Vital extirpation is microsurgical intervention.Wellknowing of internal morpfology of pulp cavity and with patience, carefull and precise work is possible to extirpate, dilatate and fil in both distal and mesial root of down molars,even if in mesial root exists two canal (buccal and lingual) what is the ruosh aften finding. Vital extirpation is very frequenthy used method in the treatment of multi-root teeth.It is more requested intervention tlak usnal once,but patients mane less visits at the dentist and the results one good enongh. So, one session method isacceptable as from medical point of view but endodontic too.

Doppler ultrasound check-up significantly increases a possibility of initial functioning of arteriovenous fistula. The aim of the study was the preoperative evaluation of vascular system of the extremity for creation of arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis. The examination was organized at Urology and Nephrology Clinic, Clinical Centre "Kragujevac". The examined subjects were 87 patients, 52 (59,8%) male and 35 (40,2%) female, mean age of 61±11,1 years. There were performed the routine biochemical analyses, demographical structure and clinical characteristics (type of anastomosis, fistula placement, arterial blood pressure, lumen size of the artery and vein, measured intraoperatively by Doppler technique). In 72,1% of patients with functioning fistula there was made a terminal-lateral anastomosis, compared to 57,7% of patients with initial non-functioning fistula, there was found a statistically significant difference between the groups p=0,008. Radiocephalic fistula was created in 62,3% of the examined patients with initial functioning , in patients with non-functioning, the distal fistula was created in 38,5% of the examined patients. Regarding the type of the fistula location there was obtained statistically significant difference; p=0,04. There was found a statistically significant difference between the group of patients with initial functioning of arteriovenous and the group without, concerning the intraoperatively measured lumen of the cephalic vein (2±0,29 vs. 2±0,38 mm); p=0,03 (2,1±0,5 vs. 1,8±0,4); p=0,0009. Statistical significance between the groups was also found in the lumen of the cephalic vein verified by the ultrasound (2,1±0,53 vs. 1,8±0,25 mm); p=0,038. Peak of the systolic speed of the radial, corelated to the group of patients with and the group without initial functioning fistula (50 ± 12,42 vs. 40 ± 6,9 cm/sec); (p=0,0026), has statistically significant value. By the correlation of the group of patients with initial functioning and the group of patients without initial functioning, regarding hemoglobin (97 ± 16,1 vs. 88 ± 18,3 g/l); p=0,006 and the level of urea (22,6 ± 12,7 vs. 23,9 ± 9,8); p=0,02, there was found a statistically significant difference. Color Doppler ultrasound has an important role in preoperative evaluation of blood vessels and it represents a meaningful predictive parameter of functioning of arteriovenous fistula. 

Biological equality assessments are carried out by means of: a) comparative pharmacokinetic study; b) comparative pharmacodynamic study; c) controlled comparative clinical experimentation; d) comparative in vitro assay (dissolution test). The first method mentioned, i.e. determining the concentration of a drug in the blood of healthy volunteers, is the most accurate and most frequently employed. In this paper, a study conducted on healthy volunteers that displays the possibility of evaluating biological equality using pharmacodynamic variable data, giving the example of such assay of retard tablets of verapamil produced by two different companies, is presented. Taking into account the effects of this drug, biological equivalence was proved by comparing pharmacodynamic variables such as PR interval, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate.

Background: In hernia inguinal regions that are usually on the front wall of the belly may appear epigastric, umbilical and postoperative (incision-ventrale) hernia. Incision (postoperative-ventral) hernia is the kind of hernia that occurs in the area before surgical incision made through the entire thickness of the abdominal wall. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to indicate the frequency incision, epigastric and umbilical hernia, and the validity of some methods used in surgical treatment. Materials and methods: The making of the material used Surgical Clinic KBC Pristina in Gracanica. This prospective study we included 107 (3.43%) patients with hernia abdominal front wall, which were operated in the Surgical Clinic from 2003- 2009th year. Results and discussion: the anterior abdominal wall hernia, are recorded in 48 (44.86%) male patients and in 59 (55.14%) female patients. Age is of great influence on the frequency of anterior abdominal wall hernia, because we have the largest number of hernia 45 (43.14%) recorded in patients older than 61 years. Free hernia we found in 68 (63.55%) and hernia incarcerate of 39 (36.45%) patients. Incision (postoperative) we found a hernia in 44 (41.12%), umbilical in 36 (33.65%) and epigastric of 27 (25.23%) patients. Postoperative hernia is most often occurring after longitudinal laparotomia. We have them registered in 19 (43.18%) patients with infraumbilical, in 10 (22.72%) with supraumbilical, in five (11.36%) with subcostal, with four (9.09%) with transrectal, at two (4.55%) with pararectal laparotomia, in two (4,55%) patients after lumbotomia made with two (4,55%) after Phanensthil incision. The treatment of the anterior abdominal wall hernia in 72 (67.21%) patients, we used prolen net, while in 35 (32.79%) patients made plastic abdominal wall. Drainage was used in 62 (57.94%) operated patients. In 78 (72.90%) patients applied the prophylactic dose of antibiotics, while in 29 (27.10%) patients applied therapeutic dose. The length of treatment of patients who applied prophylactic dose of antibiotics was 2.48 days and length of treatment of patients with therapeutic dose applied was 4.82 days. Prospective studies of patients in the postoperative complications are recorded in four (3.74%) patients. We had wound infection in two (1.87%) and recidive hernia in two (1.87%) patients. Conclusion: This surgical method, when it comes to herniotomia, a direct comparison with the number of postoperative recurrence. Implantation of mesh has found its place and it is a revelation in the resolution of abdominal wall hernia.

