Prediktori pobolјšanja kvaliteta života nakon hirurške revskularizacije miokarda su još uvek nepotpuno poznati. Cilj rada je bio da ispita prediktore poboljšanja kvaliteta života šest meseci nakon hirurške revaskularizacije miokarda. Ispitivali smo 208 uzastopnih pacijenata koji su podvrgnuti hirurškoj revaskularizaciji miokarda. Za ispitivanje kvaliteta života korišćen je upitnik Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire prvi deo. Upitnik se sastoji od 38 pitanja koji su podeljeni u 6 odeljaka: fizička pokretljivost, socijalna izolacija, emocionalne reakcije, energija, bol i san. Upitnik je podeljen svim pacijentima pre i šest meseci nakon operacije. Prosečna starost ispitivanih pacijenata je bila 58,8 ± 8,2 godine, 82% su bili muškarci. Poređenje pre i postoperativnih skorova je pokazalo da se poboljšanje nalazi kod 53,76% bolesnika, pogoršanje kod 12,46%, normalan KŽ pre i posle operacije kod 26,70%, dok je KŽ nakon operacije bez promene kod 7,08% bolesnika. Nezavisni prediktori poboljšanja kod pacijenata nakon operacije su bili: odsustvo prethodnog infarkta miokarda u odeljku fizička pokretljivost (p=0,03; OR=0,59; CI 0,40-0,92), viša CCS klasa angine u odeljcima fizička pokretljivost (p=0,006; OR=2,34; CI 1,46-3,32), energija (p=0,02; OR=1,70; CI 1,29-2,64) i bol (p<0,001; OR=4,64; CI 2,27-7,31), muški pol u odeljku bol (p=0,03; OR=0,45; CI 0,26-0,62) i mlađe starosno doba u odeljku bol (p=0,01; OR=0,69; CI 0,41-0,85). Prediktori poboljšanja kvaliteta života šest meseci nakon hirurške revaskularizacije miokarda su viša CCS klasa angine, odsustvo prethodnog infarkta miokarda, muški pol i mlađe starosno doba.

Increased mortality rate for patients with mental disorders and their shorter lifespan compared to the general public is stated by numerous authors. Services on the Clinic for mental disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević” were reorganized, by introducing intensive care units – level two, i.e. contemporary intensive care of patients was introduced, only without life support. Primary objective of the research was to determine if the introduction of intensive care to the Clinic led to a statistically significant change in the number of fatal outcomes of hospitalized patients. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study and it included 62 patients that have died while being hospitalized at the Clinic for mental disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević” in Belgrade, in 2011 and 2012. Data were collected by retrospective insight in the histories of illnesses and treatment protocols of the Clinic and institutes for pathology and forensic medicine of the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade. Obtained data were statistically analysed with Student’s T-test and ANOVA test, with a significance level of 0.05. Statistically significant difference was determined in fatalities in 2011 compared to 2012 with p = 0.007, and there were significantly less fatalities in 2012. Statistically significant difference in frequency of fatal outcomes when comparing 2011 to 2012 was determined only when comparing the ward of previous intensive care on one side with the newly established psychiatric intensive care units – level two on the other. High level of significance was determined with p = 0.005. New organizational concept introduced in 2012 has led to more efficient twenty-four-hour care and monitoring of hospitalized patients, suppression of accompanying somatic illnesses which altogether led to a significant reduction of fatal outcomes.

The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage appeared in 1978, and since that time the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated. Many researchers focused on the damaging effects of oxidants in muscle (oxidative damage of proteins and lipids), but the examination of cell-signaling effects of free radicals on muscle activity became today's main issue. Free radicals can modulate a number of cell signaling pathways and regulate the expression of multiple genes, contributing to the muscle adaptation on exercise and improving the muscle force production. Those effects are provided by changes in calcium handling by muscle cells or changing in the sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium. As a conclusion we can say that low and physiological levels of free radicals are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle and antioxidant adaptation, while high levels of free radicals promote contractile dysfunction resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue.

