In neurophysiology the concept of lateralization of brain hemisphere functions is related to the existence of differences in their functioning. The aim of the research was to determine for the right-handed females whether there is a connection between the degree of lateralization of brain hemispheres and the variables of cognitive potential P300 (latency and amplitude). In 30 study participated 70 girls, age 20-23 years. In the first group where 29 strong expressed right-hand girls, in the second group 30 moderately expressed right hand girls, and in the third group 11 right-hand learned girls. The reserch workers were using the "oddball" paradigm with two tones: "standard" (90dB 1000Hz) and "expected-target" (90dB 2000Hz) for the registration of the P300 potential. The tones were binauraly presented in irregular intervals and irregular order. P300 evoked potentials were registered above Fz and Cz area. Results showed the cognitive P300 wave latency to be significantly shorter when responding with dominant hand in first group. P300 wave latency in girls from second group was a shorter with engagement of the right hand. Cognitive P300 potentials above the FZ and Cz regions àt the first group have a significantly shorter latency compared to the average latency of potentials registered in girls from second group. Cognitive P300 amplitude waves are higher above central regions independently of the hand used.

Doxorubicin is the most frequently used anthracycline antibiotic that expresses significant toxicity. Among all side  effects, hematological are the most common, while cardiac side effects are the most serious and the most important. The aim of this study was to investigate whether doxorubicin containing combined chemotherapy used in treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), influences electrical activity of the myocardium and left ventricular function in affected children. Experimental group consisted of 20 children with newly diagnosed ALL treated according to protocol YU ALL 95, while the control group consisted of 20 healthy children. Electrocardiograms (ECG) at rest were taken and analyzed, and corrected QT intervals (QTc) calculated. All children had echocardiograms (ECHO) including fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). Electrocardiograms, FS and EF were normal in all subjects, and were similar in both groups.

Myenteric nervous plexus is from rare importance for function of gastrointestinal tract. It perform one regulatory level autonomic nervous system which is situated within wall of digestive tract wherefore is directly exposed effect pathogenetic factors from extern ambiance. Aim of these study is that itself within terminal part of large intestine (sigmoid colon and rectum) particulary inquest myentric nervous plexus as part of autonomic nervous system. That itself describe shape and arrangement of ganglion structures, as well as, shape and arrangement of ganglion cells of myenteric nervous plexus. Within our researches we use totally 60 tissue samples of human sigmoid colon and rectum. From anterior wall those part of large intestine was taken 30 samples, also and same number of samples towards parts of posterior wall. Proximately past getting samples was determine their volume by using picnometre. Afterwards are made preparations coloured by He, Cresyl - violet and AgNO methods. Tissue samples are sliced within step - shared series of incisions with thickness slice by 7µm and 3 thickness grade by 50µm. Stereologycal analysis was perform by test system M42 which is calibrated on enlarge objective 40x. During analysis was determined absolute volume of ganglion structures of myenteric plexus and absolute number of ganglion cells inside of ganglion structures. Structures of myenteric nervous plexus being shown on longitudinal cross - section of tissues as flat, irregular ramify structure explicitly limited from surrounding smooth muscles. Immanent is upward trend absolute volume of ganglion structures and absolute number of ganglion cells goes from sigmoid colon according to ampullar part of rectum. Variance on level of significance by p<0,05 are present only if itself compare absolute volume of ganglion structures and absolute number of ganglion cells of myenteric plexus ampullar part of rectum and uppermost part of sigmoid colon. Test correlation shows of being presence high statistic significant (p<0,001) correlation between absolute volume of ganglions and absolute number of ganglion cells of myenteric nervous plexus.