Intussusception is a specific type of delay in the bowel passage which according to frequency, clearly takes place in children's abdominal surgical pathology. Most commonly occurs in children during the first year of life and from 6 and 9 months where the 3 diagnosed in boys than girls 2. The incidence is 1-4 per 1000 live-born children. The most common form of invagination is ileocecala (80%), ileocolic, and ileo-ileal colo-colic. Intussusception is most often idiopathic (almost 90%) cases, while in a very small percentage described the existence pathoanathomic substrate (points leaders), which areusually enlarged lymph nodes or Meckel divertikulum. Surgical therapy for these other groups is much more radical. For a period of 6 years (2003-2009), which we cover the work, the children’s surgery of the Health Center Novi Pazar was treated with 22 children diagnosed with invagination (intussusception). Of this number, there were 14 (63.63%) boys, 8 girls (36.36%), and the average number of cases was 4.44 per year. Frequently appeared ileo-cecal and ileo-ileal (90.63%), while colocolic and ileocolic appeared much less (9.09%). The most common clinical symptoms were the presence of fresh blood in the stool, painful cramps and, vomiting who did the dominant clinical presentation in the majority. Following: fever, malaise, and even convulsions. The conclusion is: triad of symptoms (pain, vomiting and blood in the stool in the form "of currant jelly") were pathognomonic diagnosis. The method of choice in the diagnosis and conservative therapy is the initial hydrostatic desinvagination controlled ultrasound.

Planocellular carcinomas grow rapidly infiltrating the surrounding tissues. Because of that approach to the treatment of the patients must be multidisciplinary. A series of 101 patients with tongue and mouth floor carcinoma were analyzed. All were surgically treated in the period 2000. through 2007. The clinically evidenced local spread (cT) is highly correlated to the intraoperatively and patohistologically evidenced spread (pT) ~84%. The degree of correlation falls with increase of the T stage. The clinically evidenced regional spread (cN) and intraoperatively and patohistologically evidenced of regional spread (pN) presented lower in ~57% correlation then corresponding T categories. The study proves that multidisciplinary approach to the patients with oral carcinomas is the base for their proper treatment. 

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic rheumatoid inflammation with characteristic synovitis of sacroiliac joints and vertebrae of spinal column and fewer coxofemoral and glenohumeral and periferal joints. The disease is of an unknown etiology and shows strong correlation with histocompatibile antigene HLA-B27 wich is found in 90% AS diseased patients. Acute anterior uveitis is the most frequent extra-articular manifestation, it can precede spondylitis and is found in at least 20% AS diseased patients. Acute anterior uveitis is mostly bilateral, with recidives and in inadequate treatments results in complicate cataract and secondary glaucoma. Out of 41 patients with ankylosing spondylitis 36 (87.8%) is of male , and 5 (12.1%) female sex (ratio 9:1). The youngest patient was 25 and the oldest 69 years of age, average age of the diseased was 38.45. Acute anterior uvetis is found in 11, that is 26.8% diseased patients. The length of uveitis is approximately 28+/- 10 days. In 7 patients (63.64%) AAU is found in both eyes. Out of 11 patients with with AAU, 3 patients (27.27%) had more than first attack,7 (63.64%) had 1-5 recidives, and only 1 patient had more than 5 recidives. The most frequent type of exudation is serofibrose (77.78%), then follows fibropurulent-hypopyon (16.67%) and serose (5.55%). Out of 18 eyes, in 14 (77.78%) back synechies were formed. However, these synechies are in most cases broken by the use adequate therapy.

We treated 15 subfertile men with varicocele with combination of subinguinal ligature of spermatic vein or plexus pampiniformis and medicaments. In a five-year period , we registered 5 pregnancies (30%) in female partners of our patients. We consider subinguinal ligature of spermatic vein as minimally invasive and cost-effective initial treatment of "infertile couples".

According to the relevant investigations during past decade there is a great increase of malignant skin tumors. By this research we tried to investigate this hypothesis in domestic population and present complicated reconstructive procedure. In this research were included 591 patients with melanomas and carcinomas of head and neck who were surgically treated at our clinic from August 2000. to October 2008. Results of this research showed that 50 patients had melanoma and 541 carcinomas of skin. We have found that men are affected by skin facial carcinomas four times as much as women. The most common location of plano cell carcinoma was the skin of the auricle and lips, while basal cell carcinoma was mostly found on the nose. 62% patients with squamous cell carcinoma who were primary surgically treated survived more than 5 yr. 85% patients with basal cell carcinomas survived more than 5 yr.

Hyperprolactinemia is the most common hypothalamic-pituitary axial disorder which is found in clinical practice. Increased level of prolactin, regardless of the cause, results in disorder of gonadal function and infertility, while normalization of the level of prolactin is associated with establishment of normal gonadal function and fertility. Establishment of the correct diagnosis is a great significance, because it is possible to normalize the level of prolactin and establish normal function of ovaries in more than 90% cases with specific therapy. The objective of the work is to study concentration of prolactin in each phase of menstrual cycle, its impact (influence) on FSH, LH and E2, as well as the influence of hyperprolactinemia on the rhythm of menstrual cycle. The study has encompassed 150 of women in reproductive period, from 18-40 years of age. The control group includes 50 of women, and there are 100 of women with menstrual cycle disorders (oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea) which causes hyperprolactinemia. The turnout of hyperprolactinemia in causes the disorders of menstrual cycle (oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, amenorrhea) is 83%, on the basis of the results, wich demonstrates a serious problem and justifies a scientific study.