Uloge endotelina u kardiovaskularnoj fiziologiji i patofiziologiji od njegovog otkrića do danas su neosporne. U srcu endotelini su značajni za procese razvoja, rasta i remodelovanja kao i za kontrolu kontraktilnosti i ritmičnosti. Srčane endotelne ćelije u endokardu i miokardnim kapilarima predstavljaju glavni izvor endotelina, a kardiomiociti su njihova primarna meta. Endotelin-1 je jedna od najpotentnijih poznatih supstanci sa pozitivnim inotropnim efektom, stoga endotelini imaju ključnu ulogu u srčanoj endotelno-miokardnoj interakciji. Endotelini su familija peptida od 21 amino kiseline koju čine endotelin-1, endotelin-2 i endotelin-3. Ostvaruju svoje efekte aktivacijom endotelinskih receptora, ETA i ETB, koji pripadaju familiji receptora vezanih za G proteine. ETA i ETB receptori su gusto distribuirani na kardiomiocitima, ćelijama provodnog sistema srca, koronarno vaskularnim i endokardno endotelnim ćelijama. U fiziološkim uslovima mesto sinteze endotelina su endotelne ćelije ali u patofiziološkim uslovima i veliki broj neendotelnih ćelija u srcu. Endotelin-1 ima pozitivno hronotropno i inotropno dejstvo. Administracija ET-1 uzrokuje koronarnu vazokonstrikciju, dovodi do ishemije miokarda i letalne ventrikularne aritmije. U akutnom infarktu miokarda ET-1 povećava miokardnu nekrozu i aritmije ali ima povoljan efekat na oporavak srca nakon infarkta u početnoj fazi remodelovanja srca. ET-1 preokreće acidozom indukovan negativan inotropan i luzitropan efekat, bez povećanja intracelularnog kalcijuma. Endotelin može da se suprotstavi aritmogenim efektima kateholamina. Tako, male koncentracije endotelina imaju protektivni efekat na srce. Osnovne indikacije za primenu antagonista endotelina jesu srčana insuficijencija, plućna hipertenzija i rezistentna arterijska hipertenzija. Dobro i pažljivo dizajnirane kliničke studije su potrebne za verifikaciju terapeutskih potencijala novih klasa lekova u kardiovaskularnoj medicini.

After the armed conflicts throughout the nineties of the twentieth century occurred in former Yugoslavia, identification of war victims is a challenging task. This paper gives a detailed description of exhumed remains identification process. One of the study objectives has been a comparison between DNA results and traditional forensic identification methods. This paper deals with the identification of human remains that were exhumed in Kosovo and Metohia in the period 2001-2012, belonging to Serbs and other non-Albanian ethnic communities (Montenegrins, Bosniaks, Roma, Gorani, and others), as well as much lower number of Albanians who were also killed during the war and post-war period.The experience of this process and the experience of other countries show that there is a need to organize appropriate services for identification of human remains in Serbia, capable to react effectively in case of mass disaster.

Danas gojaznost predstavlja globalni epidemiološki problem koji tokom vremena postoji sve veći. Međutim, efekti gojaznosti na respiratorni sistem često su neuvaženi. U ovom članku biće sagledani mehanički efekti gojaznosti na fiziologiju pluća kao i funkcija masnog tkiva kao endokrinog organa na produkciju sistemske inflamacije i uloge na centralnu kontrolu disanja. Gojaznost igra ključnu ulogu u razvoju opstruktivne apnee u spavanju i opstruktivnog hipoventilacionog sindroma. Bolje razumevanje efekata gojaznosti na respiratorne bolesti i pružanje adekvatnih mera zdravstvene zaštite je od vitalnog značaja u sprečavanju ovog sve značajnijeg problema.

Febrile seizures are the most frequent neurological disorder in the childhood. According to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), they have been defined as seizures provoked by high temperature in children aged between 6 months and 5 years, without previous history of afebrile seizures, intracranial infections and other possible causes of seizures. Seizures can be typical and atypical, according to the characteristics. Pathogenesis of this disorder has not been clarified yet, and it is believed to be a combination of genetic factors, high body temperature and brain maturation. The risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures are: age in which seizures appeared for the first time, epilepsy in the first degree relative, febrile seizures in the first degree relative, frequent diseases with fever and low body temperature on the beginning of seizures. The frequency of recurrent seizures The risk for occurrence of epilepsy in children with simple seizures is about 1-1.5%, which is slightly higher compared to general population, while it increases to 4-15% in patients with complex seizures. However, there is no evidence that therapy prevents occurrence of epilepsy. When the prevention of recurrent seizures is considered, it is necessary to separate simple from complex seizures. The aim of this paper was to analyze the most important risk factors for febrile seizures, and to evaluate their impact on occurrence of recurrent seizures. Our study included 125 children with febrile seizures, aged from 6 months to 5 years. The presence of febrile seizures and epilepsy in the first degree relative has been noted in 22% of children. Typical febrile seizures were observed in 76% of cases, and atypical in 24%. Most patients had only one seizure (73.6%). Children, who had seizure earlier in life, had more frequent recurrences. Both risk factors were present in 25% of patients, while 68% of patients had only one risk factor. For the children with febrile disease, primary risk factors were the level of body temperature and a family history of febrile seizures. The risk for febrile seizures in these children was 10,4%, which is more than a twice as high compared to general population, which is 4%. Is between 10% in children without risk factors and 50-100% in children with three or more risk factors.

