Any kind of ocular lens opacification is well known as cataract. Most cataracts are age-related, so called senile cataract. Cataractogenesis as process involves either pathological and natural aging processes. Chronical oxidative stress is considered as primary factor in age-related cataractogenesis. In this study we measured concentration of lipid hydroperoxides, sulfhydril groups (SH) and entire antioxidative capacity,as well as ocular superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in 11 subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and cataract and in 39 nondiabetic subjects with senile cataract. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination before they were surgically treated by phacoemulsifications. 0 During the intervention, aqueous sample in volume 0,2 was aspirated and refrigerated in -20 C and preparated for further biochemical analysis. Parameters of antioxidative power in diabetic subjects with cataract have decreased values (sulfhydril groups and antioxidative potential - FRAP test) in aqueous while one of lipid peroxidation product has increased value (lipid hyperoxide). Aqueous catalase activity in subjects with diabetes and senile cataract is remarkably higher compared with nondiabetic subjects (p<0.0.5). Oxydative stress and antioxidative capacity are well known risk factor in cataractogenesis but in DM 2 patients, oxydative stress is more intensive than in control group.

In the region of the thorax there are ten till twelve ganglia (ganglia thoracica); wich are white; triangle and irregular shape; rarely fusiform (spindle-shaped) or round. In the upper part of the thorax; ganglia are located in front of of the neck of ribs (collum costae); and in the middle part they are in front of head of ribs (caput costae). In the lower parts; they are near the vertebral bodies; therefore both of the trunks are slightly convergent. In this part; there are no branches which connected both sides of the sympathetic trunk. Lipofucin is yellow-brown; autofluorescent pigment; accumulated during aging in the lysosome of postmitotic cells; such as neurons.

Clinical praxis shows that patients with panic disorder have experienced different stressful life events which could be linked with the onset, development, and maintenance of the disorder. The aim of the study was to analyze the life events occurring one year before the onset of the panic attacks. The research has been conducted on the Psychiatry and Neurology Clinic, Clinical-Hospital Center Pristina, Gracanica. The sample consists of 84 patients with panic disorder. The data were obtained using the Questionary NIMH PQ consisting of 11 stressful life situations and a possibility for the participants to add a life event that was not included in the questionary. The standard descriptive and analytic statistic methods have been applied. The results revealed that a majority of patients (88%) have experienced some stressful life event in the period of one year before the first panic attack. The most common life event was change of life space. The second frequency has loss of job, following with death of a family member, disease, traffic accident, and continuing education moving to a different town. It can be concluded that stressful life events can be significant factors for the onset, development and maintenance of panic disorder. 

Dermatoglyphs are epidermal ridges on the volar surfaces of fingers, toes, palms and soles.Their development begins between 6th and 7th gestational week, so that critical stage of ridge differentiation occurs in the first trimester, coinciding with critical phase of embryonal development. The inheritance of epidermal ridge patterns is polygenic, often markedly affected by some environmental factors causing them to be reffered as multifactorial traits. Genetic determination, time of occurrence, stability and high individuality enable dermatoglyphic analysis to give an insight in critical stage of embryogenesis. Unusual dermatoglyphic variables are found to be significant markers in many numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations .Many investigations have proved epidermal ridges configuration analysis as a powerful additional screening method in identification of congenital anomalies, detection and prevention of different genetically caused disturbances.

Type 2 diabetes represents a progressive disease, primarily characterised by impairment of glycoregulation, despite the application of various therapy modalities. The main problem with type 2 diabetes, is progressive impairment of betacell functioning, and impairment of insulin resistance. There is an ongoing pursuit after adequate therapy modalities aiming at preservation of beta-cell function followed by loss of weight and assurance of good glycoregulation. For mentioned reasons, research has been done recently on the functioning of enteropancreatic axis in type 2 diabetes. It has been noted that oral intake of food or glucose leads to higher increase in secretion of insulin in comparison to the intake of the same quantity of glucose intravenously, resulting in assumption that hormone signals from endocrine cells of intestine released by the intake of food represent potent stimulators of insulin secretion. Such role is played by GLP-1 and GIP, GIT peptide hormons which stimulate secretion of insulin and release themselves into blood when stomach himus penetrates into duodenum, that is before glucose from himus is absorbed into internal body media. Persons with type 2 diabetes have got low level of secreted GLP-1 after meal. Chronic administration of GLP-1 agonists leads to reducing glycemia and HbA1c. The potential of GLP-1 agonists to decelerate progressive decay of beta-cells at diabetics is alluring, but insufficiently documented. DPP-IV inhibitors represent complementary approach for provoking incretin effects, by oral intake of pills.

