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PHYSICAL-TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY
Clinic for Radiology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Priština , Kosovska Mitrovica , Kosovo*
Published: 01.12.2009.
Volume 37, Issue 2 (2009)
pp. 129-134;
Abstract
Theoretical principle of computerized tomography was set by Czech mathematician J. Radon in 1917.The development of computerized tomography is connected with the name of A.M Cormack who, in 1963, started with the research directed at X-ray beam intensity measurement after passing through certain substance.First computerized tomography appartus was installed in Atkinson-Morley hospital in October in 1971 in London. Computerized tomography is based on making transverse(axial) cross-section of body parts,by X-ray beam passing through visible body part and by measurement of X-ray absorption degree using detectors. A cross-section picture of certain body part is obtained on a monitor as a final result of CT examination. A system of picture digitalisation and application of grey scale concept is particularly complex. Basic elements of CT are gentry, patient's bed, high-voltage generator, working and computer console, system for transferring picture on a film or other electronic media. Densimetric tissue values can be measured on the obtained CT picture. A change can be isodense, hypodense or hyperdense. Density change is expressed in Hounsfield units. Contrasting remedies can be applied, during CT, intracanalicular or intravenous. A better quality survey of changes increasing tissue density is obtained using them. CT application is indicated in diseases such as:neurocranium, visceral cranium, spinal column, thorax, abdomen, skeletal, joint and muscular system. X-ray side effects and precaution risks are being described in the text.
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