditions occur in the oral cavity in the course of diabetes that cause changes in all oral tissues with different symptoms and signs. Increased salivary glucose level is followed by increased accumulation of dental plaque and decreased resistance to noxious agents. The most common oral manifestations in diabetic patients include higher prevalence of periodontal desease, burning mouth syndrome, disruption in salivary flow, opportunistic infections, higher prevalence of denture stomatitis, oral lichen planus, fissured tongue, angular cheilitis etc. Dental interventions in patients with well-controlled diabetes are not different from those applied to nondiabetic patients. Regular monitoring of these patients is required because of the complications that can occur.

One of the best-studied responses of cognitive evoked potentials is a so-called “P300”, the late positive wave complex that occurs about 300-500 ms after the stimulus. It is obtained when the subject’s attention is focused on a signal that is rare, especially if the signal has a motivational or emotional meaning. In the study of P300 potential, we followed the variations of potential amplitude and latency, so the objective was to examine whether there is a difference in Fz and Cz amplitudes of auditory induced cognitive evoked P300 potential depending on the performance of oddball tasks, both in male and female subjects. The study included 60 subjects (30 female respondents and 30 male respondents). P300 potential is induced by the auditory "oddball" paradigm with 80% of non-target and 20% of target stimuli that are presented to the patient through headphones. The target tones are high tones of 2000 Hz. The standard, 1000 Hz tones the respondent should ignore but when he hears the target tones the respondent should press the button on the special handle. The value of Fz and Cz amplitudes both in male and female subjects obtained in the classical "oddball" paradigm when the subject reacted to the signal by pressing the key with the dominant (right) arm were statistically significantly lower (p>0,05) than the values of Fz and Cz amplitudes obtained when the key was pressed by the non-dominant hand. Based on this experiment it can be concluded that both in male and female subjects the performance of oddball tasks does not affect the amplitude of P300 cognitive evoked potentials.

Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in children with end-stage renal disease who are treated with chronic hemodialysis Arterial hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factors in this population. The aim is that children who are on HD displays the prevalence of hypertension, to check arterial pressure before and after HD and displays the correlation with the left ventricle mass (LVM). Method: The study in 20 patients on chronic HD and 20 healthy control group children, blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer before and after HD. Also echocardiography were measured left ventricular mass before and after HD and track the correlation of these two parameters. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in children on HD is 62% for significant different compared to the control group (p <0.001) .. TA values of systolic and diastolic significantly lower after HD. (P <0.05). After HD TA values were significantly higher than the value of TA (p <0.05) in healthy children. The prevalence of LVH was 60% in children on HD and statistically be statistically highe then to the control group (p <0.001). The correlation between LVH and increased TA was linear but was not statistically significant in either group of patients. In conclusion: The fact that hypertension does not correlate significantly with left ventricular mass suggests that the increase in LVM except high blood pressure and affect other cardiovascular risk factors.

Modern aspects of social development brings new concerns that contribute to obesity, as a direct result of the overall abundance. Almost that there is declarative consistent view that obesity, according to its frequency, a global epidemic of the new millennium and that is because of the effect on the overall health of the necessary complementary multidisciplinary approach, because its prevention can prevent and significantly reduce the mortality rate. Technological development, automation in the food production, reduced participation of manual labor and a sedentary lifestyle, obesity causes an increase not only in highly industrialized, but in the less developed countries. Obesity is a direct temptations of modern civilization and a major challenge for a community where food is plentiful. This fact increases the responsibility of each individual and placed before him the obligation to recognize the causes of obesity, so that, by changing their behavior, could reduce the burden involved with obesity.