The extent and frequency of sports injury is often influenced by a variety of exogenous and endogenous factors, including poor physical fitness muscular imbalance, anatomical abnormalities, poor nutrition, and periods of intensive growth. The competing ability must be carefully estimated after injury, taking into account the nature and type of injury, the pain sensitivity as well as the time that passed from the injury. This is usually accomplished by the comparison with the uninjured limb, as well as with functional examinations. We evaluated the frequency and the type of injury in 112 sportsmen in Kosovska Mitrovica. Our results indicate that accurate evaluation of competing ability after injury is an important preventive measure in further sports activities.

U našoj kulturi, upotreba alkohola se uglavnom toleriše. Pri tom, alkohol je lako dostupan, pa čak i predstavlja jedan poseban model ponašanja. Mladi čine rizičnu populaciju za zloupotrebu alkohola pri čemu većina njih počinje da eksperimentiše sa alkoholom u ranoj adolescenciji i rano stvara naviku pijenja. Utvrditi učestalost korišćenja alkohola i stavove prema konzumiranju alkoholnih pića među studentima Medicinskog i Ekonomskog fakulteta u Kosovskoj Mitrovici i povezanost sa njihovim demografskim i socijalno-ekonomskim karakteristikama. Istraživanje je urađeno kao studija preseka na reprezentativnom uzorku studenata Medicinskog i Ekonomskog fakulteta u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, u periodu od 26. do 30. novembra 2013. godine. Kao instrument istraživanja poslužio je Upitnik o ponašanju i zdravlju. Od statističkih metoda korišćeni su hi-kvadrat i Mann- Whitney-ijev test, sa nivoom značajnosti od 0,05. U nedelji koja je prethodila istraživanju alkohol je probao značajno veći deo studenata Ekonomskog fakulteta (55,2%) u odnosu na studente Medicinskog fakulteta (29,9%). Češće su alkoholna pića pili muškarci, stariji studenti i studenti viših godina studija. Najveći deo studenata se izjasnio da je alkohol prvi put probalo u kući uz prisustvo roditelja (37,6%), da je korišćenje alkohola socijalno prihvatljivo u sredinama u kojoj žive (76,1%) i među kolegama (81,6%), i da im ne bi bilo neprijatno kada bi u društvu kolega naručili piće koje nije alkoholno (87%). Skoro svaki treći student medicine i svaki drugi student ekonomije u Kosovskoj Mitrovici je probao alkohol u prethodnoj nedelji, dok većina ocenjuje da je korišćenje alkohola socijalno prihvatljivo u sredinama u kojoj žive i studiraju.

Astma predstavlja veliki zdravstveni problem širom sveta. Poslednjih decenija je uočen porast u prevalenciji i incidenciji astme u pedijatrijskom uzrastu. To je hronična inflamatorna bolest koja se klinički karakteriše rekurentnim respiratornim simptomima, dispnejom, stezanjem u grudima i kašljem.Simptomi su često praćeni reverzibilnim ograničenjem protoka vazduha kroz disanje puteve. U rutinskoj kliničkoj praksi dijagnostika astme u dečjem uzrastu postavlja se na osnovu anamneze, fizikalnog pregleda, odgovora na bronhodilatatore, alergološkog testiranja i ispitivanja plućnih funkcija. Alergološki testovi su primarna dijagnostička metoda u alergologiji. U kliničkoj dijagnostici se najčešće izvodi prick test (PT), zbog svoje osetljivosti, specifičnosti, reproducibilnosti i dobre korelacije sa nivoom serumskog IgE i bronhijalnom reagibilnošću. Istraživanje je preduzeto s ciljem da se utvrdi učestalost pozitivnog nalaza alergijskih kožnih testova na alergene u dece obolele od astme, obzirom da je alergološko ispitivanje jedan od kriterijuma za postavljanje dijagnoze. Ispitivano je 25-oro dece iz kontrolne grupe i 75-oro dece sa astmom. Podelu na grupe vršili smo prema težini astme i tako oformili tri grupe: deca sa lakom, srednje teškom i teškom astmom. Pozitivne kožne probe uočene su u 44,0% dece u kontrolnoj grupi, 84,0% dece sa lakom astmom, 88,0% dece sa sredenje teškom astmom i kod sve dece sa teškom astmom. Najčešće pozitivne probe su na Dermatophagoides: u grupi dece sa teškom astmom 92,0%, sa srednje teškom astmom 75,0% i sa lakom astmom 63,3%, dok su pozitivni testovi na druge alergene bili zastupljeni u manjem procentu.