Newly synthetized derivative of bile acid, sodium salt of 3α, 7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo 5β cholanic acid (monoketocholanate) expressed a good characteristic as intranasal transport enhancer of xenobiotics.The aim of our sudy was to explore if it has an influence on bile metabolism and to measure its concentration in blood and bile after intravenous and intranasal administration. The experiment was performed in vivo on adult male Wistar rats. The determination of monoketocholanate (MKCh) in rats blood and bile, was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), on an HP ODS2 column, using methanol/acetonitrile/acetate buffer as mobile phase. Absorbances were measured at 210 nm.Blood samples were taken from the prepared right axillary artery in 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes from the beginning of the experiment. Bile was collected in a half an hour intervals,during the three hour period. The results showed that MKCh changed the amount of excreted bile depending on the way of application. Intranasal application increased the bile volume and the MKCh concentration, both in blood and bile compared to the intravenous application (p<0.05). Distributionm of MKCh through animal organism depends on the way of application of the substance, which probably determines its caracterisation as the transport promotor of applied xenobiotics. HPLC has proved as aa relatively simple, fast and effective method for the determination of synthetic bile acid,MKCh in these biological materials.

Introduction: During the course and development of diverse cardiological diseases different central nervous system complications may develop. These are most frequently related to the nature of the cardiovascular entity itself. Aim: To evaluate the association between atherogenesis factors and border zones strokes within the cerebral medial artery vascularization territories. Methods: In total 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Stroke diagnosis was based according to clinical and neurological examination and brain CT findings. The study analyzed risk factors correspondingly to World Health Organization criteria. Results: In majority of patients (18; 60%) arterial hypertension was diagnosed. Additionally, following condition and risk factors were identified: cardiological diseases (17; 23.3%), cigarette smoking (13, 43.3%), hypercholeterolaemia (9; 30%) and diabetes (7; 23.3%). In the group with cardiological diseases most frequent was myocardial infarction (9; 56.2%), AV block II and III (5, 29.4%), atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response (3; 17.6%). Conclusion: Results of the study point to conclusion that myocardial infarction, AV block II and III, atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, iatrogenic hypertension and traditional risk factors for atherogenesis significantly influences presentation of the border zone strokes within the cerebral medial artery vascularization territories.

Introduction: Dental related oral mucosal lesions are most often complications of wearing removable dentures. Painful lesions treatment beside removing ethiologyical factor is symptomatic therapy. Recent investigations of ozone have reported that ozone can induce the wound healing. Case raport: A patient with three ulcerative lesions subsequently developed as a result of wearing implant retained overdenture were included in the study. Each lesion recived conventional care whereas tested lesion recived topical gaseous ozone therapy additionaly. Ozone was applied directly on the musocal lessions for three times in 1 week (baseline-1.day-3.day). The basic result were changes in greatest dimension of every lesion from first treatment and at days 1 and 3. Conclusion: The current case report showed positive effect of gaseous ozone on accelerating the process of healing and pain reduction but future clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Teledentistry is an applied discipline of telemedicine in dentistry. In recent years, this area has been in the focus of interest of researchers. Their studies predominantly deal with the reliability of the methods of teledentistry and their feasibility in various conditions and situations. The studies based on photography and communication of visual information via smart mobile phones have been especially popular. This paper represents a review of the studies about teledentistry published in the last several of years, discuss them and puts forward the recommendations for future research.

Introduction. Radius fracture at typical site - fractura radii loco typico, is one of the most common fractures (more than 10% of all fractures). It is frequent in the fall on the palm of the hand. It happens at all ages. Objective. To examine the efficacy of electromagnetotherapy in the treatment of patients with radius fracture at typical site in order to reduce pain, swelling and increased mobility of injured tissue and reduce the possibility of complications. Material and methods. The study includes 100 patients with radius fracture at the typical site of which 55 women and 45 men, aged 20 to 70 years. The study included patients undergoing bone trauma treated conservatively by plaster immobilization, immediately after orthopedic treatment patients were treated with lowfrequency pulsed electrical magnetic fields produced by the machine MAGNEMED MT - 91 results. Pain in the wrist after physiotherapy treatment static isometric contractions and after the application of electromagnetic therapy was significantly more intense in the control group. Swelling in the wrist were significantly reduced in patients treated with electromagnetic fields. In all patients, after 20 applied electromagnetic field therapy achieved a significant increase in flexor and extensor muscle strength. Electromagnetotherapy is important in the prevention of complex regional pain syndrome.

