Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a syndrome which is caused by gradual progressive and irreversible reduction of kidney function. CKD has become a global health care problem. From a mental hygiene point of view, the aim of this study is to present the most important stressors in patients with CKD. Knowledge and recognition of everything that influences the increase of stress in people with CKD, on one hand leads to an improvement of understanding , and on the other gives us possibilities to prevent or at least reduce the negative effects of stress. Furthermore, patients with CKD often have anxiety and depressive symptoms which overlap with the clinical symptomatology of kidney disease, which is mostly caused by uremia. We have given certain suggestions for early depression screening in patients with CKD by analyzing previously conducted research. As far as diet is concerned, research suggests that patients with CKD should be prescribed a low protein diet which delays the progression of CKD, reduces the metabolical disbalance and delays the need for dialysis. A traditional diet focused on protein intake without a special selection of meals is recommended. Other recommendations are vegan diet as well as vegan diet with suplements. Furthermore, a diet without proteins with pastas without proteins, bread and other carbohydrates. There are also recommendations for a low protein diet with suplements with an intake of only 0.3 g/kg BM/protein a day with an addition of proteins from vegetables, amino and keto acids. Finally, it should be mentioned that comorbidities should be taken into consideration when prescribing a diet for patients with CKD. It is necessary for the patient to be compliant with the recommended diet.

Standardized staging of tumors takes into account the depth of invasion of the intestinal wall and the presence of local or distant metastases, specifically focusing to precisely estimate length of patient survival. This assessment system does not fully reflect the biological behaviour of cancer individually, ie. tumor aggressiveness and ability of recurrence tumor after medical treatment. Futuremore, cancer at some patients have more aggressive growth than other carcinomas in the same clinical stage, because there are other parameters that determine the biological behaviors of colon cancer, which are not included in the standard classification of determining tumor stage. One of the recent arguments which are due in the spotlight is "tumor budding", which represents one cell or group of up to five non-differentiated tumor cells, which are found in the stroma out of the invasive front line of cancer. There are 92 colon cancer and upper rectum processed, which are collected at General Hospital in Trebinje and Medical Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. The aim is to determine whether there is a correlation between the number of tumor budding and stage of tumors in colorectal cancer. The tumor stage is determined by Astler Coller classification. Investigation, based on χ2-test, leads to the conclusion that there is not a statistical significance in tumor budding distribution in relation to tumor stage according to the Astler Coller classification (p = 0.383; p> 0.05).

As a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland pancreas has a very important role in the digestive tract. The juice of his exocrine part, which is released into the duodenum, carries more than 20 pancreatic enzymes, important for a normal process of digestion. Endocrine part of the gland, which consists of the islets-insula, actively participate in the metabolism of human organism, secreting two important hormones - insulin and glucagon. Because of its location, the pancreas is an extremely inaccessible organ for a physical examination. Despite of a large number of modern clinical methods for monitoring changes in the body, the detail knowledge of morphological characteristics of this gland is still very important. The material was taken from the cadaver of the fetus and newborn at the Institute of Pathology of the Faculty of Medicine. We classified samples of pancreas into three groups, with respect to age (from 3 months to neonates) and CS length. After dehydration and the molding compositions are cut at a thickness of between 6 and 10 microns. In addition to standard staining methods, some preparations are for identification of insula, painted by Grimelijus. In this study, we determined the morphological changes of the prenatal pancreas, from the third month of intrauterine fetal development, until the end of the fetal time and determine the dynamics of changes in the parenchyma and stroma. We could distinguish functional parts of the pancreas, in 10-11th week of development. In the first trimester of pregnancy, we have noticed an increase in parenchymal elements and the reduction of the stroma, which is slightly more pronounced in interlobular area, that clearly differentiating lobules. At the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, in the pancreas that are developing, we observed significant changes.The lobular structure of pancreas was clearly visible. Pancreatic acini are clearly differentiated and are in very close contact, since the stroma between them very reduced. Within almost all lobulus there are clearly expressed the islets of Langerhans, which are multiplied, different sizes, separated from the exocrine part by poorly expressed connective tissue. In the group of prematurely born children, we found that the morphology of the pancreas is very similar to the pancreas at the end of the fetal period.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common carcinomas in the female population; second in frequency. In the female population it makes up 12% of all malignant diseases. In general it takes the third place in frequency and ahead of it is the breast carcinoma and the colorectal carcinoma. Data accessed by WHO (World Health Organization) indicates that every year in the world around half a million women suffers cervical cancer, which is a significant number, of which 230.000, unfortunately, ends with lethal outcome, 83% of which comes from developing countries. In Montenegro, in 2006, 974 women died due to malignant neoplasm. In Europe, 65.000 women suffers cervical cancer, and 32.000 dies a in a year, with a significant increase in incidence and mortality in the last few years with younger population.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe, episodic, acute mucocutaneous reaction that is most often elicited by drugs and occasionally by infections. The drugs commonly implicated as the cause of SJS are anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. Carbamazepine has been commonly implicated in SJS. We report a case of SJS-TEN overlap syndrome developing in patient who was prescribed carbamazeine after epileptic attack during radiotherapy for the purpose of treatment Glioblastoma multiforme, patients underlying disease, whose symptomatology deteriorated patients condition.

