NAION is a stroke of the optic nerve. It is acute ischemic disorder of the optic nerve head, which it runs, irreversible loss of vision. Loss of vision in NAION happens suddenly and without pain, usually in morning hours, after waking up.The existence of normal visual acuity does not exclude NAION. The other eye may be affected in a very wide time interval. Results of this stady indicate the importance of a detailed ophthalmologic examination of persons older population, as well as the importance of early intensive therapy during the first weeks of illness. 

Chronic pulmonary heart (HPS) stands for presence of right ventricular hypertrophy with or without right ventricular failure, arising as a consequence of chronic bronchial diseases, lung, pulmonary artery, or severe deformation of the thoracic skeleton. Excludes the pulmonary hypertension as a result of heart disease of left cavities, and congenital heart disease. During the evolution of chronic pulmonary heart, distinguished three stages: a) uncomplicated pneumopathology, b) compensated chronic pulmonary heart and c) decompensated chronic pulmonary heart. Lung ventilation is the process of moving air from the external environment to the alveolar and back, and its ultimate aim is alveolar ventilation space. This process takes place through active action - inspirium and passive - expirium, which causes the lungs to the basic position of rest. The disorders of ventilation lung function can be obstructive and restrictive, and there are often mixed forms with predominantly obstructive or predominantly restrictive pulmonary function disorder. These disorders were particularly expressed in patients with chronic decompensated pulmonary heart, what indicates this work. We studied 40 patients and found low values of vital capacity (VC) and forced exspirium volume in the first second (FEV ), with normal values of 1 Tiffeneau index, which speaks to the fact that respondents with decompensated chronic pulmonary heart have mixed ventilation insufficienty, ìainly restricted type heavy degree. 

Introduction: Delivery with foetus in breech presentation carries a dilemma for obstetrician concerning the method of choice which would be the best for the foetus and the mother. Goal: The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of breech presentation, mode of delivery and the methods of manual assistance concerning the Apgar score of the children at delivery. Method: Study involved all women with a child in breech position who gave birth in the Institute for Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade during the period of six years. Results: Frequency of the breech presentation in the investigated period was 4.5%. In the last three years children in breech presentation are delivered more often by caesarean section (2.7-3.1%) than vaginally (1.6-1.7%). In vaginal deliveries manual assistance by Bracht/Lowset was performed most often- in 70.5%. At the second place is manual assistance by Bracht- in 18, 2%. Feet extraction of the foetus is performed in 4.4% of deliveries. The frequency of Smeli-Veit assistance is 6.7%, while the Forceps was used in 0.3% of cases. High Apgar score from 8-10 have foetuses born using the methods of assistance by Bracht/Lowset and Bracht (83 85%) with high statistical significance in comparison with other three methods of manual assistance (p<0.001). There is no statistical significance concerning Apgar score between the methods of Bracht/Lowset and Bracht (p=0.59). Conclusion: By using the adequate manual assistance which is the least traumatic for the foetus we achieve better postnatal prognosis. 

The pseudoarthrosis is a pathological state of the bone when the refracted bone fragments are not connected by bone callus. The causes for the occurrence of the pseudoarthrosis may be general and lokal.In treatment we were using two methods: the bone plastic and osteosynthesis and compression osteosynthesis by Ilizarov. The aim of this work is the analysis of patients with pseudoarthrosis and results of treatment. The study included 29 patients treated for the past ten years the Department of Orthopedics Health Center Z.C.Kosovska Mitrovica.The most frequently pseudoarthrosis were in humerusu 6 (21%), ulna 6 (21%) and skafoidne bone 6 (21%). The pseudoarthrosis in tibia was treated in 4 (14%) patients, in the femur 3 (10%) patients. 2 (7%) of the patients were operated with diagnosis the medial-maleolus pseudoarthrosis of the tibia fractures and 1 (3%) patient were operated with diagnosis the maleolus pseudoarthrosis of the fibula and of the radius.We were using the treatment methods osteoplastic and osteosynthesis for 28 (97%) patients and one patient was treated with the device by Ilizarov method. Patients were monitored by the clinical way, by the radiographic way ,by laboratory way and by the functional way The average time of the monitoring was ten months .The average time of the healing was the five months. We noticed the one complications only, a lesion of the radius, which is repaired. The pseudoarthrosis is not common, in our material it is 4% of the total number of the operated patients.The most frequently pseudoarthrosis was on humerous 21% (6 patients). By applying the compressive osteosynthesis methods and osteoplastic method we have achieved the completely curring in 89% (26 operated patients). 

Helicobacter pylori infection is the largest number of infected people in the world. It is believed that 50 - 60% of world population infected, but with uneven schedule. Helicobacter pylori is the most important cause of duodenal and gastric ulcer. The prevalence of infection in different communities vary depending on geographic, racial and socioeconomic factors, and the last 10-20 years in some areas can be observed a significant reduction in the frequency of infection in both the general population and among patients with peptic ulcer. In our country, except in the territory of Vojvodina, there was no serious investigation of frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in the general population.

