The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of the lichen Cetraria aculeata. Antioxidant activity of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of lichen was tested by different methods including determination of total phenolics content, determination of total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation, ferrous ion chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extracts of the lichen C. aculeata showed significant antioxidant activity. The methanol extract showed higher values for total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity compared to the ethyl acetate extract, while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated better results for DPPH radical scavenging, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation, chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging than the methanol extract. This is the first report of the antioxidant properties of Cetraria aculeata growing in Serbia. The results of antioxidant activity indicate the application of this lichen as source of natural antioxidants that could be used as a possible food supplement, in the pharmaceutical industry and in the treatment of various diseases.

Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical disease in the pathology of the population. Incidence in the general population is 6%. In the period from 15.01.2002 to 08.16.2014 as any 627 appendix which je12,4% of the 5055 total patients. Prevalent patients males 55.5% compared to 44.5% female. According to the age of the children present in 393 (68.47%) and 181 adults (31.53%). The greatest incidence is in children aged age group of 15-20 years, 131 (23.06%). In the adult group the highest incidence is represented in the third decade of 21-30 years, with 77 (13.4%). The most common disease of acute appendicitis is in the second decade of the 258 cases (44.9%). Intraoperative pathomorphologically highest incidence wearing Appendicitis phlegmonosa with 317 (52.1%). Peritonitis acuta is the most common complication of severe forms of appendicitis acuta 231 (71.96%). Anterograde apendectomia was performed in 532 (87.5%) patients and retrograde in 76 (12.5%). Abdominal drainage procedures were performed in 145 (23.85%) patients. Postoperative complications 6 (4.68%). Surgical wound infection 4. Fistula appendicularis 1 (3.12%). Mortality 1 (0.16%).

Meniscus injuries occupy an important place among damages to the knee joint and are crucially important for athlets. Arthroscopy is a method of choice in both diagnostic as well as therapeutic treatment. After the intervention, it is necessary to start physical tretmeant as soon as possible. The study presents the treatment of 14 year old female patient, who started physical therapy five days after the removal of part of the lateral meniscus. Procedures involved electrical and kinesy therapy. Within the kinesy treatment static contractions were included, lymphatic drainage, and also passive exercises in order to increase range of motion. In the end, exercises against resistance were conducted to strengthen the musculature. After one month of therapy the treatment was completed, and patient was advised to continue strengthening the musculature at home. During the last examination the absence of swelling was noted, with painful sensitivity and limited motion in the knee. The MMT score for qvadriceps femoris was 4. The patient was advised to start with the lighter recreative activities. Arthroscopic meniscotomy is relatively rare intervention with adolescents, which was the motive for displaying this case. Applying early rehabilitation is fully exploited regenerative potential of this age and the optimal time for patients to return completely to usual activities.

The number of elderly with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is constantly increasing worldwide, and irregular screening of CKD leads to disease discovering usually in advanced stages. The aim of the study was to examine the presence of CKD biomarkers in the elderly primary care patients, and to analyze whether the presence of diabetes and hypertension in elderly increases the risk for microalbuminuria and reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cross-sectional study included 90 patients older than 65 years of age who are registered in the Family medicine teaching centre of Health centre Bijeljina. Patients were divided into three groups: first consisted of 30 patients who had neither hypertension nor diabetes nor other chronic disease, second of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and third of 30 patients with arterial hypertension. Data on patients were obtained by interview, analysis of medical records and physical examinations. Serum and urine creatinine, proteinuria, microalbuminuria (MAU, turbidimetry), and urinary sediment were analyzed. Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (GFR <60 mL / min / 1.73m2, proteinuria and mikroalbuminurija<MAU) were found in 20 (22.2%) patients. Among them, 14 had normal GFR and MAU (12) or MAU and proteinuria (2), whereas 6 had GFR <60 mL / min / 1.73m2 of which 3 had proteinuria and / or MAU. The group with diabetes had significantly more MAU compared to the other two groups, while the groups with diabetes and hypertension had slightly more proteinuria and erythrocyturia than control group. Hypertension and diabetes in the elderly may result in development of CKD biomarkers, so prevention and regular screening of CKD in the patients with these two diseases are necessary.

