Deca i adolescenti koji su u sistemu socijalne zaštite, naročito deca u domskom smeštaju, predstavljaju vulnerabilnu populaciju sklonu mentalnim poremećajima. Zadatak ovog rada je da se procene anksiozni poremećaji dece i adolescenata u domskom smeštaju u okviru sistema socijalne zaštite. Studijom je obuhvaćeno 229 dece uzrasta od 8 do18 godina - 111 dece iz domskog smeštaja i 118 iz opšte populacije. Za procenu, otkrivanje i pretragu anksioznosti i anksioznih poremećaja primenjen je SCARED upitnik. Za obradu podataka korišćeni su deskriptivni statistički metod, Pirsonov x2-test i multivarijabilna regresiona analiza. Dobijeni podaci su statistički obrađeni, a rezultati pokazuju da su kod 41,4% dece i adolescenata iz domskog smeštaja postojali značajni anksiozni simptomi. Deca i adolescenti iz domskog smeštaja, u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, imali su mnogo višu prevalenciju anksioznih simptoma. Multivarijabilna regresiona analiza je pokazala da deca iz domskog smeštaja imaju od 4 do 8 puta veći rizik da razviju neki od anksioznih simptoma u odnosu na adolescente u domskom smeštaju. Prevalencija mentalnih poremećaja u vidu anksioznih simptoma je visoka kod dece i adolescenata koji su u domskom smeštaju sistema socijalne zaštite Republike Srbije u odnosu na decu i adolescente u opštoj populaciji.

Aging as continous biological process, affect all organic systems. Aging is believed to affect the structure and function of the enteric nervous system. Prymary aim these studies is to verify changes in number of neurons in myenteric nervous plexus of human stomach within relation to process of aging. In the course of research played is analysis number of neurons in myenteric nervous plexus of anterior wall stomach. Analysis was performed within 30 tissue samples which are classified into three age groups: (from 20 to 44 years, from 45 to 64 years and over 65 to 84 year old). Played is histological processing and stained with HE, Cresyl-violet, AgNO3 and AChE methods. The morphometric measures operated by morphometric multipurpose test system M42. Finding results are statistically processed by Student-t-test and analysis of variance. Discernible is very heavy loss of neurons of myenteric plexus within the oldest group in relation to younger groups. Applied test show are having statistically notable variance between age groups. In percentage, the loss of neurons in the oldest group in relation to others was from 13,81% to 15,44%.

Copper is an essential element, a constituent of all living cells and an integral component of many enzymes. The increase in pollution of the environment, and various metabolic diseases, imbalances biological processes and homeostatic regulated content of bioelements in the body. For the purpose of determining changes in the contents of bioelements with increased intake of copper, the paper followed by interaction before and after ingestion of copper. The results showed that copper in excess causes disruption of physiological interactions of bioelements in tissues and significantly increases the content of iron and magnesium. The nature and relationships of these interactions are important, because in terms of exposure to metals, there are changes in their mutual relations, with some of these antagonistic relationships may be utilized for further study in order to protect them from toxicity.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisistemic disease of an unknown cause characterised by persistens inflammatory synovitis which results in destruction cartilage and bone erosions. RA is a systemic disease with various out of joint manifestations of different clinical importance, among which rheumatoid knots, rheumatoid vasculitis, pleuropulmonal and ophthalmological manifestations are the most prominent ones. The most frequent changes of the eye in patients with RA are keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), episcleritis and scleritis and ulcerous keratitis. Out of 70 examined patients, 52 (74.3%) are female, and 18 (25.7%) of male sex (ratio 4:1), average age 56.47. In 18 (25.71%) RA diseased patients eye changes found are as folows: secondary Sjögren syndrom, that is keratoconjunctvitis sicca in 18.57%, only in female patients, episcleritis nodosa and scleritis in 4.29%; 2.86% in male and 1.43% female patients and ulcerous keratitis in 2.86% RA diseased patients. 

In our work we analyzed utilisation of antibiotics for systemic use at the Surgical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Centre - Pristina in Gracanica in 2007. and 2008. Data on antibiotic utilization were delivered on the basis of drug dispensing records from the Central Hospital Pharmacy during the two-years period. Antibiotics were distributed inside the ATC/DDD system in accordance with WHO guidelines. Quantitative antibiotics' utilisation was expressed as number of defined daily doses per 100 patient-days (DDDs/100 PD). Overall use of antibiotics in 2007 was 123.37 DDDs/100 PD, and 125.09 DDDs /100 PD in 2008. Three most utilized antibiotics in 2007. were cefuroxime 24.26 DDDs/100 PD (19.66 % of total antibiotics' use), ceftriaxone 16.65 DDDs/100 PD (13.49 %), and cephalexin 15.78 DDDs/100 PD (12.79 %). In 2008. the most utilized were ceftriaxone 23.23 DDDs/100 PD (18.57 %), cefuroxime 22.53 DDDs/100 PD (18.01 %), and co-trimoxazole 19,55 DDDs/100 PD (15.63 %). Qualitative and quantitative part of the consumed antibiotics was mainly in accordance with the results of similar researches in our country.

