INTRODUCTION Chronic non-contagious diseases: heart and blood vessel diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes, obstructive pulmonary disease, injuries and poisoning, mental health disorders and others, have dominated the world and our national pathology for decades. Arterial hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the present, which affects in more than 60% of people over the age of 60, and represents a risk factor for infarction, insult, chronic heart failure, renal insufficiency, progressive atherosclerosis and dementia, indicating the importance of hypertension frequency testing in the geriatric population in our country and in the world. OBJECTIVE is to point out the specificity, the high frequency and the risk of hypertension in the geriatric population in our country and in the world. METHODS We analyzed the data and literature in the field of geriatrics, internal medicine, neurology, public health, social medicine and health statistics in the part dealing with the protection of the health of the elderly in our country and in the world. The research was conducted through the analysis of previous scientific research obtained from the literature and the search of electronic databases in accordance with the areas defined in the aim of the work. Using the analytical observational method, all necessary data on this topic were collected, recorded and analyzed. A systematic review of the literature in the researched area was carried out, with the aim of reviewing the methodological characteristics of published studies in the mentioned area. Relevant papers based on this search were collected in full text. Data were extracted from such works, analyzed and presented in this paper. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of elderly mortality, and it is believed that by removing it in people over the age of 65, the life expectancy would be prolonged for 16 years. The results of some studies show that a third of patients over the age of 65 have isolated systolic hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for apoplexy. In developed countries, the geriatric population is on the rise and reaches more than 30% of the general population, and cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases and causes of mortality in this population. Studies have shown that the incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events is doubled in patients over 65 years of life with hypertension. Only two groups of diseases, heart and blood vessels diseases and malignant tumors, account for over half of all causes of death. In the Republic of Serbia, in 2021 the population aged 65 and over accounted for 21.28% of the population, while the percentage representation of very old people, over 85 years of age, is constantly increasing. Observed since 2002, more than 100,000 people die annually in Serbia from all causes of death, and almost every second resident of Serbia dies from diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The burden of diseases of the circulatory system or diseases of the heart and blood vessels is on the rise globally, and in recent years in Serbia, on average, 55% of people who have died are victims of one of the diseases from this group. The most common diagnosis within the group of diseases of the cardiovascular system is essential arterial hypertension. The most common causes of death in 2021 belong to the following groups of diseases (according to ICD-10 - International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization): Diseases of the circulatory system 41.4%; Tumors 15.1%; Diseases of the respiratory system 5.3%; Diseases of glands with internal secretion, nutrition and metabolism 2.6%. Diseases of the heart, blood vessels and malignant tumors accounted for over half (55.7%) of all causes of death in 2021 in Serbia. As many as 41.4% of all deaths were the result of dying from diseases of the circulatory system, and every sixth person who died (15.1%) was a victim of a malignant tumor. Studies have shown that in patients over 65 years of age with hypertension, the frequency of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular events is twice as high. CONCLUSION Hypertension is very common in elderly and is a growing problem for them, their family and entire community, as it significantly affects the quality of their lives. The number of elderly in general population is increasing and a growing number of them is with hypertension. Successful prevention can significantly affect the reduction in the incidence of this disease in the population of elderly, which would certainly be one of the priority tasks in improving their health and quality of life.

Aortic dissection (AD) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are both serious and life-threatening conditions that rarely occur concomitantly. We report a case of a male patient with chronic aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism and decompensated cardiomyopathy with focus on the usage of computed tomography (CT) to ensure timely diagnosis and improve patient management. Case report: Aortic dissection (AD) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are both serious and life-threatening conditions that rarely occur concomitantly. We report a case of a 55-year-old man who was admitted to Coronary care unit due to pulmonary embolism and aortic dissection of abdominal aorta. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of correct aortic dissection diagnosis and management, as well as the rare but possible association between aortic dissection and pulmonary embolism.