Quality of life (QoL) is used in the natural and social sciences as a relatively new category which deserves more attention in research. Quality of life related to health is a term commonly used when QoL on health. An increasing number of research studies that are based on an examination of the QoL. This paper analyzes the concept of the QoL, the possibilities of measuring the QoL, a special emphasis is placed on measuring QoL in dermatovenereology. Given that the skin disease are of particular significance for the patient, the said indices are dermatologically quality of life, especially the quality of life of patients dermatological (DLQI).

Maligni tumori pljuvačnih žlezda su retka oboljenja i u najvećem broju se javljaju u velikim pljuvačnim žlezdama. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se analizira trend incidencije malignih tumora velikih pljuvačnih žlezda kod stanovništva grada Beograda. Podaci su dobijeni iz Registra za maligne tumore centralne Srbije. Analizirani su svi slučajevi malignih tumora velikih pljuvačnih žlezda registrovani u Beogradu od 01. januara 1999. godine do 31. decembra 2010. godine. Trend kretanja i godišnji procenat promene incidencije izračunat je regresionom analizom uz pomoć tačaka spajanja (engl. joinpoint regression analysis). U ispitivanom periodu Registru je prijavljeno je 283 pacijenta (168 muškaraca i 115 žena) sa malignim tumorima velikih pljuvačnih žlezda. Standardizovana stopa incidencije svih tumora u ispitivanom periodu, za oba pola, bila je 0,87/100,000 stanovnika, odnosno 1,13 za muškarace i 0,67 za žene. Standardizovana stopa incidence se uvećavala sa godišnjim procentom promene od 6,4% kod oba pola (p<0,001). Rezultati su pokazali konstantno povećanje trenda incidencije malignih tumora velikih pljuvačnih žlezda kod stanovništva grada Beogradu između 1999. i 2010. godine.

Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTTS) accounts for approximately 10% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and, if left untreated, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. A net transfusion of blood flow from one fetus (donor twin) to the other (recipient twin) via placental vascular anastomoses has been supposed as the major etiology of TTTTS. The donor twin becomes hypovolemic and oliguria, oligohydramnios, and a variable degree of growth restriction develop, whereas the recipient twin manifests polyuria, polyhydramnios, and hydrops in response to hypervolemia. TTTTS can be treated by either serial amniocentesis or selective fetoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating vessels. The rationale for removal of large volumes of amniotic fluid is to prevent preterm delivery secondary to polyhydramnios and to improve fetal circulation by reducing pressure on the chorionic plate. On the other hand, the goal of laser therapy is to occlude vascular anastomoses, thereby interrupting intertwin blood exchange. Although laser treatment is associated with increased survival rate and reduced neurologic complications, compared with amnioreduction, it requires highly specialized centers, whereas serial amniocentesis has the advantage of being performed worldwide. Therefore, the optimal treatment for pregnancies complicated with TTTTS is still controversial.

Involuntary hospitalization for treatment of mental patients is a necessity in modern scientific psychiatric practice. Hospitalization is generally an act of psychological and social disruption of individual’s homeostasis, which is a very important and complex problem for the mentally ill. The goal of the study was to confirm the necessity of involuntary treatment of mental patients in a medical institution, in the interest of patients and the society. The research was conducted as a cross sectional study of hospitalized patients in 2012 at the Clinic for psychiatric disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic" in Belgrade. It included 2286 inpatients, especially involuntarily hospitalized 236 and 719 admitted for hospital treatment with the assistance of the police. The data were statistically analysed by methods of descriptive statistics: χ2 - test and multiple logistic regression analysis, using the software package SPSS v. 20. The results show that 255 patients were admitted to the hospital for the first time with the assistance of the police. Patients hospitalized with the assistance of the police in compared to those hospitalized without the assistance of the police were, with statistical significance: younger, more frequently males, most frequently in the diagnostic group of schizophrenia and less frequently in the group of organic and affective disorders, most often it was their first, and involuntary hospitalization. During the studied period, 236 (10%) of the total number treated patients were involuntarily hospitalized. There were 176 (74.58%) patients detained for treatment by force, with the assistance of police. There is a necessity for involuntary hospitalization of mental patients. The justification of detaining patients in the health institution by such measures is accomplished through legislation in the best interest of the patient.

