Tumor budding refers to an isolated cell or a cluster of up to five undifferentiated tumor cells, located in the stroma close to the invasion frontline of a carcinoma. It has been observed that tumor budding invariably precedes both an invasion into the lymphatic vessels surrounding a tumor and the development of metastases in lymphatic nodes. The aim of this paper is to determine the link between tumour budding, lymphatic vessel invasion and presence o lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinomas. The study involved 92 cases of colon and upper rectum cancers removed at the Trebinje General Hospital and the Medical Centre in Kosovska Mitrovica. High-grade tumour budding was diagnosed in 66 (71.7%) cases, and lowgrade tumour budding in 26 (20.3%) cases. Lymphatic invasion was detected in 63 (68.5%) cases (55 (87.3%) of these cancers showed high-grade tumour budding, while on the other hand 8 (12.7%) had low-grade tumour budding). Lymphonodal metastases were found in 45 (48.9%) cases (of which 36 (80.0%) were high-grade and 9 (20.0%) low-grade incidents). Based on the ÷2-test, it may be concluded that the distribution of tumour budding in relation to lymphatic invasion (p<0.001) is statistically very significant, which was not confirmed in the case of metastases developing in lymphatic nodes (p>0.05). In conclusion, tumour budding is highly linked to lymphatic invasion, which it most probably precedes. 

Diagnosis of different pathohystological diseases of prostate in the most cases based on common benignant and malignant characteristics. The presence of periacinar cleftings (PC) is an additional criterion favouring prostatic adenocarcinoma. The aim of our work was to examine the presence of PC around glands in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PA), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) and to determinate specificity and sensitiveness for their presence in PA. We analysed biopsy material of Institute of pathology, Medical faculty Priština and Department of pathology and forensic medicine Clinical center of Kragujevac from begining of 2007. till the end of 2008. According to the presence and extent of PC, analysed on high power field (400x), glands were classified as: group 1 - glands without PC or with PC affecting ≤50% of gland circumference; group 2 - glands with PC affecting >50% gland circumference in <50% examined glands and group 3 - glands with PC affecting >50% gland circumference in ≥50% examined glands. By the analyse of our material we found PC around glands in PA, PIN and BHP: the most glands in PA were group 2 (34 or 48,6%) and group 3 (31 or 44,3%), in PIN group 1 (12 or 60%) and group 2 (8 or 40%), in BHP glands at all 100% cases were group 1. We found sensitiveness 92,9% and specificity 73,3% for glands with PC at prostatic adenocarcinoma, which indicate that periacinar cleftings represent a reliable criterion in diagnosis prostatic adenocarcinoma. 

Vulva can easily be examined, therefore it could be expected that any changes that may emerge at it would be easy
to notice and treat quickly and efficiently. Despite that, the incidence of pre-malignant and malignant changes is increasing.
Many risk factors connected to the emerging of these changes have been discovered, but many explanations have become
available only when the theory of the participation of HPVin oncogenesis has been set. The goal of the study is to identify all
the pathological changes at vulva - benignant, pre-malignant and malignant, according to the age of the patients, and
therefore, both biopsy and operational material collected from 1331 patients treated at GAK “Narodni Front” Belgrade, has been used. There have been 46 diagnoses of benignant changes, of which 20 (43,48%) had been diagnosed as condylomata acuminata, a change including a HPV infection. Most of these changes have occurred at patients aged 31-40. In 17 cases of pre-malignant changes, VIN I has occurred in 2 cases (11,76%), and VIN II and VIN III as more serious pre-malignant lesions were noticed in 8 samples. In 7 cases (41,18%), VIN III was discovered to be moving into a starting invasion phase. It can be concluded that VIN is most often at patients aged over 60. Malignant vulva tumors occurred in 14 cases, 13 of those where diagnosed as invading planocellular carcinoma, and one of them was metastatic. Vulva carcinomas seem to occur most often at patients aged over 60.

Malignant tumors of the skin (MTS) are between the most common malignant tumors at human population. Because of their similarities, and more important, their dissimilarities, it is very important to determinate histophologycal type, grading and staging, because they are the most important factors of therapy choise and prognosis. The aim of our work was to examine those parameters, and also to define sex, age and locations distribution, as well as the value of surgical treatment. We analysed biopsy material of Institute of pathology, Medical faculty Priština from 2004-2007. year. We found that squamocellular carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and malignant melanoma (MM) were more common at older persons, about 2x more common at male, little bit younger at persons with BCC and MM than SCC. The most common location was skin face; at persons with SCC and BCC significant more common than on all other skin locations. SCC was more common below, and BCC was more common on skin face above imagine line from tragus to the same side lips corner. Average size was about 1,5 cm, and macroscopic they were ulcerous, verrucous and infitrative. Invasive SCC was diagnosed in 2/3 cases in the most early stadium. In opposite MM was diagnosed in late stadium in majority cases. Moderate inflammatory infiltrate was found in most cases of all MTS. MTS was adequate removed in the most part cases.

Apart from great frequency of epithelian, especially preinvasive changes, some very rear diseases common for other lower parts of genital tract (cervix and vulva), are vaginal epithelian changes and especially vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). That's the reason why we don't usually think about this disease, which can have very serious consequences, especially in late discovering of changes in the stadium of invasive malign disease.The aim of this work was to diagnose all pathological changes on vagina: benign, premalign and malign, according to the age of female patients. Biopsy and operative material taken from 1331 female patients treated in Ginecology and Obstetrics Clinic “Narodni front” in Belgrade, were used in this study. The most diagnosed benign changes was condylomata acuminate (42%). Out of 20 cases of premalign changes, VAIN I was diagnosed in 5 cases (25%) as a slight degree of premalign changes, while VAIN II and VAIN III were diagnosed in 5 cases as a severe degree of premalign lesions. Out of 11 cases, there were 3 cases (27.27%) of invasive planocellar vagina carcinoma with histological degree G1N1. 8 cases (72.72%) were with histological degree G2N2, while there were not a single case with histological degree G3N3. Planocellar vagina carcinoma is the most common in the age of 41-50.

Endometrial carcinoma is still one of the most common malignant tumor of the female genital system in the most industrialized countries. Endometrial cancer is due to 3,9% of all female malignant tumors. The occurence of endometrial cancer varies with age. In 75% of all cases endometral carcinoma tipically occurs in postmenopausal women, with the highest incidence between 50 and 59 year. The high frequence of endometrial carcinoma in younger age is also found in women with ovarian estrogen-secreting tumors. About 10% of all endometrial carcinomas also in association with a genetic predisposition, but the most cases of endometrial carcinomas are sporadic. The most important prognostic factors for endometral carcinomas are: clinical stage, age, histopathological type and grade, as wel as hormonal receptors. Younger nulliparous women with early detected well-diferentiated endometrial carcinoma are usually treated by high doses of progesterone. Older women with endometrial carcinoma are usually treated by hysterectomy. Administration of postoperative radiation and chemiotherapy depends on clinical stage.