In this review paper, metabolism of halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons (chloroform, polychlorinated biphenyls, freons) is shown. They are metabolized similar by mixed function oxidases (reductive or oxidative pathways). Their metabolites are toxic.

Arthrosis (A) are the degenerative-dystrophic disease of the peripheral ankles. Etiology is unknown. The genetic factor and external factors, mostly of a mechanical nature are the crucial ones, however, in the literature more emphasis is put on the infection factor and participation of immunity in the etiology of the patogenesis A. We have treated 42 patients sicked of the gonarthrosis. A majority of them is not , as expected, is in their old age, but between 40-50 old. Out of total number, 12 % has had symptoms of early sinovitis while 17% has had symptoms of reactive synovitis. Early sinovitis is characterized in lymphocytes and plasmocytes, rare neutrophils with no fibrile layers. Reactive (later) sinovitis is characterized by rare neutrophils, crystals of appatite and abundant detritus. It is most probably that an early synovitis has an immunological and later one reactive character.

Acute instable atherosclerotic plate in the basis of the pathophysiology of the acute coronary syndrome and it is divided on two big groups: a) acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation (NONSTEMI) and b) myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI). Clopidogrel belongs to the group of antiaggregation drugs which inhibit ADP receptors and on that way prevent platelets aggregation. The clinical confirmation of the clopidogrel efficiency is confirmed trough 4 big clinical studies: CAPRIE, CURE, COMMIT/CCS 2 and CLARITY-TIMI 28 studies. In CAPRIE study, clopidogrel showed moderate but significant advantage comparing to aspirin in prevention of the secondary ischemic cerebrovascular stroke and myocardial infarction. The results of CURE study showed that doubled combined therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin brought the reduction of the relative risk of cardiovacular events with patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation. The results of this study showed that the group of patients which received clopidogrel beside aspirin and thrombolytic therapy it came to the reduction of the occluded arteries. In COMMIT were also involved the patients with the acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation. Total number of lethal cases of the repeated myocardial infarctions or acute brain stroke was smaller in a group which was receiving clopidogrel beside thrombolytic therapy and aspirine in comparison with the placebo group. The results of CLARITY and COMMIT studies gave us recommendation that patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation which have thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention should receive clopidogrel as well.

Allergic disease are actual pathologic condition in medicine. From this diseases can get ill people of any age, both sex, and the number of patients with allergic diseases rapidly increase in countries of progressive world. This disease are wide - spread, with tendency of increase, and they can have fatal result in extreme cases. Because of high prevalence of morbidity and complications they have, allergic diseases are health problem. According to World allergic organization, more than 40 % of population in world will be atopic. In our environment this diseases are increasing, because of bad ecological condition from one side, and from the other side of genetic influence, and on the top of ladder are allergic diseases of respiratory system. The mayor key process in atopia is continuous and plentiful production of IgE antibody. 

Hyperplasia in goiter may be associated with altered apoptosis thyrocytes. There are numerous techniques for the detection and quantification of apoptosis. Some of them were light microscopy, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, studying the activities of caspase, DNA fragmentation and so on. In patients with multinodular endemic goiter after six months of iodine load, number of apoptotic thyrocytes increased by ten times, Bcl-2 is missing and Bax appeared in thyrocytes. Excess iodine in molecular form causes apoptosis in thyrocytes creating free radicals, mitochondrial damage and release of cytochrome c. Research shows that the level of sFas in the serum of patients with multinodular goiter increased compared to normal controls, it can still point to the reduced expression of Fas protein on the surface of cells that then leads to increased thyroid cell proliferation. Further study of apoptosis in goiter combined morphological and biochemical methods are important for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Endometrial hyperplasia appears like a result of continues, not mortified stimulation of endometrial by estrogenically hormones. Endometrial becomes nub which histological mirrors in endometrial gland multiplication, in smaller amount even endometrial strom. Endometrial polyp represents focal overmuch growth of gland stromas endometrial and its considered a focal endometrial hyperplasia. Therefore we will examine them at the same time. Medical faculty of Prishtina - Kosovska Mitrovica did an analysis of biopsy and operational material in pathology institute in the period from 2005 to 2008 out of 3696 histological proved cases, its recorded that 210 cases have endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyp, which is 5,68%. According histological type the most often seen is endometrii hyperplasia simplex who is spotted in 127 cases (60,48% - D= 0,195; p<0,001), endometrii hyperplasia complex in 19 cases (9,09%), cases where endometrial hyper-plasia and endometrial polyps are united are spotted in 14 cases (6,67%), while endometrii polypus in 50 cases (23,81%). By analysis of all types of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps we came to conclusion that all of these changes are mostly made at the age of 41-50 (60,48%) compared to other ages. (D=0,267; p<0,001). In between all patients the youngest was 22 years old (endometrii hyperplasia simplex) and the oldest 78 years old (endometrii polypus). On the basics of studied values, regression's analysis it's been confirmed that the numbers of cases with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps are growing for 8,6 every year, which points at bigger and bigger problem in the whole pathology.