Total happening «en masse» is important to epidemiologist - and so it is «massive manifestation of natural system of the sickness» (PSB). Manifestation "en masse" of the natural system of parotitis N makes quantities of qualities N , N , B b N , N , N etc. a) «Causative connection» (UV) is the reason of sickness appearance. UV has its own causes of appearance, Z neB z and so the hierarchy of cause in the complex happening from subsystem. Nongenotopic or/and entropic causes of appearance of causative bonds (connections) as equilibrium connects and/or separates binary elements of causative bond  (connection). Pathogenic of contagium exists virtually in happening «en masse» in pre pathogenesis, prior to forming «immanent UV». b) Realising conjunction between the subsystems makes appearance of «immanent causative connection». That is a moment from which comes to obligatory demonstration of pathogenic as inner cause of contagium and consequent getting sick. The author concludes that «natural work» is the cause by which UV appears. Natural work is outer cause of massiveness. Just by appearance of "immanent UV" the showing of contagium pathogenic in the subsystem of sickness. The pathogenic of contagium can be proved by artificial experiment and that way the Henle-Koch postulates can be satisfied, It happens that way that input disturbance unable to be shown. Finally, anyway natural happening should pass judgement on authenticity of the theory on natural happening. 

Family planning is a civilizational value that should lead to a reduction of abortions, especially abortion as a method of family planning. Contraception or pregnancy prevention is the most purposeful way of birth control. It includes all the means and methods to a certain point, and certainly before the implantation of blastocyst, they stop the natural process of reproduction. The aim of our study is to analyze the application of some method of contraception among women who had and who had an early abortion in the sample and to analyze the application of some method of contraception in the study group of women and their correlation with the attendance of education in counseling contraceptive after intentional interruption of early pregnancy. A significant change in the use of contraceptive after pregnancy termination, and conducted training in family planning, is that the increased incidence of permanent contraceptive methods, compared to their occasional use.

The middle of last century it was established that the increased value registered fibrinogen in patients with coronary disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibrinogen also participate in the earliest stages of atherosclerosis.Task of our research was to compare the level of fibrinogen in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications, and manifested in patients with apparent chronic complications as well as the correlation of fibrinogen with the parameters of metabolic control. Included 64 respondents, a close age divided into 4 groups: control group, people of type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications, people with microvascular complications, and people with macrovascular complications.The highest average value of fibrinogen in the blood we had in the group with diabetes mellitus without complications (3.47±0.26 g/l) and the lowest mean value in the control group (2.87±0.15 g/l). It is a test of correlation showed a strong correlation with the value of fibrinogen level of development of chronic complications.

The aim of this study was to determine the functional state of the feet of 40 boys aged 12 and 6 moths up to 13 and 6 months and by using the criterion variable of the 500 m run, to carry out a comparative analysis of their running speed. The subjects were divided into three groups: group I which numbered 14 boys with normal feet, group II which numbered 14 boys with high arches (pes excavatus) and group III numbering 12 boys with flat feet (pes planus). The diagnosis of the feet conditions was made following the inspection of the Achilles' tendon and the medial edge of the foot, followed by a plantogram. The statistical analysis of the results from the 500 m run was carried out by means of basic statistics, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Ò criterion used to determine the source of the variability while testing the normality of the distribution. The analysis of the obtained results led us to the conclusion that foot deformities represent a negative factor for the ability to perform the 500m run which is one of the requirements in the battery of tests used in elementary schools. The analysis of variance, ANOVA, has indicated that there are significant differences between the boys in terms of their results for the 500 m run (p=.00). The difference between the average running time of the boys with normal feet and the boys with high arches is not statistically significant, while the differences between the average results of the run for the boys with normal and flat feet, as well as between the boys with high arches and flat feet are statistically significant, which led us to the conclusion that flat feet have a greater negative impact on the running ability than high arches. We can assume that boys with feet deformities (especially the ones with flat feet) will probably be less physically active than boys with high arches, which also leads to their significantly weaker running abilities. 