Najčešći maligni tumori kože epidermoidnog porekla su bazocelularni (BCK) i skvamocelularni (SCK) karcinom. U 90 % slučajeva nastaju na fotoeksponiranim delovima tela i direktno su povezani sa oštećenjima kože nastalim dugotrajnim izlaganjem UV zracima, obično kod osoba starijeg životnog doba i svetle puti. Od njihovih posledica godišnje u svetu umre 65000 ljudi. Najvažnija karika u sprečavanju nastanka ovih tumora jeste prevencija, dok njihovo rano prepoznavanje omogućava adekvatniji hirurški tretman sa poštedom okolnog tkiva. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje histopatoloških i kliničko-morfoloških karakteristika BCK i SCK kože glave. Analizom je obuhvaćeno 439 karcinoma (297 (67,7%) BCK, 126 (28,7 %) SCK i 16 (3,6%) BCK+SCK), među kojima je preko 60% dijagnostikovano kod muškaraca, najčešće u sedmoj i osmoj deceniji života, sa najvećom učestalošću BCK na nosu, odnosno na koži gornje polovine kože lica i SCK na usnama, odnosno na koži donje polovine kože lica. Svi karcinomi kože glave bili su češći na desnoj strani. Klinički i morfološki, najveći broj BCK manifestovao se ulceroznim oblikom prosečne veličine 1,2cm i mešanim histološkim tipom, a SCK vegetantnim oblikom prosečne veličine 1,55cm i histološki gradusom I. Najveći broj BCK i SCK bio je odstranjen u celini, za razliku od kombinacije ova dva tumora u kojima je u većini slučajeva bila neophodna i naknadna hirurška intervencija.

Necrotizing otitis externa, also known as malignant type of the inflammatory process, represents an infection of the skin of external hearing canal, a fast development of tissue necrosis and infection spreading to the surrounding structures. Basic clinical characteristics are: strong earache, leaking from ear, granulation findings at the bottom of the hearing canal, the disorder of hearing function and a potential possibility of complications (paralysis of facial nerve, intracranial infections). Mycrobiologically the most present bacerium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other microorganisms that can be isolated are Aspergillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Candida parapsilosis. The disease is more common in patients with general diseases, mostly of metabolic nature (diabetes mellitus). The approach to diagnosis and therapy is usually urgent in order to prevent the development of serious complications. This paper shows the results of the analysis of clinical process of malignant otitis in 25 patients from the Clinic of ORL and MFS KCS according to the type of the cause and the development of potentially severe and life threatening complications.

During the armed conflict in Kosovo and Metohija, and after it, were killed more than 5 000 people, and according to the International Red Cross Committee in March 2001, 3,338 people were still missing. Until the conclusion of this study, the number of missing persons in Kosovo and Metohia for which the trail is about 1700. This list includes people from all ethnic communities. The primary objective of the forensic investigation is to determine the identity of the missing persons and after that their remains returne to the families, in accordance with Geneva protocols. Experts post-mortem examination after the exhumation determine the cause and manner of death, which indicates a violation of human rights and war crimes.Conclusion. We are facing with reasonable fear that with the passage of time, less interest will be devoted to this issue and the activities on finding and identifying missing persons will completely stop.

Karcinom grlića materice je ozbiljan javno zdravstveni problem kako u svetu tako i kod nas. Kontrola karcinoma grlića materice pored prevencije podrazumeva ranu dijagnostiku i lečenje, ali i preciznu registraciju i praćenje obolelih žena. Da bi bila obezbeđena dobra kontrola bolesti, svi ovi delovi sistema moraju funkcionisati paralelno. Cilj rada je sagledavanje osnovnih deskriptivno-epidemioloških karakteristika obolelih i umrlih žena od raka grlića materice u svetu, Evropi i Srbiji. Poseban osvrt i detaljan epidemiološki prikaz usmeren je na područje centralne Srbije za period od 1999. do 2011. godine. U radu je primenjen deskriptivno-epidemiološki metod. Kao izvor podataka korišćeni su podaci Globocan-a (softver za procenu opterećenja bolesti populacije, pokrenut od strane WHO), kao i podaci Registra za rak centralne Srbije za analizirani period. U svetu, broj novoobolelih slučajeva za 2012. g. je 527624 (standardizovana stopa incidencije je 14,0 na 100000 žena). U pogledu mortaliteta, za dotičnu godinu broj umrlih žena je 265653 (standardizovana stopa mortaliteta je 6,8 na 100000 žena). Od karcinoma grlića materice na svaka 2 minuta u svetu umre jedna žena (720 dnevno). U Evropi, ukupan broj novoobolelih žena za 2012. g. je 58348 (11,44 na 100000 žena). Ukupan broj umrlih žena je 24378 (3,75 na 100000 žena). U Srbiji, ukupan broj novoobolelih žena za 2012. g. je 1501 (23,8 na 100000 žena). Ukupan broj umrlih žena je 609 (7,7 na 100000 žena). Pozicija Srbije u Svetu u pogledu obolevanja je 62 (od 182. zemlje), dok je 84. u pogledu mortaliteta, što nas svrstava u gornju polovinu liste svih zemalja u svetu. Prema podacima Registara za rak za centralnu Srbiju, prosečna standardizovana stopa incidencije od 23,9/100000 žena i mortaliteta od 7,2/100000 za period 1999-2011. godine ukazuju na nepovoljnu epidemiološku situaciju ovog malignoma u centralnoj Srbiji. Mada se analizom pomenutog vremenskog intervala registruje blagi pad trenda obolevanja u centralnoj Srbiji (y=27,13-0,47x; p>0,05, otprilike jedan slučaj karcinoma grlića materice na 100000 žena manje za sledeće dve godine). Naprotiv, za isti analizirani period, beleži se porast umiranja (y=7,16+0,01x; p>0,05).