Introduction: antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical patients is defined as the use of antibiotics to prevented infection of the operating field. Applies in cases where the infection is not clinically manifested. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the prevention of postoperative infection for patient's inguinal hernia. Materials and methods: The making of the material used Surgical Clinic KBC Pristina in Gracanica, which is part of the "preventive use of antibiotics in surgical patients, through follow-up prospective study of 200 patients. The first group (study group-Group I) consisted of 100 patients with inguinal hernia, in which we apply the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Study group was divided into two subgroups: (Group IA), 50 patients with inguinal hernia in which the solution methods with installation of mesh. (Group IB), 50 patients with inguinal hernia where the tension applied in the treatment methods of treatment. In the second group of patients (control group-Group II) with the same number of patients in the postoperative tre- atment are therapeutic dose used antibiotics. Research results: In our study, the prophylactic purposes, we used compound II generation cephalosporine cefuroxime (Nilacef), which are given in intravenous bolus, the induction of anesthesia, in a dose of 1.5 grams. In 100 patients examined groups, we used prophylactic cefuroxime 100 ampoules (Nilacefa) of 1.5 grams, whi- le the treatment of 100 patients in the control group used for therapeutic purpose 894 ampoules of different antibiotics. Pos- toperative wound infection in patients with prophylactic application of antibiotics are not recorded, while we were in the gro- up where the applied dose of antibiotics therapeutics wound infection noted in two (2%) patients. The average number of days of treatment the study group, the postoperative period was 2.81 days, while patients with a therapeutic dose of antibiotics the average number of days was 5.28. Cost of treatment cefuroksim 50 patients, the prophylactic use amounted to 32,460RSD, while the cost of antibiotics applied in the postoperative treatment of the control group, in which we applied the therapeutic dose antibiotic treatment, was 253,961.52 RSD, which is 7.8 times more expensive. Conclusion: The prophylac- tic application of antibiotics reduced the non-critical use of antibiotics, the incidence of infection of the operating field, mor- bidity and mortality due to postoperative infection, the frequency of resistance to antibiotics, antibiotics to minimize the ef- fect of Bacterian normal flora of the patient, changes in the defense system of the patient, and thus the cost of hospital treat- ment of surgical patients.

Strenuous exercises greatly increase oxygen consumption in the whole body, especially in skeletal muscles. Large part of oxygen consumption is reduced to H2O and ATP, but smaller part (2-5%) results in an increased leakage of electrons from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, forming various reactive oxygen species-ROS (02, H2O,iOH). These free ra- dicals are capable of triggering a chain of damaging biochemical and physiological reactions (oxidative stress, lipid peroxi- dation), as a base for skeletal muscles damage after exercise. MDA (malondialdehyde) is a marker of exercise induced lipid peroxidation process. L-ascorbic acid is a major aqueous-phase antioxidant. To estimate antioxidant role of ascorbic acid we use rate between dehydroascorbate and ascorbate. In this paper those markers of lipid peroxidation (MDA, MDA ind, % ind MDA), and ascorbic acid status (ascorbic acid Asc, ascorbat A, dehidroascorbat DHA, DHA/A) were determinated in 30 stu- dents, in rest and after treadmill running protocol (Bruce Treadmill Protocol). It was found that after the treadmill test, plas- ma MDA level had increased from 3,04 to 4,39 M/L (p<0,0001) and % ind MDA decreased significantly from 35% to 24,7% (p=0,0003). Plasma ascorbic acid was also found to be higher after the treadmill test comparing to rest level (from 55,4 to 67,6 μM/L). DHA/A level in rest was 1,62 and after treadmill test it increased to 2,05 (p=0,0014). These results suggests that strenuous exercise increased process of lipid peroxidation (MDA †, % ind MDA), but in the same time incre- ased ascorbic acid level in plasma and DHA/A rate indicates stronger activation of nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system.

Class III malocclusion are complex anomalies of the skeletal and dental systems. The aim of this study is that the sample of 30 untreated orthodontic patients, aged 18-30 years, rendgencephalometrics analysis closer to determine the mor- phological characteristics of this malocclusion. In patients previously clinically diagnosed class III. For this analysis, were used in a number of cephalometrics points on the basis of which the measured angles and planes. The results were compared with the patients with class I malocclusion and they point to the following morphological characteristics of class III maloc- clusion: a smaller cranial base, normognathic and normal size maxilla, prognathic mandible and chin, the greater the total mandibular length, open gonial angle and a larger anterior and lower posterior facial height.
Key words: malocclusion; morphology; cephalometrics

Cutaneus melanoma is the most malignant tumor of the skin. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction or from the nevomelanocytes of atypical melanocytic nevi, that become invasive and metastasize after various time intervals. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique in dermato- venereology that includes the inspection of the lesion with a handheld dermoscope. Dermoscopy enables the evaluation of the specific morphological structures of the skin that are not visible to the naked eye.therefore, it links clinical dermatology and dermatopathology. The major goal is to differentiate pigmented lesions into melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions, and make further differentiations within each group. Furthermore, it is essential to distinguish melanoma from other me- lanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin lesions, and to diagnose melanoma and amelanotic melanoma in their early stages. Der- moscopic follow up includes long-term and short-term monitoring, and is an essential diagnostic technique in the manage- ment of pigmented skin lesions.

Bone and joints tuberculosis is a secondary infection of locomotor system, caused by a Mycobacterium Tuberculo- sis. Low incidence of tuberculosis has been maintained for a long period of time due to use of efficient chemotherapy. Howe- ver, in recent years increasing number of newly registered cases is seen, due to wide use of immunosuppressive therapy, spread of HIV, aging population. Those factors influence mycobacterium more likely to become drug resistant. The objecti- ve of the study is to review epidemiological, clinical,radiology and laboratory findings of bone and joints tuberculosis in our patients, and treatment efficiency. In 15 years of prospective study, 107 different ages male and female adult patients, were treated. In most cases spinal tuberculosis was registered (24%), then hip tuberculosis (17%), knee tuberculosis (16%) and tu- berculosis of sacroiliac joint (7%). Non operative treatment with antitubercular drugs was performed in all patients, while in 41% we used operative treatment. Early diagnosis of bone and joints tuberculosis, while treated with non operative (anti tu- berculosis drugs) and operative methods are preconditions to achieve high percentages of long term remission.