Fournier's gangrene is a progressive necrotizing bacterial dermo-hypodermitis of the perineum and external genitalia. It represents a secondary polymicrobial infection with an aerobic and anaerobic group of bacteria, which have a synergistic effect in the development of this disease. Fournier's gangrene is an urgent, potentially life-threatening, medical condition that requires a multimodal approach: surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue, resuscitation of the patient, and the application of a broad spectrum of antibiotic therapy. We present the case of a 45-year-old male, referred to our department due to pain and swelling of the perineal region and scrotum, in the initial stage of Fournier's gangrene. The patient was hospitalized, a surgical incision and drainage of the areas affected by gangrene were made, and he underwent surgical treatment of the wound and intensive suppurative therapy for 23 days. After 23 days of hospitalization, the patient was discharged for home treatment with prior suturing of the incisional wounds, with an orderly local status and good general condition. Timely incision, debridement and application of intensive therapy in a condition such as Fournier's gangrene is of crucial importance. In this way, the possibility of potential complications, the progression of local to systemic disease, as well as the percentage of fatal outcome, is reduced.

INTRODUCTION: The corona virus desease has led to numerous changes in all aspects of our lives. The educational system through numerous innovative learning methods managed the smooth conduct of distance learning. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to examine the attitudes of medical and dental students about quality and effectiveness of online versus traditional teaching, in the course of Hystology and Embriology during the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The research was conducted online, with the help of a questionnaire designed on the Google Forms platform. The cross-sectional study included second-year students of medicine and dentistry at the Faculty of Medicine in Priština -Kosovska Mitrovica, who during the 2020/21 academic year followed online and classical classes in the subject Histology and Embryology. The results were processed using descriptive statistical methods and appropriate tests for testing the hypothesis about the significance of the difference between two, three or more samples. RESULTS: Out of the total number of surveyed students (n=60), 95% of students attended traditional classes, 88.3% of students attended classes via Zoom platform, while 85% of respondents used Moodle platform. The highest percentage of very satisfied (38.3%) and satisfied (51.6%) students was with traditional teaching. The percentage of available lecturers during online classes is 73.3%, and 76.7% during tradicional teaching. 75% of students believe that tradicional teaching can not be replaced by online teaching method. 68% of students used the literature and available presentations on the Moodle platform to prepare for the exam. A significant correlation was found in the case of satisfaction with the grade and the achieved success in the exam (p=0,001). CONCLUSION: The results of our research show that students preferred traditional over online teaching, which makes traditional teaching a primary and irreplaceable form of education.

This research paper presents a scientometric analysis of wedge resection research productivity. The study aims to evaluate the evolution and different types of literature on wedge resection, identify the principal countries, institutions, and sources that have contributed to publications on wedge resection, track the increase of literature on wedge resection citations each year, and determine the most frequently discussed topics in wedge resection research publications. To achieve these objectives, the study utilized a scientometric approach that involved a systematic analysis of existing research on wedge resection and productivity, with a focus on the application of scientometric methods. The results of the analysis provide a comprehensive examination of wedge resection productivity, which can be used to guide future research in the field. The study demonstrates the potential of scientometric methods in examining research output and productivity in various fields, including wedge resection. Overall, this research paper provides valuable insights into wedge resection productivity that can inform future research and decision-making in the field.

Obesity is one of the most common chronic, non-infectious diseases in the world and our country, and it is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body and an increase in body weight. The increase in the number of obese people is an important global health problem. Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidities, and may also affect years of healthy life and reduce life expectancy. Numerous factors, such as biological predisposition, socioeconomic factors and environmental factors, interact and influence the development and maintenance of obesity. Excess adipose tissue in the body and its dysfunction is associated with inflammation and increased risk of metabolic, mechanical and mental complications. It is very important to monitor the incidence of obesity and its impact on the development of chronic non-communicable diseases and life expectancy due to the development and implementation of strategies to prevent the increase in the number of obese people.