670 students, of 3rd, 5th and 7th grade, were examined. 50,6% were boys, 526(78,51%) healthy (3<PB<90), that is well nourished students, (257-38,36%) boys and (269-40,15%) girls. There is statistically significant frequency of normally nourished children of 3rd, 5th and 7th grade in comparison to the whole frequency of appearing of the numbered eating disorders (p<0,001). Undernourished (PB) were 18 students (2,68%), 9 boys (1,34%) and 9 girls (1,34%). Malnutrition is statistically the least frequent eating disorder with children of 3rd, 5th and 7th grade. Pre-obese (90<PB<97) were 92 students (13,73%), where 47 were boys (7,01%) and 45 were girls (6,72%). Pre-obesity is statistically the most frequent eating disorder among children of 3rd, 5th and 7th grade (p<0,05). 34 students (5,07%) were diagnosed with obesity, 26 (3,88%) boys and 8 (1,19%) girls. Statistically the obesity appears more often with boys than with girls of the same age (p<0,001). In general the least manifested eating disorder with students of 3rd, 5th and 7th grade, but also in each class separately, is undernourishment, which appears with the same frequency both with boys and girls. Generally the most manifested disorder in nourishment with students of 3rd, 5th and 7th grade, but also in each class separately, is pre-obesity which appears with the same frequency both with boys and girls. The level of obesity is the highest with the students of 3rd grade, and the lowest with the students of 5th grade.

Metabolic syndrome is a common metabolic disorder whose primary feature is abdominal obesity, which is associated with a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose tolerance disorders. The goal was, determine BMI in subjects with metabolic syndrome and people with normal body weight, take anthropometric parameters (waist and hip circumference, and calculate WHR and WSR index) to assess the average degree of nourishment and body fat distribution. The research was conducted in Gracanica Health House. The study group consisted of 130 subjects that met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The control group consisted of 40 randomly selected subjects during medical check-ups. The study group was dominated by female with 83. 08%, followed by 16. 92% of male subjects, with the average age of subjects being 56. 32 years. The average BMI index of the study group was 32. 22 kg/m², which indicates first-degree obesity, while the average BMI index of study group subjects was 24. 67 kg/m², which is within the normal nutrition range. By comparing the average values of anthropometric parameters, we established that the study group subjects had statistically significantly higher average body weight parameters (waist-to-hip ratio p<0,001), while the control group subjects had a higher average of body height (p<0,001). In both, study and control group, male subjects had a normal WHR, which is not the case with women. Therefore, there was a statistically significantly higher number of women with pathological WHR (p<0,001) than of men in both groups. The study group had a statistically significantly higher number of subjects with pathological WHR (p<0,001). The average WSR value (waist/BH) is statistically significantly higher in the control group (p<0,001). Obese individuals had significantly higher values of measured anthropometric intraabdominal fat indicators compared to normally nourished people. 

The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a group of metabolic risk factors causing type 2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular diseases. At the heart of this pathogenic disorder is insulin resistance. The metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by diseases of the gallbladder (chronic inflammations and calculosis). The goal of our study was to observe the changes made on the gallbladder with patients diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome, specifically the presence of calculosis and cholecystitis. The study involved 130 patients with the metabolic syndrome and 40 healthy subjects, all of which were subjected to abdominal ultrasonography. Gallbladder calculosis was found in 36,92% subjects of the study group and 12,50% subjects of the control group, resulting in a statistically considerable difference (p<0,001). The results of our study indicate a significant presence of biliary calculosis as one of the manifestations of the metabolic syndrome on the biliary system.

Febrile seizures are the most common neurological disorder of early childhood. By expressing the characteristics febrile seizures are divided into simple and complex. Our aim was to determine the elektroencephalography characteristics in children who had febrile seizures, and determine the relation between types of febrile seizures correlates with the appearance of epilepsy in children aged 9-11 years. In the group of children studied, 50% had a complex febrile seizures, 42.2% had simple febrile seizures, and 7.8% children had febrile epileptic status. The analysis of EEG findings observed were statistically significant differences in specific changes in the EEG depending on the type of febrile attack that the child would have. In the group of children with simple febrile attacks 92.1% has a normal EEG, 2.6% had a specific, a 5.3% nonspecific finding. For children with complex febrile attack, 44.4% have a specific, and 13.3% of non-specific changes in EEG. Specific changes in the EEG has 28.6% of children who had febrile epileptic status.