Introduction/Aim. +Gz acceleration is unique dynamic stress to organism. Development of this occurrence depends not only to magnitude of acceleration but to onset rate and duration too (1). The most of former researches pointed to +Gz stress as significant stress to basic physiological mechanisms like cardiovascular and respiratory system. The aim of our study was to examine responses of neuroendocrine and immune system to +Gz stress. Method. Examination was performed in two inbred strains of rats Albino Oxford (AO) and Dark Agouti (DA). AO, n=45 and DA, n=60, male, 9-11 weeks old. Experimental animals were subjected to the Test of linear increase of +Gz acceleration (peak 7G, onset rate 0.1 g/s) at the Institute of aviation medicine of Military Medical Academy. Before examination, animals fasted 24 hours. Control group were rats which did not subjected to +Gz acceleration. After the animals were sacrificed we punctured blood from abdominal aorta to examine plasma and serum and extirpated thymus and spleen to be examined, too. In wish to examine effects of +Gz stress to polarization of Th immune response we determined concentrations of cytokines (IFN-ã and IL-4) in the culture of spleen cells. Results. The level of cytokines in the culture of spleen cells stimulated with Con A, isolated from animals (experimental and control group) 3 and 24 hour after +Gz exposure and level of cytokines determined in supernatants, showed statistical significance as it presented on the graphics. Conclusion. According to our research obtained on animals we can conclude that +Gz acceleration in the early period (after 3 hours) decreased IFN-ã in the culture of spleen cells. AO rats showed difference compared to DA rats in reaction to +Gz stress. AO rats had increase in IL-4 in the culture of spleen cells and higher decrease of IFN-ã and emphasized polarization of Th1/Th2 in course to Th2. After 24 hours of exposure to +Gz stress we observed increase of IFN-ã (DA) and increase of IL-4 (AO).

Event-related potential which represents a large positive wave which varies in amplitude and depends on subject's capability as well as on stimulus modality on which subject needs to react and appears around 300 ms after stimulation is called event related potential P300. In 1965. Sutton and the assistants were the first to suggest division of evocated potentials, according to the stimulus that provoke them, on "exogenous" (under the influence of exogenous stimulus) and "endogenous" or "cognitive" provoked by endogenous stimulus, which depends on the state of consciousness (vigilance), attention, concentration and especially, the type of the task a subject needs to perform during the recording. One of the most studied responses of the event-related potentials is so called "P300", the late positive wave complex which appears around 300 500ms after the stimulus. It is gained when the subjects' attention is focused on the signal which rarely appears, especially if the signal has some emotional or motivational meaning. The aim of this work was to determine whether there was a difference in latency and amplitude of the event related potential P300 when the button is pushed with dominant hand compared with nondominant hand in both males and females. The experiment included 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females). P300 potential was provoked with the auditive "oddball" paradigm. Event-related potencial P300 is recorded with 10-20 system. Cz electrode is set in the middle of nazion-inion line, while Fz electrode is set on the third of nazion-inion line above frontal lobe. In classical "oddball" paradigm, when a subject reacted on the signal by pushing the button with dominant hand, the value of Fz end Cz latency was significantly shorter in comparison to the values of Fz end Cz latency gained by pushing the button with non-dominant hand (left hand) in males, while such differences were not found in females. 

Among all ALS procedures, effective airway management is vital in the treatment of critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-hospital endotracheal intubation and early defibrillation on outcome of cardiac arrest (CA) patients. We examined 200 patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in a prospective cohort study in a two years period. We determined survival from CA to discharge from hospital and the factors associated with survival. We calculated the time intervals until shock decisions were made. Shock decisions were verified according to EKG downloads. 52% of patients were intubated in the field, survival to discharge from hospital was significantly higher among patients who were intubated in the field. Survival rates in patients with VF/VT was 9.7% compared to patients with asystole/PEA (1.6%). 66.7% of patients were given the shock after 4 minutes. Low survival to hospital discharge may be due to low number of CA patients who were intubated in the field and long "interval to shock delivery" (there are no AED). Existing literature shows that the first minutes are a critical time frame for successful resuscitation and this is an argument towards the introduction of AEDs used by bystanders.

Vital extirpation is microsurgical intervention.Wellknowing of internal morpfology of pulp cavity and with patience, carefull and precise work is possible to extirpate, dilatate and fil in both distal and mesial root of down molars,even if in mesial root exists two canal (buccal and lingual) what is the ruosh aften finding. Vital extirpation is very frequenthy used method in the treatment of multi-root teeth.It is more requested intervention tlak usnal once,but patients mane less visits at the dentist and the results one good enongh. So, one session method isacceptable as from medical point of view but endodontic too.

Intussusception is a specific type of delay in the bowel passage which according to frequency, clearly takes place in children's abdominal surgical pathology. Most commonly occurs in children during the first year of life and from 6 and 9 months where the 3 diagnosed in boys than girls 2. The incidence is 1-4 per 1000 live-born children. The most common form of invagination is ileocecala (80%), ileocolic, and ileo-ileal colo-colic. Intussusception is most often idiopathic (almost 90%) cases, while in a very small percentage described the existence pathoanathomic substrate (points leaders), which areusually enlarged lymph nodes or Meckel divertikulum. Surgical therapy for these other groups is much more radical. For a period of 6 years (2003-2009), which we cover the work, the children’s surgery of the Health Center Novi Pazar was treated with 22 children diagnosed with invagination (intussusception). Of this number, there were 14 (63.63%) boys, 8 girls (36.36%), and the average number of cases was 4.44 per year. Frequently appeared ileo-cecal and ileo-ileal (90.63%), while colocolic and ileocolic appeared much less (9.09%). The most common clinical symptoms were the presence of fresh blood in the stool, painful cramps and, vomiting who did the dominant clinical presentation in the majority. Following: fever, malaise, and even convulsions. The conclusion is: triad of symptoms (pain, vomiting and blood in the stool in the form "of currant jelly") were pathognomonic diagnosis. The method of choice in the diagnosis and conservative therapy is the initial hydrostatic desinvagination controlled ultrasound.