Introduction: Solar or artificial UVA radiation play a major role in photoaging of the skin. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the presence of morphological changes in the dermis of mouse skin exposed to UVA radiation, with or without the usage of photoprotective cream. Methods: This experiment involved the exposure of female BALBc mice, to solarium UVA lamps. The animals were divided into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Before the radiation exposure, the hair on the backs of the experimental animals and one kontrol group was removed by shaving 3 times a week, and a half an hour before the exposure a broad spectrum photoprotective cream (UVA filter and SPF 50) was applied on half of the experimental animals. The animals were exposed to radiation 5 times a week, 2 hours a day (the dosage of 156 J/ cm2), for 16 weeks, up to a total radiation of 12500 J/cm2. Results: The presence of impaired collagen fibril network was the most pronounced in the experimental group of animals exposed to radiation without the usage of photoprotective cream (p<0.001). The presence of normal collagen fibril network was observed in the both control groups (p<0.001). The presence of incipient solar elastosis was observed in the experimental group of animals exposed to radiation without the usage of photoprotective cream. Conclusions: The results showed that the usage of a photoprotective cream provided an efficient protection against the effects of UVA radiation and dermal photoaging.

Determination of preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value is primary procedure in diagnosis of different pathological prostate changes (prostate cancer-PC, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-PIN and benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH), followed by digital rectal examination and prostate biopsy as gold standard. Disadvantage of high sensitivity and low specificity of PSA testing in diagnosis of PC is a problem in clinical practice. Aim was to determine the diagnostic performance of PSA in diagnosis of PC, PIN and BPH. The study included 100 patients divided into three groups: 70 with PC, 20 with a PIN and 10 with BPH. Patients with PIN and BPH were control group. Preoperative PSA values were determined by Tandem-R, The patients were divided into subgroups by baseline PSA level as follows: 4-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and> 40. The definitive histopathological diagnosis was made on routine hematoxylineosin slides. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity-SE and specificity-SP of each PSA level were evaluated for PC. Preoperative serum PSA levels in patients with PC (median-35.82 ng/ml, min-6 ng/ml, max-960.40 ng/ml) were significantly higher than with PIN (median-9.15 ng/ml, min-3.16 ng/ml, max-27.61 ng/ml) and BPH (median-8.68 ng/ml, min0.80 ng/ml, max-31.20 ng/ml). The best diagnostic characteristics of the PSA are on limit value 10 ng/ml (AUC=0.781, SE=92.9%; SP=63.3%; p<0,0001). PSA is of great help in diagnosis of advanced and initial form of PC. The chance of PC diagnosis was greater than that for other pathological changes when PSA level was higher than 10 ng/ml.

Salmonellosis are food-borne toxinfections flowing with the clinical picture of acute enterocolitis, and are caused by non-typhoid salmonella (Salmonella food poisoners). The main objective of the study was to identify the most important epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in Serbian areas of Kosovo and Metohija We used the data or reporting of infectious diseases, reports on infectious diseases (seven-day, month, year) of the Public Health Pristina in Kosovska Mitrovica. In our research we used epidemiological Studies of cross-section (cross-sectional) Between 2003-2015.god. Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian middle) registered 250 cases of salmonella. The average incidence in the reporting period was 12.35 / 10,0000. Analysis of age distribution revealed that the most common incidence in people aged 20-29 years, and the rarest people ages 15-19 godina.salmoneloze occur throughout the year showing seasonal variations. The trend in the incidence of salmonellosis is decreasing in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija Based on the results of our study we can conclude that a significant salmonellosis both public health and animal health but also economic problem .Epidemiological situation with regard to salmonella requires intense activity in the field of food safety not only medical services, but also veterinarians and veterinary and sanitary inspection.

The presence of regional metastases of laryngeal cancer differs depending on the location of the tumor and has an influence on the overall survival. The aim of this work is to analyze the frequency and characteristics of regional metastases T1 and T2 of laryngeal carcinoma in relation to the primary tumor location, and their effect on the overall survival. A retrospective study, conducted in the period between 2002 and 2012, that analyzed 445 patients who were surgically treated for laryngeal cancer of T1 and T2 category. The first group consisted of 397 patients without regional metastases, while the second group consisted of 48 patients with regional metastases. A three-year survival is followed, as well as the testing of potential predictors of outcomes by methods of regression. Regional metastases were present in 3.1% of patients with glottic carcinoma of T1 and T2 category, while 43.5% of patients with T1 and T2 supraglottis carcinoma had regional metastases. In the group with regional metastases, there is no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of extracapsular extension in relation to the tumor location, p = 0.7027. The three-year survival rate of patients without regional metastasis is 93.95%, while the survival of patients with regional metastases is 68,75%, p = 0.000. The tumor location (95% CI -1.4716 to -0.0497, P = 0.0369), and the presence of regional metastases (95% CI -1.6300 to -0.0253, P = 0.0443), were identified as predictors of outcomes by multifactorial analysis. Regional metastases in T1 and T2 laryngeal cancer are more common in patients with supraglottic carcinoma. The presence of regional metastases significantly reduces the three-year overall survival.