Introduction: The presence of malignant altered axillary lymph nodes, and their timely detection is crucial for staging and prognosis of breast cancer. Echotomographic examinations are widely used technique, and represents one of the first tests of diagnostic modalities. Classic B mode, Doppler sonography, and MicroPure testing technique, allow a comprehensive assessment of the detailed morphology and internal structure of the nodes (number, location, size, shape, borders, echogenicity, edema of the surrounding soft-tissue, the presence of microcalcifications), and determination of their nature. Objective:The aim is to determine the role of echotomographic review the morphology, determining the nature and setting guidelines for diagnostic testing algorithm for malignant altered axillary lymph nodes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 212 echotomographic tested axillary lymph nodes in the Department of Radiological Diagnostics KBC "Dr Dragisa Mišović-Dedinje" in Belgrade, in the period from February 2016.do March 2017. All patients were examined in the supine position with arms in abduction, and external rotation. The following parameters: shape, size, and homogeneity of the echo-structure, edge, an auxiliary structures such as intranodal necrosis, edema and peripheral vascularization, as well as the presence of microcalcifications, using classical B mode, Doppler sonography and MicroPure technique. For all examinations we used Toshiba device, Aplio XG, 10MHz linear transducer. Results: Of a total of 212 tested nodule, histopathology was also verified 44 malignantly changed (21%), 4 of which the primary (9%) in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma, and secondary 40 (91%) in patients with breast cancer. Other nodes 168 (79%) were normal-reactive. The best performance in the echotomographic examinations are the criteria of: the shape (longitudinal cross-ratio <2) with a sensitivity of 86.9%, presence of microcalcifications with sensitivity of 83,7%, hilus (not clearly defined, and hypoechogenic) with sensitivity of 81.8%, the size (transverse diameter greater than 8mm), with a sensitivity of 79.2%, as well as echogenicity (hypo to anechogenic) with sensitivity of 73.1%. Conclusion: Echotomographic review is a useful imaging modality in evaluating the morphology and nature of axillary lymph nodes, but none echotomographic criterion in itself is not enough reliable in evaluating malignancy. Meticulousness when reviewing and examining all the criteria and modalities (B mode, Doppler, MicroPure) remain imperative in the diagnostic algorithm of tests axillary lymph nodes.

Introduction: Radiological diagnostics is the dominant diagnostic discipline in medicine. The level of technical equipment of radiological departments directly affects many aspects of importance for the diagnosis of a large number of pathological conditions and, therefore, the progress in the treatment of patients. Aim: The research analyzes the existing situation in radiological cabinets on the territory of AP Kosovo and Metohija. Particularly important elements will be analyzed for the functioning of the radiology service. An analysis of the obtained results gives recommendations in order to improve radiological diagnostics. Metods: A survey was conducted to obtain relevant data. A questionnaire consisting of segments containing basic elements for determining patients' accessibility criteria, equipping the cabinet with equipment and employing professional staff was designed. This formulated questionnaire was sent to radiological departments in health institutions on the territory of AP of Kosovo and Metohija, which are part of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. Results: The highest percentage of radiological equipment is represented in KBC Kos. Mitrovica and KBC Pristina-Gračanica, a total of 54%. The percentage of medical staff is at KBC Kos Mitrovica radiologist 50%, work technician 36%. This is followed by KBC Prishtina-Gračanica with 25% radiologists and 27% of radiological therapists. Conclusion: The basics of radiological diagnosis are conventional x-ray techniques. Tertiary health care does not adequately possess radiological high-tech modes of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance. Staff training is required in order to re-establish existing knowledge and skills development that are followed by the continuous professional development of technology applied in radiological practice.

Hypoglycemia is defined asplasma glucose level sufficiently low to result in neurological damage. In the new-born age, the incidence of hypoglycemia ranges from 0.4-11.4%. Etiologically, low levels of plasma glucose can result from the hormonal or metabolic disorders; high doses of insulin, drug poisoning, liver disease or systemic disorders. The most common cause of severe and permanent hypoglycemia in the neonatal age group is congenital hyperinsulinism - the result of pancreatic cells hyperplasia and/or adenoma. Between two and five years of age, the most common form of hypoglycemic state is ketotic hypoglycemia of childhood, caused by limited amount of substrate. Diagnostic criteria include biochemical confirmation of low of glucose and/or high insulin levels, blood hormone testing (epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon levels), as well as metabolic screeningfor gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis disorders and disarrangements of fatty acid oxidation. Therapy is directed towards the substrate supplementation and the application of medications and fuels aiming atrapid attainment of normoglycemia (fruit juices, parenterally applied glucose and dextrose, glucagone, corticosteroid therapy); diazoxide and somatostatin therapy is indicated for patients with hyperinsulinemia.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with periods of remission and exacerbation and consequential defect of the pulmonary function. It is estimated that around 3 million people die from it annually and predicted that until 2030 the number of deaths will be up to 6 million per year. According to the reports of the World Health Organization and Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) it is predicted that COPD in the next decade will be the third leading cause of death in the world.[ 1, 2 ] It is characterized by limited air flow in the breathing pathways which is not completely reversible to therapy. Since there are systemic inflammations at COPD, the mechanisms of the processes have consequences outside the lungs also. Comorbidities are frequent at patients with the Chronic obstructive lung disease and they affect the disease prognosis substantially. The most common comorbidities are cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, anemia, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression, pulmonary embolism.

Introduction: patients undergoing hemodialysis has numerous ophthalmological complications. Aim: To explore if the dry eye disease incidence, in patients undergoing hemodialysis, exists and if its frequency is greater compared to the healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 126 patients undergoing hemodialysis as well as 23 healthy subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examinations. The dry eye disease tests were performed in the patients undergoing hemodialysis: Schirmer test, Tears Break Up Time (TBUT) test and “Red eye syndrome”. Results: Comparing findings of dry eye disease parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis vs. healthy subjects findings were the following: Schirmer’s test results 52,78% vs. 36,36%, (χ2 = 4,02, p=0,0448, p<0,05) and “Red eye syndrome” 38,10% vs 19,05% ( χ2 = 5,69, p=0,0170, p<0,05), while the TBUT test has shown pathological results in 38.89% of undergoing hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: Dry eye disease is significantly more frequent in patients undergoing hemodialysis than in healthy subjects.