Uvod: Primarni medijastinalni B krupnoćelijski limfom je redak, visoko agresivan oblik non Hodgkinovog limfoma i javlja se u 5-7 % svih difuznih velikoćelijskih B limfoma i 2% svih non Hodgkinovih limfoma. Vodi poreklo od medularnih ćelija timusa i ima sopstvenu histogenezu. Tipično obolevaju mlade žene u trećoj i četvrtoj dekadi života. Sindrom gornje šuplje vene je prisutan u više od 50% slučajeva, sa otokom lica, ruku, dubokim venskim trombozama, dispnejom, disfagijom, bolom u grudima, glavoboljom i kašljem. Dijagnoza se postavlja patohistološkom i imunohistohemjskom analizom hirurškog bioptata dobijenog medijastinoskopijom. Blagovremena terapija ciklusima monoklonskih antitela i polihemioterapijom omogućava stabilan relaps bolesti. Prikaz bolesnika: Pacijentkinja, stara 37 godina, javlja se prvi put na pregled kod svog izabranog lekara jer je već u nekoliko navrata posećivala Službu hitne medicinske pomoći zbog kašlja, osećaja da je nešto davi, nedostatka vazduha, pritiska i bolova u glavi kao i otečenosti vrata i lica. Započeta detaljna dijagnostika. Radiološki utvrđen tumor medijastinuma, kompjuterizovana tomografija potvrdila i poslata na referentni Institut gde je videoasistiranom torakoskopskom hirurgijom i patohistološkom analizom dijagnostikovan PMBCL CSII AM+. Ordinirano šest ciklusa rituksimab, ciklofosfamid, doksorubicin, vinkristin i prednizolon terapijskog protokola koje je podnela sa očekivanim neželjenim dejstvima. Kontrolna pozitronska emisiona tomografija utvrdila da se tumorska masa u potpunosti povukla. U remisiji je dve godine, dobro se oseća i javlja se na redovne kontrolne preglede. Zaključak: Na izabranom lekaru je velika odgovornost u prepoznavanju ranih simptoma maligne bolesti što ubrzava postavljanje konačne dijagnoze i blagovremeni početak lečenja.

Introduction: Asphyxiation by aspiration- inhalation of foreign bodies is a form of violent mechanical asphyxia and can occur at any age, most commonly in children and the elderly. In children up to third age choking is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Mortality due to aspiration of foreign bodies is higher in children because of the relatively narrow airways and less developed protective mechanisms. The size, type, shape and place of obstruction with foreign body leads to the diversity of clinical picture.

Case report. We present the case of a 15 month-old girl, who was found by her mother in her house in a village, lying down, cyanotic, collapsed, without breathing. Autopsy showed that the cause of death was acute respiratory obstruction with impacted grains of corn in two places, on the larynx entrance and in the right bronchus.

Conclusion. The diagnosis of death by asphyxiation due to aspiration of foreign bodies is set at autopsy, when the place of airway occlusion is found. If a foreign body was removed during providing assistance, the diagnosis would be made based on medical records or history data of persons who were provided assistance. In cases of sudden deaths of young children, in order to clarify pathophysiological mechanism and mode of death in each case, a pathologist should always keep in mind the possibility of aspiration of foreign bodies, and in accordance with this, carefully apply appropriate autopsy techniques to locate the place of obstruction, with special regard to local finding in airways.

Hypoglycemia is defined asplasma glucose level sufficiently low to result in neurological damage. In the new-born age, the incidence of hypoglycemia ranges from 0.4-11.4%. Etiologically, low levels of plasma glucose can result from the hormonal or metabolic disorders; high doses of insulin, drug poisoning, liver disease or systemic disorders. The most common cause of severe and permanent hypoglycemia in the neonatal age group is congenital hyperinsulinism - the result of pancreatic cells hyperplasia and/or adenoma. Between two and five years of age, the most common form of hypoglycemic state is ketotic hypoglycemia of childhood, caused by limited amount of substrate. Diagnostic criteria include biochemical confirmation of low of glucose and/or high insulin levels, blood hormone testing (epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon levels), as well as metabolic screeningfor gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis disorders and disarrangements of fatty acid oxidation. Therapy is directed towards the substrate supplementation and the application of medications and fuels aiming atrapid attainment of normoglycemia (fruit juices, parenterally applied glucose and dextrose, glucagone, corticosteroid therapy); diazoxide and somatostatin therapy is indicated for patients with hyperinsulinemia.

