Introduction: Health food safety is an absolute priority, whether it is a physical-chemical and microbiological safety. This applies particularly to vulnerable population groups. Particularly vulnerable population group is pre-school children. In this age, in addition to health security, as an important segment of the nutritional value of food. Nutritional value represents the energy value of meals, as well as a total in a certain amount (100g), as it looks at the energy density of meals. A reliable indicator of nutritional value, in addition to the mere satisfaction of energy needs, the amount and concentration ratio of macronutrients. This paper deals with the energy value of daily meals in preschools in Macva administrative district. The quality of the meal depends on several factors, such as the selection of food, preparation methods, expertise, personnel to create menus. This work focused on the economic situation in the whole society, as a factor affecting the quality of daily meals in preschools in Macva administrative district. Aim: To investigate the existence of statistically significant differences in the quality of daily meals in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Materials and methods: During the period under review were collected and analyzed data on the quality of the food at nine preschools in Macva administrative district. Data on the total caloric value, energy value in 100 grams, as well as data on the proportion of macronutrients carbohydrates, fats and proteins are analized and compared. The comparison of the results with the current regulations in the Republic of Serbia, and testing the statistical significance of the energy value variation and content of macronutrients in the observed poreioda. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that the total energy value does not satisfy 75% of daily needs, and that there is a significant reduction in the share of protein and increase in the proportion of carbohydrates. Test results indicate that due to the impact of the deterioration of the economic situation decreased quality of daily meals. Reducing the quality is reflected in statistically significant decrease in the share of proteins.

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common oral disease in all age groups. Being more and more frequent in preschool and school-age children, it has become one of the most important problems in oral pathology. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years in the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija, as well as to inform them about the importance of oral health. Materials and Methods: The study included 626 schoolchildren of both sexes from five schools from the municipalities of Kosovska Mitrovica, Zvečan and Leposavić. Klein-Palmer DMFT system (D-Decayed, M-Missing, F-filled) was used to estimate the prevalence of dental caries the following indices were also used: Person Caries Index, Teeth Caries Index, Average Caries Index and DMFT structure. All the selected children were examined using standard dental diagnostic agents. Tooth surfaces were examined dry under artificial lighting. Results: The average value of DMFT index for children aged 12 and 15 years was 4.2. On average, 92.3% of the examined children had caries. The mean value of caries index was 15.11%.Conclusion: After these new epidemiological studies, it can be concluded that the state of children's oral health, considering the high levels of untreated caries and all other features of DMFT index, is not satisfactory. This situation points to the necessity of applying modern preventive and prophylactic measures to preserve and improve the population oral health.

A cardiovascular comorbidity (CVC) in psychiatric patients represents a simultaneous occurrence of a cardiovascular and a mental illness in the same patient regardless of the order of occurrence or of the cause and effect relationship that conjoins them. The objective was to determine the frequency and sort of the CVC in previously hospitalized patients with diagnoses of schizophrenic and affective disorders along with the differences in distribution of said disorders between the two groups of patients. Design-wise this is a retrospective study of intersections. It is based on the analytics of medical data (the history of disease along with the internal medicine consultant reviews) of the hospitalized patients in the Clinic for psychiatric disorders “Dr. Laza Lazarević” in Belgrade during the period between November 2014 and February 2015. Patients who were involved were older than 18 and they had diagnoses of schizophrenic disorders (F20-F29) and affective disorders (F30-F39), according to diagnostic criteria in the International classification of diseases 10 (ICD-10). CVC which were previously diagnosed or registered during the examination we separated into the following groups according to ICD-10: hypertension (HTA) I10, cardiac arrhythmia (CA) I47-I49, chronic cardiomyopathy (CMP) I42-I43 and ischemic heart disease (IHD) 120-125. The two groups of patients were analyzed according with socio-demographic characteristics (gender and age range) and CVC diagnosed according to MKB-10 classification. CVC were registered in 66% of the patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 34% of the patients with affective disorders. Hypertension was most common in both groups of patients following with cardiac arrhythmia. Cardiac arrhythmias were statistically significantly more common in patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorders (p<0.001) compared to patients with affective disorders. The frequency of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and chronic cardiomyopathy rises with age in both groups of patients. The results of this research confirm a high degree of CVC in hospitalized patients with diagnoses of schizophrenic and affective disorders (especially cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension). A multidisciplinary team is the key for diagnosing and monitoring patients with schizophrenic and affective diseases in both primary and secondary preventions.

The panoramic radiography is the most used diagnostic imaging method in planning impacted lower third molar extractions. However, often panoramic radiography does not provide enough information in treatment planning for performing safely surgical extraction of impacted third molars. CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) provides more precise information in diagnostic analysis especially for planning surgical procedures where complications can be expected due to close relationship between mandibular canal and lower impacted third molars. The aim of this study is comparative analysis of panoramic radiography and CBCT in evaluating the topographic relationship between mandibular canal and impacted third molars. The study included 50 patients with close relationship between mandibular canal and impacted third molars detected using panoramic radiography. After panoramic radiography analysis CBCT was performed in order to diagnose, plan and prevent complications during the surgical tooth extraction. CBCT examination considered comparative analysis with panoramic radiography, marking, volume rendering and assessment of mandibular canal in buccolingual direction. Out of total patients where suprimposition of mandibular canal and impacted third molar on panoramic radiography was detected, in 32 patients mandibular chanal was localised on lingual side. Mandibular canal was positioned at bucal side in 18 of 50 patients. Results of this research indicate that panoramic radiography can be useful in everyday practice for diagnosis, planning and preparing lower third molar extractions, but in cases where close relationship between mandibular canal and lower third molars is detected CBCT is recommended as more precise radiographic imaging method in order to prevent complications.