Artrosis as degenerative rheumatic discase of joints, which is the most often with older people, and if it is not cured adequotety it brings to the serious defects. The air of warr is to evaluate functional condition of people sick of hip osteoarthrosis by using two standardised questionnaires for the hip osteoarthrosis. Material and methods: The examination included 100 patients with hip osteoarthrosis (73 women and 23 men) whase diagnosis was set on the basis of ACR criteria. The result : In the group of 100 patients (73 women and 27 men) with average old of 58,87 years and average lasting of sickness 8,28 years from which 77 had bilateral representation of hip osteoarthrosis and 23 unilateral representation of hip osteoarthrosis showed these results of funcional tests: a) averagevalne of Womac score is 50,18 (min 13,00 max 77,00) that is in the medium category of funcional disableness, b) average volne of Lequesne score is 14,12 (min 4,00 max 23,40) that shows high degrece of functional of functional disableness. Both questionnaires are mutvally correlated with a higs degree of statistic importance in the whale score (r= 0,454; p< 0,0001) and so in the subsections: pain (r= 0,540; p<0,0001) and physical functional scale r= 0,728; p< 0,0001). The intensity of pain also correlated with time of step and Womac score (r= 0,454; p< 0,0001), and with the lasting of sickness, female sex, and there wasnt statisticaly important coreelation with Lequesne score (r= 0,215; p= 0,08). Radiologic findig correlated with reduction of the moveness amplitudes, the time of step, the lasting of sickness, the of the patient, Womac score (p< 0,05), and it isnt correlated with Lequesne score. The reduction of the moveness of amplitudes is the hips correlated with radiographic presentation, the time of step, Womac and Lequesne score, localization, the age of patients and using of help materials. Conculsion: The valne of both indexes correlate with the usual clinical indications of coxarthrosis progression, and Womac index shows better correlation with radiologic progression of sickness than with Lequesne index.

It is argued that the easy availability and widespread use of highly hazardous organophosphate compounds (OPC) is the most important reason for this high number of poisoning. In this study socio pediatrics aspects of children¢s acute intoxications OPC were investigated.Data collected included age, gender, time, rout of åxposure, place of accident, first aid before admission. Àll were do to accidental event attempted suicide cases. Acute OP poisoning is a the important cause of morbidity and mortality and represent serious condition that needs rapid diagnosis and tretman because. Therapy should be started as early as possible beginning from primary and secondary level so undesirable consequences can be avoided.

Changes in the heart and blood vessels are one of the major complications that substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality of patients with systemic diseases of connective tissue.All anatomical structures of the heart can be affected by pathological process and noted the multiple pathogenic mechanism leading to changes in pericard (thickening of leaves, calcification, pericardial outburst), atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, disorders of implementation, changes in heart failure in terms of whiskered or stenosis, myocardial ischemia and heart failure. The aim was also to test the registration of the most common heart rhythm disorder and implementation as well as changes in the ST segment and T wave of electrocardiogram of patients with systemic diseases of connective tissue. The study involved 70 patients in two groups. The first group was 50 patients with systemic disease of connective tissue, and the second control group of 20 patients with lumbal syndrome. Electrocardiographic changes were observed in 38(54,3%) respondents. Observed by groups of patients with connective tissue diseases were registered in 35 (70%) and in the control group in 3 (15%) patients with a statistically significant difference (p<0,01). Statistically significant difference was noted in the appearance of ventricular premature complex, changes in ST segment and T wave.

The nature of herpes simplex virus as infective agens, which can grow in number, only in live cells, and fact that many herpes virus infections of oral tissue have atypic and asymptomatic course, makes their diagnosis more difficult and complicate from infections caused by other microorganisms. The aim of this investigation were to established cytological findings oral lesions of primary and recurrent herpes infections.

In 2008. 1402 children of 1st,3rd,5th and 7th grade of 18 elementary schools in Serbian enclave of Kosovo Pomoravlje, were examined. This are villages of municipality of Gnjilane, Vitina, Novo Brdo and Kosovska Kamenica. I general 2816 children attend the elementary school. 932 of all examined children had a deformity, every ten had kyphosis, and every 8-10 had scoliosis. Every 5th child of 1st grade and every 6th child of 3rd grade had anemia. Some kind of flat-footed (pedes pllani) had every fifth to every third child. Only every tenth child was fat. 