Because of significance of self-rated health as a valid measure of health status it is important to research what influence on individuals when they assess own health.. The aims of the study were to investigate how north Kosovska Mitrovica adults describe their health and to compare results with results from Serbia without Kosovo and Metohija; and to determine which variables are connected with self-rated health status among this population. The research was conducted as crosssectional study, done on the representative sample of adult citizens in northern Kosovska Mitrovica in the year 2006. 318 examinees were examine. The instrument of research was a questionnaire which contained questions about self-rated health and demographic and socio-economic characteristics, mental health, social interaction, capability of daily activities, health behaviour and habits, diseases and injuries, utilization of health care service. Independent variables are defined through fac2 tor analysis taken from these groups of question. For statistic analysis were used X -test and multivariate stepwise linear regression. More than half of the respondents (54,7%) their health assessed as good or very good. Inhabitants of northern Kosovska Mitrovica were significantly often their health assessed as good or verz good than inhabitants of Serbia without Kosovo and Metohija (p<0,05). Self-rated health were connected with foreword variables: gender, mood problems, myocardial infarction, chronic bronchitis, psychic and neurotic disorders, rheumatic arthritis, high blood sugar, utilization of private gynecologist service and paying for diagnostic service. Results from this study correspond with findings from literature. Most of the respondents in north Kosovska Mitrovica assessed their own health as good or very good. Bad and very bad health was significantly associated with females, problems with mood, myocardial infarction, chronic bronchitis, psychic or neurotic disorders, rheumatic arthritis and high blood sugar. Good and very good health was significantly associated with utilization of private gynecologist service and paying for diagnostic service. 

The objective was to determine the type of venom poisoning causes accidental, sex, age, occupation, place where the poisoning and seasonal distribution. The work was carried out comparative analysis of accidental poisoning in Belgrade in two five-year period 1965th to 1969. and since 2000. by 2004. year. The structure accidental poisoning in the first mentioned period dominated by gas poisoning (CO) and alcohol, and in the second period, poisoning psychoactive substances. In both the five-year period were more likely to be poisoned males. In the first study period, were often poisoned persons older age groups, while in the second period there was a shift to younger age groups. Between 1965 and 1969 and were significantly more frequent poisoning among farmers compared to the period 2000-2004, when they are significantly more common poisoning in students and the unemployed. The highest percentage of poisoned in both investigated period, was found in our own home with no signs of life. Accidental poisoning occurred more frequently in the winter months in the first study period, while in the second period seasonality is not expressed.

Renal osteodystrophy is significant medical, economic and social problem. Over 90% of patients receiving chronic dialysis are facing some type of renal osteodystrophy. The objective of the study is to determine correlation between clinical and radiological findings in patients with renal osteodystrophy. Clinical study was performed in 60 adult patients, different sex and ages, receiving chronic dialysis, with developed renal osteodystrophy. All patients were having following symptoms: bone pain, muscle and joint pain. Muscle spasm were registered in 68.3% of patients, while proximal myopathy symptoms were registered in 86.6%.Dominant radiological findings were: subperiosteal resorption in 53.3% of patients, diffuse osteoporosis in 48.3%, rugger jersey in 33.3% and soft tissue calcification in 18.3%. We have registered statistically significant correlation of clinical and radiological findings. With this study we have confirmed that different types of renal osteodystrophy can be determined by comparing radiological, clinical and biochemical findings, especially in cases when bone biopsy cannot be performed.

Objective: To study the clinical profile of patients admitted with polytrauma over a five year period in a general hospital and review the management of abdominal trauma in them. Material and Methods: Medical records of 92 patients were studied retrospectively. The clinical presentation with details of injuries, relevant investigations done and the operative findings were analyzed. Results: Polytrauma was significantnly more common in males than females (P<0.001) and more so in the young age, between 20 and 29 years of age ( P<0.01). Road Traffic Accidents were the predominant cause followed by falls. Surgical operative management was necessary in 38 patients (41%) with abdominal trauma. Overall mortalitety was 4%, that for admitted patients 1% and post-operative mortality 3%. Conclusion: The clinical profile of polytrauma and the management of abdominal trauma in a general hospital are presented. The need for updating the national trauma registry with uniformity in reporting polytrauma in Serbia. 

Cancer diseases of female genital system emerge as a result of continues influence of risk factors and heritage base. Commonly accepted risk factors are viruses, sexual intercourses without protection, early sexual relations- where the contact in the period under age 18 is highly risk, smoking (consumption of tobacco) and promiscuities males. Beside mentioned risk factors, we are exploring whether the life conditions and chronically stress are specific risk factors for isolated community. Serbian community in area of central Kosovo counts around 10.000 women in reproductive and menopausal stage. In the period of last 10 years, this specific community was exposed to the aftermaths of Nato aggression in 1999, meaning bombardment with uranium ammunition, poor conditions, refugee exile and return, chronically stress, period without adequate health protection and permanent feeling of life in hostile environment. The results were catastrophic : 5 invasive carcinomas of cervix in female in postmenopausal (56, 71, 50, 76, 54, years of age), 1 squamocellulare carcinoma of vagina (76 years of age) and one squamocellulare carcinoma of vulvae (57 years of age), both in postmenopausal period. In reproductive stage in 3 female H SIL was diagnosed (36, 42, 31 years of age). In three cases, as result of explorative curettage adeno cancer of endometrium was diagnosed (72, 66, 64 years of age).