The mos Tooth whitening is a procedure that removes stains and various discolorations of tooth surface. Discoloration of teeth may be endogenous and exogenous nature. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of bleaching combined with daily use of drinks that cause tooth discoloration. Evaluated the changes in surface structure of enamel, and changes in hardness after bleaching. Were 20 extracted teeth. The teeth are marked with longitudinal lines halves (medial vestibular and distal surfaces). Tretitana mesial half of the 16% carbamide peroxide, a distal was left as control. NDT device HL400DL, duroskopskom method of enamel hardness was measured before treatment, after treatment and after remineralization. Olympus inverted microscope GX41 enamel structures were observed in the treated and control half of the tooth. After bleaching there is a difference compared to the untreated surface, that surface is bleached a few shades lighter, but after the use of coffee and soft drinks teeth back to the original dark color. Enamel microhardness after the treatment is somewhat small but not significant. With a magnification of 2000x and see the structural changes in enamel. Tooth whitening, but that the remineralization and the abstinence from prebojenih beverages and tobacco.

The most important characteristic of calcium channels is selective regulation of slow incoming stream of calcium into the cell tissue providing the slow increasement of action potential. Such tissues include smooth muscles of blood vessels, cardiocytes and heart noduses (AV and SA node). Different calcuim antagonists have different effects on previous tissues due to their different chemical formula. Verapamile, Nifedipin and Diltiazem are the most frequently used of all. Their commonest characteristic is blocking the calcium channels causing vasodilatation of blood vessels as well as negative inotropic and chronotropic influence. By blocking the incoming calcium through slow channels of myofibrils of smooth muscles, the antagonists of calcium decrease the quantity of available calcium for contraction which causes vasodilatation. The most famous and most frequently used calcium antagonist is Verapamile. In terms of electrophysiology, Verapamile inhibits action potentials of heart noduses, especially the AV node, where the slow incoming of calcium is the most important for depolarization. Prolongation of the efective refractory period of SA node causes the heart frequency decreasement while prolongation of the effective refractory period of AV node slows down the work of chambers in case of flater and fibrillation of atriums. The molecules of calcium-bonding protein called kalmodulin are located in synaptic endings. Each kalmodulin can bond four calcium ions providing transfer into active calcium-kalmodulin complex which activates the kinase protein. Activated kinase protein starts the exocytosis of neurotransmitters into synaptic gap. Apart from activating kinase protein, calciumkalmodulin complex also starts the activity of calcium pump presynaptic membrane which pumps calcium out of presynaptic ending stopping the further exocytosis of neurotransmitters into synaptic gap. Taking into consideration the fact that opening the calcium channels on membrane of presynaptic ending is necessary to free the neurotransmitter out of the vesicle, the aim of our work is to study whether Verapamile has effects on the membrane of presynaptic endings of sympathetic nervous system checking the level of catecholamine in serum. The experiment was conducted in 6 healthy dogs which were, after 10-minute- infusion (0.9% NaCl), treated with intravenous bolus veramapile injections in three occasions, in every 5 minutes, until the first signs of intoxication had appeared. This caused bradycardia, heart rhythm disorder and blood pressure drop. In order to determine the level of catecholamine, blood was taken sequentially, in every 5 minutes, before the new dose of verapamile was given. Verapamile (given intravenous) significantly decreases the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the serum of dogs.