Praxis Medica
Sign in
Issue image

More articles from Volume 51, Issue 3, 2022

Anatomical and morphological characteristics of the appendix in acute appendicitis

Coronary sinus, microanatomical study

Analysis of the characteristics of traffic trauma

Understanding wedge resection research productivity with visualization: A scientometric attitude

Prevention of micronutrient deficiencies in the elderly

Coronary sinus, microanatomical study

Ema Bexheti ,
Ema Bexheti
View authors publications

Search this author on:

PubMed | Google Scholar
Emilija Novaković ,
Emilija Novaković
View authors publications

Search this author on:

PubMed | Google Scholar
Zdravko Vitošević ,
Zdravko Vitošević
View authors publications

Search this author on:

PubMed | Google Scholar
Milan Milisavljević
Milan Milisavljević

University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

View authors publications

Search this author on:

PubMed | Google Scholar

Published: 01.12.2021.

Volume 51, Issue 3 (2022)

pp. 13-18;

https://doi.org/10.5937/pramed2204013b

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Complete appreciation of the cardiac venous system requires an understanding of its embryological basis, its usual patterns of distribution, and its common variations. AIM: The aim of our study was to improve our understanding of the coronary sinus morphometrical and topographical anatomy. METHODS: The investigations were carried out on 25 human hearts (from 11 male and 14 female persons of mean age 59.5; range: 40 to 75 years). The classic anatomical technique of microdissection (using neurosurgical microinstruments) was performed under the stereoscopic microscope on 10 specimens injected with a 10% formaldehyde solution. The arteries and veins of an additional 15 hearts were injected with methylmethacrylate and immersed in a 40% solution of NaOH for corrosion. Following washing out and drying, the obtained vascular casts were examined and measured. RESULTS: Coronary sinus (CS) extends from the opening of the oblique vein of the left atrium into the great cardiac vein, to its empty orifice into the right atrium. The length of CS varied between 22.4 and 41.4 mm (mean 33.0 ± 6.1 mm). The diameter of CS at its beginning was 5.0 - 9.6 mm (mean 6.6 ± 1.3 mm), and its diameter at its atrial mouth varied from 6.6 - 12.0 mm (mean 8.4 ± 1.6 mm). The CS had varied relationships to the branches of the left or right coronary arteries. It extended superficial and above the artery in 16 (64%) hearts, and close superficial to the artery in 9 (36%) cases. Duplication of the superior vena cava associated with an aberrant left hepatic vein was found in one case. The persistent left superior vena cava, which drained into the right atrium via the enlarged coronary sinus, was formed by the persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the coronary sinus, created in an early stage of embryological development, is an important collecting vessel receiving the main veins of the heart.

References

1.
sar MM. Klinička anatomija čoveka. 2004.
2.
Loukas M, Bilinsky S, Bilinsky E, El‐Sedfy A, Anderson RH. Cardiac veins: A review of the literature. Vol. 22, Clinical Anatomy. 2009. p. 129–45.
3.
Cikirikcioglu M, Cherian S, Štimec B. Morphologic and angiographic analysis to assess the safety of a mitral annuloplasty ring. Vol. 20. 2011. p. 199–204.
4.
Sadler TW. Cardiovascular system. In 2006. p. 159–94.
5.
von Lüdinghausen M. The Venous Drainage of the Human Myocardium. Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology. 2003.
6.
Zabina B. Morphological and Morphometric Study of Coronary Sinus in North Indian Population. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH.
7.
Bhatti S, Hakeem A, Ahmad U, Malik M, Kosolcharoen P, Su Min Chang. Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with anomalous left hepatic vein drainage into the right atrium: role of imaging and clinical relevance. Vol. 12, Vascular Medicine. 2007. p. 319–24.
8.
Gruttadauria S, Pagano D, Cintorino D, Burgio G, Echeverri GJ, Miraglia R, et al. Unusual Presentation of Left Hepatic Vein in Deceased Donor: Case Report. Vol. 42, Transplantation Proceedings. 2010. p. 3865–7.
9.
Ricci M, Rosenkranz ER. Hepatic venous anomalies complicating total cavopulmonary connecetion. Vol. 28. 2001. p. 328–30.
10.
Yagel S, Kivilevitch Z, Cohen SM, Valsky DV, Messing B, Shen O, et al. The fetal venous system, Part II: ultrasound evaluation of the fetus with congenital venous system malformation or developing circulatory compromise. Vol. 36, Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2010. p. 93–111.
11.
Azuma C, Tohno Y, Tohno S, Moriwake Y, Utsumi M, Yamada M. Persistent left hepatic venous connection with the right atrium and the ductus venosus. Vol. 77, Anatomical Science International. 2002. p. 124–7.
12.
Stoller JK, Hoffman RM, White RD. Anomalous hepatic venous drainage into the left atrium: an unusual cause of hypoxemia. Vol. 48. 2003. p. 58–62.
13.
Masuko S, Inoue K. A case of the double superior venae cavae and an anomalous left hepatic vein opening directly into the right atrium. Vol. 57. 1982. p. 169–74.
14.
Yamanaka J, Imamura M, Kuroda N, Hirano T, Fujimoto J. Hepatic venoplasty to overcome outflow block in living related liver transplantation. Vol. 39, Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2004. p. 1128–9.

Citation

Copyright

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Article metrics

Google scholar: See link

The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Most read articles

Indexed by
DOAJ
Google Scholar
ERIHPLUS
MIAR I
Crossref