Correlation of fillings on the tooth and changes in the tissues having direct contact with the tooth aroused keen interest amongst many professionals. Irregularly shaped fillings can damage the periodontal tissues. The primary indicator of the validity of the dental work is its ability to ensure the preservation of normal physiological status of the tissue, primarily gingival, alveolus and periodontum. The main purpose of this paper is to make histological assessments of the tissue of the interdental region before and after correction of irregular filling in experimental animals. The research was conseived as a histiological study with experimental animals ( rabbits). The tested teeth were divided into two groups: a) the experimental group consisted of teeth with irregular fills, and b)the control group consisted of teeth with regular fillings and healthy teeth. The experiment carried out under general anesthesia. The experiment was being monitored over 12-month period. Having been expired the first part of the experiment , after 6-month period, in experimental animals, it was carried out the second part of the one consisting of the correction of irregular fillings. The second part of thhe experiment was closely monitored a month, three and six months after the correction of irregular filings. After sacrificing the animals, tissue was prepared for histological analysis. Histological analysis showed changes in the periodontal tissues prior to correction of irregular fillings and significant improvementof the tissue of the interdental region after correction of the same ones. The pathological changes occuring in the periodontal tissues are not irreversible since after correction of irregular filligs are being lost mainly.

Introduction: The intracranial part of the optic nerve is perfused by the upper hypophyseal and ophthalmic arteries. Standard anatomical textbooks have not dealt with the vasculature of this clinicaly important part of the central nervous system. Objective: To study morphological characteristics of perioptical arterial vascularization of the intracranial part of optic nerve. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 18 whole brains of both sexes (11 male and 7 female), from the age of 51-78 years, with no signs of changes in the structures of the central nervous system. The vasculature of the optic nerves was microdissected and examined under the stereoscopic microscope after injecting their arteries with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and fixation in a 5% solution of formalin. Results: Intracranial segment of the optic nerve was richly supplied, from both, the ventral and the dorsal side, strictly with penetrating branches which come from the pial arterial network originating from the internal carotid artery and the superior hypophyseal artery for the ventral nervous surface, and from the anterior cerebral artery for the dorsal nervous surface. Conclusion: In accordance with the objective, and based on the obtained results, we confirmed that intracranial segment of the optic nerve has a rich and very delicate vascular network.

Introduction: Radiological diagnostics is the dominant diagnostic discipline in medicine. The level of technical equipment of radiological departments directly affects many aspects of importance for the diagnosis of a large number of pathological conditions and, therefore, the progress in the treatment of patients. Aim: The research analyzes the existing situation in radiological cabinets on the territory of AP Kosovo and Metohija. Particularly important elements will be analyzed for the functioning of the radiology service. An analysis of the obtained results gives recommendations in order to improve radiological diagnostics. Metods: A survey was conducted to obtain relevant data. A questionnaire consisting of segments containing basic elements for determining patients' accessibility criteria, equipping the cabinet with equipment and employing professional staff was designed. This formulated questionnaire was sent to radiological departments in health institutions on the territory of AP of Kosovo and Metohija, which are part of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. Results: The highest percentage of radiological equipment is represented in KBC Kos. Mitrovica and KBC Pristina-Gračanica, a total of 54%. The percentage of medical staff is at KBC Kos Mitrovica radiologist 50%, work technician 36%. This is followed by KBC Prishtina-Gračanica with 25% radiologists and 27% of radiological therapists. Conclusion: The basics of radiological diagnosis are conventional x-ray techniques. Tertiary health care does not adequately possess radiological high-tech modes of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance. Staff training is required in order to re-establish existing knowledge and skills development that are followed by the continuous professional development of technology applied in radiological practice.