Skin cancer is the most common form of human cancer. The annual rates of all forms of skin cancer are increasing each year, representing a growing public health problem. The two most common form of skin cancer are basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, well known as nonmelanoma skin cancer. Treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer depends on the type and location of the skin cancer as well as the age and general health of the patient. Surgical excision is the most common metod in the treatment of basal and squamous cell carcinoma. One of disadvantages of simple surgical excision is incomplete margin control. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the influence of the size of the tumor and intraoperative surgical margin on the rate of complete excisions of skin cancer. A total of 64 basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas were excised and analyzed. Data pertaining to patient age, sex, lesion size and margin of excision were collected prospectively. After excision, all tumors specimens were histopathology confirmed completeness/ incompleteness of tumor excision. Tumor size ranged from 5mm to 36mm. Surgical margins were used in the range of 5-12mm. Skvamocelularni carcinomas were incompletely removed in 4.2%, and basal cell carcinomas in 10% of cases within the histopathological groups. Basal cell carcinomas: surgical margin of 5 mm radically removed 83.3% (up to 1cm); 8mm margin- 86.7% (1-2cm): and 10mm 100% (over 3cm). Squamous cell carcinomas: 10mm surgical margin removed 100% tumors up to 3cm.

Introduction: Approximately 15-23% of the general population have had urticarial rush during their lives. Goal: Examination of the urticarial frequency and urticarial etiopathogenesis among hospitalized patients. Sources and methodology: Retrospective analysis of the data extracted from patients' medical history at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Department for Dermatology and Venereology. Statistical methods used include proportional relations with tabular and graphical representation of the results gathered. Results: Out of 228 hospitalized patients in 2007, total of 28 (or 12.28%) were treated for Urticaria. The disease is more frequent among the following groups of patients: female population (total of 23, or 82.1%); people between 30 and 60 years of age (total of 15, or 53.6%); urban area population (total of 24, or 85.7%); patients with Dg. Urticaria acuta diagnosis (total of 19, or 67.8%); Dg. Oedema Quincke (total of 6, or 21, 4%); et people with cardiovascular diseases (total of 9, or 32.2%). The disease is more frequent in Spring, during the period April-June (11 patients, or 39.3%) with the greatest frequency in May (7 patients, or 25%). According to etiological samples the most prominent types of Urticaria among patients were: idiopathic (13 patients, or 46.4%), due to medications (5 patients, or 17.9%), nutritional origin (4 patients, or 14.3%), psychological factors (3 patients, or 10.7%). Considering complications, 6 patients (21.4%) had Quincke's Oedema, while 7 patients (25%) had allergic reactions to penicillin. Regarding outcome of the disease, total of 23 patients (82.1%) have been successfully cured. Discussion et Conclusion: The greatest number of serious urticarias with complications has been inducted by non-physical factors, mostly of immunological nature, while physically inducted urticaria have had less severe symptoms and required shorter time to cure. Nevertheless, exact causes for most types of urticaria are unknown, so continual research of causes, as well as courses, complications and treatments of this serious disease is necessary.

To show the most common causes of bacteriemia in hospitalized patients, as well as their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The research data were extracted from official reports produced by Microbiological Laboratory in Clinical Centre Kragujevac. Isolation and identification of the causes were performed with standard microbiological methodology. Sensitivity to antimicrobial medication was tested using disc diffusion. Interpretation and inhibition zones of antibiogram were done in accordance with guidelines of US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A descriptive epidemiological approach was used in the research. The collected data were processed using the appropriate software application. Amongst the processed samples, a significant presence of Staphylococcus spp. was found (coagulase-negative 35,8% and coagulase positive 11,7%). Over 60% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to meticillin. Enterococcus spp, isolated in 11,7% of all isolates, in more than 50% of cases was sensitive to ampicillin, with approximate isolate vancomycin sensitivity of 90%. The isolated Klebsiellà spp strains produced high degrees of Extended-Spectrum â-Lactamases (ESBL) and showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin, with 100% sensitivity to carbapenem. Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp were less represented (5.8% and 5.4%) but these neither pathogens were exempt to antimicrobial resistance.The research indicated that causes of hospital infections should be continuously monitored. 