Number of poisons which surround the modern man is constantly on the rise and hence therefore the frequency of intoxication. The aim of the study was to determine the type of poison which causes the suicidal poisoning, sex, age, occupation, place of poisoning, events and seasonal distribution of poisoned. This paper analyzes the suicidal poisoning, autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade in two periods (1965-1969) and (2000-2004) years . To test for statistical significance was used Pearson's X2 test. Comparative analysis of the obtained results shows that a significantly more frequent suicidal poisoning in the first analyzed period (1965-1969), P<0.01 compared to the second (2000-2004) In the first research period, the suicidal purposes are often used caustic poisons (44.0%) and drugs (36.4%) with a slight dominance of the older age groups among the poisoned. According to the frequency of poisoning drugs no statistically significant differences in the analyzed periods (x2=0.248 , df=1, p=0.6) . In second research period, significantly dominated by males (79.5%) (x2=33.911 , df=1, p<0.0001), younger age groups (20-49 years , 86.99%), which were poisoned significantly more frequent in spring and summer (55%) compared to the first period. In both studied periods had no significant statistical difference in relation to occupation, place of poisoning and the clinical picture. The highest percentage of deaths (servants and housewives) in both periods were without clinical picture, because they were found dead in their own homes. Length of outliving period of several hours is significantly higher in the second examined period, because of application of more sophisticated, more toxic and simple to use poisons.

Oštećena tolerancija glukoze,pojam poznat kao predijabetes , predstavlja stepenicu ispred razvoja dijabetes mellitusa tip 2 i može se javiti i deceniju pre manifestnog oblika dijabetesa i sve je češći u mlađoj populaciji. Cilj rada bio je da utvrdi uticaj fizicke neaktivnosti na pojavu predijabatesa i dijabetes mellitusa tip 2. Obrađeno je 80 bolesnika u endokrinološkoj ambulanti Interne klinike KBC Priština-Gračanica, u Lapljem Selu.Ispitanici su anketirani uputnikom iz vodiča Nacionalnog programa za prevenciju dijabetesa tip 2 Republike Srbije. Svim ispitanicima su odrađene polne, demografske i antropometrijske karakteristike kao istepen intolerancije glukoze. Od 80 pacijenata, 33 (41,25%) su muškog pola, a 47 (58,75%) su ženskog pola. Nema statističke značajnosti Hi² testa raspodele ispitanika prema familijarnoj anamnezi (=0,007, p>0,05). Fizička neaktivnost je registrovna u 16 ispitanika (20%), a ostalih 64 ispitanika je fizički aktivno. Normalna glikemija natašte u fizički neaktivnih ispitanika je bila u 56,25% (9), a glikemiju veću od 7 mmol/l je imalo 18,75% ispitanika. Pozitivan OGTT nalaz kod fizički neaktivnih ispitanika je potvrđen u 62,5% , a pozitivan OGTT nalaz kod fizički aktivnih je registrovan u samo 5 ispitanika (11,36%). Ispitanici sa rizikom za nastanak dijabetesa tip 2 (skor 12 i više) u 60% su bili fizički neaktivni. Umerena fizička aktivnost uz korekciju telesne mase ,može znatno da „odloži“ nastanak dijabetes mellitus-a tip 2.