Introduction: patients undergoing hemodialysis has numerous ophthalmological complications. Aim: To explore if the dry eye disease incidence, in patients undergoing hemodialysis, exists and if its frequency is greater compared to the healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 126 patients undergoing hemodialysis as well as 23 healthy subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examinations. The dry eye disease tests were performed in the patients undergoing hemodialysis: Schirmer test, Tears Break Up Time (TBUT) test and “Red eye syndrome”. Results: Comparing findings of dry eye disease parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis vs. healthy subjects findings were the following: Schirmer’s test results 52,78% vs. 36,36%, (χ2 = 4,02, p=0,0448, p<0,05) and “Red eye syndrome” 38,10% vs 19,05% ( χ2 = 5,69, p=0,0170, p<0,05), while the TBUT test has shown pathological results in 38.89% of undergoing hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: Dry eye disease is significantly more frequent in patients undergoing hemodialysis than in healthy subjects.

Introduction: Dental related oral mucosal lesions are most often complications of wearing removable dentures. Painful lesions treatment beside removing ethiologyical factor is symptomatic therapy. Recent investigations of ozone have reported that ozone can induce the wound healing. Case raport: A patient with three ulcerative lesions subsequently developed as a result of wearing implant retained overdenture were included in the study. Each lesion recived conventional care whereas tested lesion recived topical gaseous ozone therapy additionaly. Ozone was applied directly on the musocal lessions for three times in 1 week (baseline-1.day-3.day). The basic result were changes in greatest dimension of every lesion from first treatment and at days 1 and 3. Conclusion: The current case report showed positive effect of gaseous ozone on accelerating the process of healing and pain reduction but future clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

There were 351 drug addicts examined post mortem from 2006 till 2015 at The Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade. In most of the cases death was accidental, caused by the use of psychoactive substances totaling 219(62,4%), followed by suicidal deaths 35 (10,0%) and deaths from traumas caused in traffic accidents. The most common manner of suicide was death by hanging (48,6%), jump from a height (28,6%), suicide by firearm (17,8%). There were no recorded suicides by overdose. The age of post mortem drug addicts where the suicide was a cause of death, did not statistically differ from others, accidental deaths, caused by the use of psychoactive substances. However, drug addicts died from traumas in traffic accident were statistically significantly younger in comparison to previous two groups. The median blood morphine levels concentration value did not statistically differ significantly in all three examined groups. Quite often there was alcohol presence in blood of drug addicts who died in traffic accidents.

Introduction: The presence of malignant altered axillary lymph nodes, and their timely detection is crucial for staging and prognosis of breast cancer. Echotomographic examinations are widely used technique, and represents one of the first tests of diagnostic modalities. Classic B mode, Doppler sonography, and MicroPure testing technique, allow a comprehensive assessment of the detailed morphology and internal structure of the nodes (number, location, size, shape, borders, echogenicity, edema of the surrounding soft-tissue, the presence of microcalcifications), and determination of their nature. Objective:The aim is to determine the role of echotomographic review the morphology, determining the nature and setting guidelines for diagnostic testing algorithm for malignant altered axillary lymph nodes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 212 echotomographic tested axillary lymph nodes in the Department of Radiological Diagnostics KBC "Dr Dragisa Mišović-Dedinje" in Belgrade, in the period from February 2016.do March 2017. All patients were examined in the supine position with arms in abduction, and external rotation. The following parameters: shape, size, and homogeneity of the echo-structure, edge, an auxiliary structures such as intranodal necrosis, edema and peripheral vascularization, as well as the presence of microcalcifications, using classical B mode, Doppler sonography and MicroPure technique. For all examinations we used Toshiba device, Aplio XG, 10MHz linear transducer. Results: Of a total of 212 tested nodule, histopathology was also verified 44 malignantly changed (21%), 4 of which the primary (9%) in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma, and secondary 40 (91%) in patients with breast cancer. Other nodes 168 (79%) were normal-reactive. The best performance in the echotomographic examinations are the criteria of: the shape (longitudinal cross-ratio <2) with a sensitivity of 86.9%, presence of microcalcifications with sensitivity of 83,7%, hilus (not clearly defined, and hypoechogenic) with sensitivity of 81.8%, the size (transverse diameter greater than 8mm), with a sensitivity of 79.2%, as well as echogenicity (hypo to anechogenic) with sensitivity of 73.1%. Conclusion: Echotomographic review is a useful imaging modality in evaluating the morphology and nature of axillary lymph nodes, but none echotomographic criterion in itself is not enough reliable in evaluating malignancy. Meticulousness when reviewing and examining all the criteria and modalities (B mode, Doppler, MicroPure) remain imperative in the diagnostic algorithm of tests axillary lymph nodes.