Parodontalna bolest (parodontopatija) je hronična inflamatorna bolest u čiju patogenezu su uključene različite ćelije urođenog i stečenog imuniteta, među kojima i makrofagi. Makrofagi su profesionalni fagociti čija je osnovna uloga ingestija i destrukcija mikroorganizama. Pored fagocitoze, ove ćelije su angažovane u produkciji proinflamatornih citokina i u prezentaciji antigena T-ćelijama, te se smatraju ključnim ćelijama urođenog imunskog odgovora. U našem istraživanju praćena je gustina i distribucija makrofaga u zdravoj i inflamiranoj gingive sa ciljem da se proceni njihov značaj u patogenezi parodontopatije. Materijal su činile gingivalne biopsije 96 pacijenata svrstanih u 4 grupe: zdrava gingiva, gingivitis, početna parodontopatija i uznapredovala parodontopatija. Za identifikaciju makrofaga korišćena je imunohistohemijska tehnika bojenja zasnovana na upotrebi monoklonskog antitela anti-CD68. Prema našem istraživanju gustina makrofaga je veća u gingivitisu i parodontopatiji u odnosu na zdravu gingivu. Između gingivitisa i parodontopatije nije nađena značajna razlika u gustini makrofaga. Grupisanje makrofaga u blizini delimično liziranih kolagenih vlakana u parodontopatiji ukazuje na njihovu kolagenolitičku aktivnost. Povećanje broja makrofaga u inflamiranoj gingivi može se dovesti u vezu i sa resorpcijom kosti jer se ove ćelije mogu diferencirati u osteoklaste.

Introduction: Non-carious tooth substances loss pose a major health problem of a modern man. The literature often collectively describes all non-carious lesions and is therefore difficult to compare results obtained by different authors. Chemical factors are one of the predisposing factors responsible for the formation of wedge-shaped erosions. Aim: Examination of chemical risk factors as one of the predisposing causes responsible for the formation of wedge-shaped lesions. Method: We examined 62 patients with wedge-shaped erosions (mean age 45.52 ± 12.03 years, 58.1% of men) and 60 patients without erosions in the control group (mean age 34.40 ± 9.28 years, 60% men) . The entire examination was completed by using a questionnaire at the Dental Clinic of the University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica. salivary pH was measured by the pH meter. Results: The results show that the wedge-shaped lesions often occur equally in both men and women. Considerably often it might appear in older people but can also occur in teenagers. Patients with wedge-shaped erosion have increased acidity of saliva, a heightened sense of acid in the mouth and consume a lot more carbonated drinks compared to patients without erosions. Conclusion: Wedge-shaped lesions are more common in people older than 40 years. Taking into account the results obtained in this study it can be concluded that the chemical risk factors truly fall within the predisposing factors that may be responsible for the creation of wedge-shaped erosions.

Delivery before 37th week of gestation is defined as preterm, independently of body mass of babies, according to the World Health Organization. Premature birth is the current problem in the world due to the high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality and incompletely clear etiology. In our country the frequency of preterm delivery is 6%. We have retrospectively analyzed early deliveries in Health Center Kosovska Mitrovica in the period from 2009 to 2013. In this five-year period, there were totaly 3398 deliveries, of which 148 or 4.35 % were preterm delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of premature birth in the five-year period in relation to: the total number of births in a given period, the age of the patients, the manner of completion of delivery, gestational week of pregnancy, parity and the most common causes that led to the PTP. In the analysis we have included the body weight and Apgar score of premature infants. We have used protocols of births, maternal history of disease, neonatal protocols and lists of newborns. Most of them were multiparas (41.2 %),56.7 % of pregnant women were aged of 21-30 years and pregnancy in 79.9 % of cases ended with 33 to 37 ng. Vaginal deliveries were completed in 84.4% of premature births, and caesarean in 15.6%. Twin pregnancies with preterm deliveries were represented in 10.2%. The most common weight of premature infants ranged from 2000 to 2500 grams (48.6 %). The most common causes that led to the PTP were PPROM (22.9 %), unknown causes (27. 1 %), multiple pregnancy (18.2 %), genital infection (8.7 %), cervical incompetence (6.7 %), IUGR (5.4%), PIH (4.2%), placental abruption and placenta previa (2.1 %) and other (4.7%) .