Even 1000 years BC the famous Persian physician Aviccena describet the first time gangrene diabetes mellitus as a complication. Basic pathohistological substrate vascular complication is atherosclerotic plaqueand therefore is an adequate treatment opf patients with vascular disease is conditioned by timely and precise diagnosis.The introduction of ultrasound technology in clinical practice enabled Edler and Hertz when the shou moves infarction 1954th,a then and Yoshida (1956.) and Sotomura (1959.), Frenklin (1961.) who are using ultrasound display of blood flow in the courts of man. The aim of our study was to deterimne the frequency of occurrences of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries and ultrasound examination of differences in the variability of certain plaques between patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and healthy subjects. The examination was attended by a total of 82 people divided into two group. In first group they are 51 persons suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 in to second control, the number of healthy respondents was 31. Among our respondents, a significantly higher incidence and plaque vulnerability was ina group of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. 

In diabetics fungal skin infections are reported to be related to greatly disturbed metabolism. In order to get better insight into the association between diabetes mellitus and fungal skin infections, we started our study with the aim to assess the effect of metabolic regulation on the incidence of fungal skin infections is diabetics. The obtained results of our study show that in patient with metabolically poorly regulated primary disease i.e. diabetes the incidence of the fungal skin infections is highest (36.0%), its incidence is lower in patients with metabolically satisfactorily regulated diabetes (29.5%) and lowest in those with well regulated diabetes (18.8%), witch is statistically significant difference (p=0.045).

This article aims to promulgate the use of Microsoft Excel, one of the predominant spreadsheet applications, in the calculation of approximate functions by the method of spline polynomial interpolation. Cubic spline functions have demonstrated a remarkable suitability for the analysis of pharmacokinetic data of drugs with non-linear kinetic behavior or an unknown kinetic model, as well as general kinetic analysis, regardless of pharmacokinetic and compartmental models. It should be noted that cubic spline polynomials can be employed in determining a highly significant pharmacokinetic parameter - the area under curve (AUC), especially when the area measurement is not the principal intention, and the data is to be used for further research. Spreadsheet software is exceptionally pertinent to this kind of computation, as it delivers high precision and virtually instantaneous availability of the results. Moreover, this type of software possesses conspicuous flexibility, characterized by a real-time graphical representation and the capability to sustain user-created functions through a macro-language (VBA - Visual Basic for Applications) implemented in the program itself. 

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisistemic disease of an unknown cause characterised by persistens inflammatory synovitis which results in destruction cartilage and bone erosions. RA is a systemic disease with various out of joint manifestations of different clinical importance, among which rheumatoid knots, rheumatoid vasculitis, pleuropulmonal and ophthalmological manifestations are the most prominent ones. The most frequent changes of the eye in patients with RA are keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), episcleritis and scleritis and ulcerous keratitis. Out of 70 examined patients, 52 (74.3%) are female, and 18 (25.7%) of male sex (ratio 4:1), average age 56.47. In 18 (25.71%) RA diseased patients eye changes found are as folows: secondary Sjögren syndrom, that is keratoconjunctvitis sicca in 18.57%, only in female patients, episcleritis nodosa and scleritis in 4.29%; 2.86% in male and 1.43% female patients and ulcerous keratitis in 2.86% RA diseased patients.