Cervix cancer is the second most frequently found cancer in women, after breast cancer and represent one of the biggest problems of modern medicine. The aim of treatment is to determine the frequency of certain premalignant and malignant changes in cervix and the method of its operative treatment. By a retrospective method, 360 women have been operated due to the changes in cervix from 1999-2008 at Obstetrics &Gynecology Clinic of Clinical Center of Montenegro. Out of this number the total of 297 women with premalignant lesions of cervix was found and 63 women at an operable stage of cancer. With premalignant cervix changes the most frequent indication for operation was CIN III - 24.57% of patients. Cervix conization -80.13% is most frequently used as an operable intervention with premalignant changes in cervix. The groups of 40-49 years of age and 50-59 years of age are the ages of patients with most frequently conization done. The most frequent indication to operate malignant cervix was Ca I b. Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy was performed with all patients with operable malignant changes. With an early identification, an adequate evaluation, the treatment, constant and cautious monitoring, almost any cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can be cured. Without the treatment, 30-50% of cervical dysplasia can advance into and invasive cervix cancer. 

Acute viral hepatitis A (HAV) is a benign self-limited disease, which does not become chronical and does not require obligatory hospitalization. It's an intestinal infectious disease with a dominantly fecal-oral way of transmission. Endemic epidemic appearance of this disease on the municipality of Prijedor, with a very high level of incidence, from the sixties of the 20-th century, has put the viral hepatitis among the priority problems of epidemiologic practice. During the period 1965-2007. in Prijedor there were 5707 registered cases of HAV contaminated people and three death cases. From 1990 it has been noticed an epidemiologic regression of HAV followed by its complete absence during the period 1997-2007. Studies of reasons of HAV regression have been conducted by a descriptive-epidemiologic method according to sex, age, ethnic affiliation, place of residence, seasonal appearance of disease, and the way of water supply. It has been determined that there is no statistically important differences among contaminated people according to sex, differences in other treated parameters correspond to the data from literature [1,2]. Seroconversion has been proved in 53 persons or 55,2% of tested people. Percentage of sero-positive people was 93,7% among people older than 60 years of age and 79,2% among the refugee population. Based on studies, the epidemiologic regression of HAV from the 90-ties of the 20th century, is explained by the fact that this disease appears in the interepidemic period, that there is a significant collective immunity of population with the HA virus, and the most important, the basic epidemiologic factors which contribute to the spreading of disease have been removed - the majority of population live in the urban and suburban areas where a hygienic water supply has been provided for. Also the customs and habits of population have been significantly changed. 

Organophosphates are famous insecticides which are often used as suicide venoms in Bitola's surrounding. When treating such patients you should gastric washing, keep the airways clear, give Atropin until fully atropinized, give symptomatic therapy. All patients need to be hospitalized. The treatment for this kind of patients is finalized with a psichyatric observation.

A survey was made among the employees of the Health Centre Novi Sad. It included 237 people, of which 99.6% were health workers and 0.4% administrative workers. Among the respondents 8.4% occupied a managing post. The questionnaire included the issues relating to the satisfaction of the employees with working conditions, work-associated fatigue, comparison of the job satisfaction five years ago and now, plans for the next five years, and overall job satisfaction. Based on the answers of the respondents it comes out that only 36.3% of the health workers are satisfied and very satisfied with their jobs, which is a very small percentage regarding the nature of the work they do. However, 42.2% of health workers plan to remain in the public sector in the next five years, and 41.8% do not even think about changing the job. This was logical to expect bearing in mind the material position of the health care and overall economic situation in the society. 

Theoretical principle of computerized tomography was set by Czech mathematician J. Radon in 1917.The development of computerized tomography is connected with the name of A.M Cormack who, in 1963, started with the research directed at X-ray beam intensity measurement after passing through certain substance.First computerized tomography appartus was installed in Atkinson-Morley hospital in October in 1971 in London. Computerized tomography is based on making transverse(axial) cross-section of body parts,by X-ray beam passing through visible body part and by measurement of X-ray absorption degree using detectors. A cross-section picture of certain body part is obtained on a monitor as a final result of CT examination. A system of picture digitalisation and application of grey scale concept is particularly complex. Basic elements of CT are gentry, patient's bed, high-voltage generator, working and computer console, system for transferring picture on a film or other electronic media. Densimetric tissue values can be measured on the obtained CT picture. A change can be isodense, hypodense or hyperdense. Density change is expressed in Hounsfield units. Contrasting remedies can be applied, during CT, intracanalicular or intravenous. A better quality survey of changes increasing tissue density is obtained using them. CT application is indicated in diseases such as:neurocranium, visceral cranium, spinal column, thorax, abdomen, skeletal, joint and muscular system. X-ray side effects and precaution risks are being described in the text.