Cor triatriatum is a rare condition. It comprises around 0.1% to 0.4% of all congenital heart malformations. There are two types of this anomaly: cor triatriatum sinister (CTS), which is more common and accounts for 92% of all cases, and cor triatriatum dexter (CTD). This condition usually presents at an early age and is diagnosed mainly during early childhood. In some patients, who have less severe cases of CTS, diagnosis could be made in adulthood. We report an unusual case of a 78-year-old woman who was diagnosed with CTS for the first time. The patient was admitted to the cardiology department with symptoms of chest pain and dyspnoea. Physical examination revealed diffusely diminished breath sounds, with focal wheezing, and irregular heart rate, with no murmurs, while blood pressure was 140/90 mmHg. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an accessory membrane in the left atria suggestive of CTS.

In article is discussed, from the viewpoint of anatomist, the absence of a "standard" anatomical terminology in Serbian language and the consequences of this fact. After a short overview of the history of the anatomical terminology in the world, the importance of standard anatomical terminology in communication and accurate data exchange in medicine are highlighted. Brief history and the difficulties in the development of anatomical terminology in the Serbian language are presented, and the important role of linguists in its preparation is emphasized. Finally, the reasons why it is necessary to establish a standard anatomical terminology in the Serbian language are given. These reasons are: 1. During the study of anatomy, students encounter new concepts for the first time, which are best explained to beginners in Serbian language; 2. in order to facilitate learning, it is important that texts in anatomy textbooks and from various branches of medicine do not contain different names for the same structures; 3. for entering data into the computers that are now widely used, it is very often necessary to enter the specific terms correctly; 4. general literacy and standardization of professional language should not be neglected, while preserving traditional expressions that patients should also understand; 5. creating a unique terminology avoids arbitrary creation and use of names; 6. finally, the future anatomical terminology in the Serbian language can also serve as an aid to translators in translating to and from Serbian.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2. The primary receptor for the virus is most likely Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the virus enters the body by infecting epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. Through the activation of Toll Like Receptors (TLRs), epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The pathophysiology of the COVID 19 is primarily attributed to the hyperactivation of host's immune system due to direct damage to the cells, with consequent release of proinflammatory substances, but also due to the activation of the innate immune response through the activation of alveolar macrophages and dendrite cells (DC). A strong proinflammatory reaction causes damage to alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelium. Respiratory epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and DC are likely to be the most important cells involved in the innate immune response to the virus, since prolonged and excessive SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of these cells leads to the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that massively attract leukocytes and monocytes to the lungs and cause lung damage.

Introduction. Children born prematurely have an increased risk of immediate medical complications, as well as socioemotional, cognitive, linguistic and sensory processing disorders later in life. Studies have examined the effects of prematurity on developmental outcomes, such as cognition, however, there is a need for a more detailed examination of sensory processing disorders in preterm infants. Not only is prenatal neurosensory development interrupted in utero, but these children may also experience intense stimulation in the neonatal unit, which can further alter the development and function of the sensory system. Objective. The paper presents an overview of research on sensory processing disorders in premature infants, with special emphasis on the impact of the environment of the neonatal unit. Method. Insight into the relevant literature was performed by specialized search engines on the Internet and insight into the electronic database. Results. Sensory processing disorders affect 39% to 52% of newborns born prematurely, with some evidence to suggest that children born before 32 weeks are most at risk. The literature to date has consistently reported difficulties in sensory modulation of preterm infants, within the tactile, vestibular, auditory, oral, and visual domains. Conclusion. Sensory processing disorders in preterm infants appear to occur as a result of their immature neurological and biological system and being in the environment of a neonatal intensive care unit, which is unable to meet the sensory needs of preterm infants. Altered sensory experiences, during periods of neurodevelopmental vulnerability and fragility, can result in sensory processing disorders, which may include enhanced responses or less response to stimuli (hyper or hyposensitivity).