The belief in the inability of neurogenesis, that is the inability to create new neurons after embryonic and early postnatal development of the central nervous system, was rejected in the mid-nineties, when the existence of neurogenesis in restricted areas of CNS adult mammals, including humans, was discovered.Transplantation of stem cells or their derivatives into respective tissues or organs is considered as one of the most promising remedies for many incurable diseases.In this review, we summarized current knowledge and present and future perspectives andchallenges regarding stem cells treatment for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

Stopa incidence cervikalnog karcinoma u Srbiji je među najvišima u Evropi i iznosi 23,8 na 100000. Papanicolau test, dopunjen kolposkopijom i histologijom, osnovna je metoda sekundarne prevencije cervikalnog karcinoma. Cilj rada je bio ispitati histološko-citološku korelaciju i pouzdanost Papanicolau testa u detekciji cervikalnih lezija. Analizirani su cervikalni razmazi (Papanicolau test) kod 3868 žena. Suspektne nalaze imalo je 190 žena i kod njih je urađena cervikalna biopsija. Kod 77 žena detektovane su premaligne ili maligne promene na cerviksu. LSIL (CIN1) je imalo 43(22,6%), HSIL(CIN2/3) 25(13,2%), a planocelularni karcinom 9 (4,7%) žena. Između histološkog i citološkog nalaza ispitanica postoji statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost (Spearman r=0,829, p<0,001). Najviše ocene dijagnostičkih performansi Papanicolau testa u diskriminaciji LSIL-a(CIN1), HSIL-a(CIN2/3) i planocelularnog karcinoma od cervicitisa su za citološki nalaz ASCH (PA IIIa) (Sp=90,6%, a Sn=100% za Ca planocellulare, Sn=96% za HSIL i Sn=86% za LSIL). U diskriminaciji HSIL-a od LSIL-a najbolja diskriminativnost postiže se za nalaz LSIL (PAIIIb) Papanicolau testa (Sn=72,0%, Sp=67,4%), a u diskriminaciji Ca planocellulare od LSIL najbolja diskriminativnost postiže se za nalaz HSIL (PA IIIb/IV) Papanicolau testa (Sn=77.8%, Sp=97.7%). Na osnovu naših rezultata možemo zaključiti da postoji pozitivna histološko-citološka korelacija nalaza i da je Papanicolau test pouzdaniji u detekciji težih premalignih promena. Citološke dijagnoze ASCH (PAIIIa) i LSIL (PAIIIb) mogu pouzdano ukazati na postojanje premalignih cervikalnih lezija kod žena, pa pacijentkinje sa tim nalazima treba češće kontrolisati i lečiti.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is highly prevalent in Asian countries, compared with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which is reported predominant disease among Whites and that is the reason for paucity of reports about central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature (CC) in eyes with PACG in Europe. To determine central corneal thickness, corneal curvature and refractive error in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). A total of 288 patients were enrolled into this study; 132 patients with PACG (mean age of 73 ± 7 years) compared with 156 patients with POAG (mean age of 70 ±7 years). The data was collected from all PACG patients who underwent Laser peripheral iridotomy at the Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade between January 2012 and October 2012 and controls with POAG examined in the same period. Data from the right eye was used for analysis. In PACG/POAG mean CCT was 549±38/547±35 µm (p=0.353) and mean radius of corneal curvature (Cr) was 7.92±0.22/7.75±0.29 mm (p=0.003). There was no statistically significant correlation between IOP and mean Cr in PACG (p=0.244 ) and POAG ( p=0.637) while it was in POAG group with refractive error (p=0.005) and CCT (p<0.001). We found that CCT in PACG and POAG group were in normal range and there was no diference between them. Our results showed that the eyes with PACG had the flatter corneas than eyes with POAG and were hyperopic.

Introduction: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures represent a paroxysmal event followed by a sudden change of behavior, cognition or consciousness, mostly of short duration, which resemble or can be understood as epileptic seizures. They occur in persons without epilepsy and in patients with epilepsy. They are not associated with abnormal EEG discharges because their cause is a psychic disorder. Case report: A 20-year-old patient has been suffering of occasional “morning short-lasting jerking hand movements, staring and fainting” since the age of 14 years. Beside a symptomatic anamnesis for epilepsy and non-specifically changed standard EEG, antiepileptic therapy (valproate and lamotrigine) was introduced. Because of non-response to antiepileptic therapy, the patient was forwarded for further clinical examination involving video EEG telemetry, which indicated that this was a case of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. A successive withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs was initiated, and also, a psychologist and psychiatrist were included into treatment, which resulted in the reduction of seizures and improvement of the patient's general condition. Conclusion: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures represent a frequent diagnostic problem requiring team's work, while the video EEG telemetry is the method of choice for diagnosis.