Leptin was discovered in 1994, finding, that marked the beginning of a new understanding about white adipose tissue. Up to end of 20th century this tissue was viewed as an inert tissue, devoted to body protection from heat loss and to passively store energy. This static vision, changed with identification of the product of the gene obese (ob) wich accentuated the role of adipose tissue in the physiopathology of obesity-linked diseases, and led to the discovery of various adipokines, many of a pro-inflammatory nature. With emerged knowledge of (WAT)-derived adipokines, it is obvious that they can be now considered as the bond between obesity-related environmental causes, such as nutrition and lifestyle, and the biochemical shifts that lead to metabolic syndrome, inflammatory and/or autoimmune conditions, and rheumatic diseases. This paper deals with reviews of recent adipokine research, with particular emphasis to the role of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin in chondrocyte function and skeleton, as well as in inflammatory and degenerative cartilage joint diseases.

Bronchial asthma is the syndrome, characterized with chronic inflammation, hyperreactivity and obstruction of the respiratory pathways, accompanied with consequential symptoms and remodeling of the respiratory pathways. Application of inhaled corticosteroids accompanied with appropriate education of patients, significantly improve therapeutic treatment and outcome of the asthma. But, improvement of the lung function and patients subjective state is remarkable better yif inhaled corticosteroids are combined with adrenergic â2 agonists, than if the dose of inhaled corticosteroids is increased. So, according to Global initiative for asthma and clinical results long acting adrenergic â2 agonists in combination with inhaled corticosteroids are most efficient in asthma treatment and establishment and conservation of bronchial asthma control. 

In this paper the role of personal computers (PC) in radiology was emphasised. PC have important role in medial image generation, in digital RTG, ultrasonography, endoscopy, tomography (CT, MR, PET). We emphasised the importance of PC in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) and image postprocessing, control and managing of radiology systems and PACS-a (Picture Archiving and Communication System) based on PC for transfer and archiving of medical images.

It is known that arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis has an unfavorable impact of dialysis patients but their exact role in the development of heart failure was not clear enough. The paper presents a patient who is on chronic hemodialysis program is nine years, in which there was a clear clinical symptoms and signs of heart weakness, probably aided by a pronounced flow through arteriovenous fistula. Left ventricular hypertrophy due to volume of arteriovenous fistula, is not the only reason for the emergence of global heart failure.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a slowly progressive dementia characterized by an early onset of visual agnosia, followed by components of Balint's syndrome, Gerstmann's syndrome, and transcortical sensory aphasia. The most striking neuropsychological feature of the syndrome is the dissociation between prominent visuspatial disfunction and relatively preserved memory, personality and insight. PCA is a rare syndrome. Autopsied brains of PCA patients have shown a neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PCA is not just AD with prominent visual deficits but a distinct clinical syndrome. Neuropsychological examination is fundamental for the diagnosis. It is very important to assess visuspatial functions. Here we present a case of slowly progressive dementia with visuspatial disturbances and apraxia but relatively preserved memory functions, personality and insight.

A characteristic hemodynamic pattern has observed in patients with right ventricular infarction, with frequently accompanies inferior left ventricular infarction or rarely occurs in isolated form. The electrocardiogram may provide the first clue that right ventricular involvement is present in the patient with inferior wall myocardial infarction. Most patients with right ventricular infarction have ST- segment elevation in lead V4R (right precordial lead in V4 position). ST segment elevation of 0,1mV or more in anyone or in combination of leads V4R, V5R, and V6R in patients with the clinical picture of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of right ventricular MI.