Existence of stress at workplace leads to the occurrence of occupational burnout among miners. OBJECTIVE is testing of influence of stress on occupational burnout among miners. METHODS The research was designed as a cross-sectional study and covered 345 subjects, which were classified into three groups: two investigated groups, consisting of Miners A (142), Miners B (147) and Control group (56) consisting of administrative workers. The research was conducted in the Health Center ZveĆan, in the Medical Laboratory Service in ZveĆan and at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Niš. The following questionnaires were used in the study: Questionnaire on basic sociodemographic indicators of respondents, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and Occupational stress assesment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS The study of the presence of stressors in the workplace compared to the examined groups showed that a large number of stressors were evident, with the average value of all stressors at miners 2.60 ± 1.02, which is significantly above the average value of all stressors in the control group 1.85 ± 1.02. Above the total average of all stressors 2.60 ± 1.02, there is a large number of stressors. All stressors statistically significantly higher in miners compared to the control group (p <0.001) and the values of each individual stressor in the control group are below the average values of all stressors in miners (2.60 ± 1.02). High burnout level is present in 50.70% of Miners A, 46.90% of Miners B and 16.10% of Control group subjects. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of high burnout in relation to the investigated groups (p <0.001). DISCUSSION There is a large number of stressors among miners and their average value is significantly above the average value of all stressors in the control group. The stressors are both quantitatively and qualitatively different in relation to the control group. A large number of high-strength stressors significantly increases the probability of stress in both groups of miners and contributes to the occurrence of occupational burnout. There is a high exposure to stress among miners, and the impact of stress on occupational burnout has been proven in a large number of research in different professions. This was also confirmed in miners, among whom high exposure to stress led to high occupational burnout, which is statistically significant in relation to the control group. CONCLUSION The results of the study showed that there are a large number of stressors in the miner groups, that the average value of all stressors in miners is significantly above the average value of all stressors in the control group, that there are a large number of stressors that are in strength above the total average of all mining stressors and that all stressors are statistically significantly higher in miners than in the control group. The strongest stressors are most important for stress, and the presence of a large number of stressors above the total average of all stressors not only increases the probability of stress, but also proves a great deal of stress, but also contributes to the intense occurrence of occupational burnout. The results of the study have shown that high burnout is present in about 50% of miners in both mines and that there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of high burnout in relation to the control group. Occupational stress affects occupational burnout among miners.

Acute bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract is an urgent condition with high morbidity, and a significant mortality despite advanced diagnostics and therapy. The goal is to investigate the determinants of the severity of duodenal peptic ulcer bleeding. The research included 304 patients hospitalized for acute bleeding from the upper part of gastrointestinal tract in a five year period. They had been treated in the Clinical Hospital Center Bežanijska Kosa in Belgrade. The diagnosis was made via gastroduodenoscopy. Out of the 304 patients, 197 (65%) suffered from bleeding peptic ulcer. 144 (73,1%) patients suffered from bleeding duodenal ulcer, most frequently with bulbar localization 124/86 (12%); 78 (62,9%) with a duodenal bulb back wall lesion. 48 (35,1%) of the bleeding duodenal ulcers were in the Forrest Ib stage, in 68 (47,2%) patients the size of the ulcer lesion was between 1,1-2,0 cm. A statistically positive correlation was determined between the duodenal ulcer lesions and the intensity of the bleeding (p<0,005). With 68/79/86,1% patients treated endoscopically, haemostasis was successful, whereas in 13/19,1%, rebleeding was localized in 11/84,6% in the duodenum bulb bask wall.

When pulp tissue gets exposed, therapy procedures are supposed to promote healing and to ease forming of reparative dentin in order to preserve vitality and health of the pulp. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) procedure includes removal of the local irritants as well as application of protective materials directly or indirectly on tooth pulp. Vital pulp therapy may be used for the treatment of the reversible pulp diseases in order to promote root development and to form apical region which will ensure correct endodontic tooth treatment in later stages. There are numerous controversies concerning vital pulp therapy but mostly related to the choice of the materials, correct technique and evaluation of the final therapy results. The goal of the experimental research is to use scanning electron and polarized microscopy to analyze modifications on cellular and extracellular components of the tooth pulp after direct and indirect overlaying with materials on the calcium hydroxide basis (Calcimol VOCO USA). We will also determine the appearance of dental surface after direct and indirect overlaying and if Calcimol proves good and effective in dentinogenesis, we will propose it for clinical usage. Research has been conducted on experimental animals (pig). Materials used in this research were on calcium hydroxide - base, Calcimol. V class preparation has been applied on the teeth of the experimental group. Eleven teeth have been overlaids directly and the same number of teeth has been overlaid indirectly. After the preparation, materials based on calcium hydroxide have been applied and cavity has been closed with materials from the glass ionomer cement group (FUJI IX GC Japan). Teeth that were treated with pulp perforation had their chambers filled with materials on calcium hydroxide-base and their cavities were closed with glass ionomer cement (FUJI IX GC Japan). Correctly prepared teeth have been observed with SEM and polarization microscopes. Observing and analyzing of the results with polarization and scanning electron microscope in comparison with control group showed that gained results may have significant clinical implication in biological pulp treatment. Directly applied Calcimol observed through polarization microscope points to intensive changes in blood vessels and beginnings of erythrocyte disintegration, distinct extravasation, and appearance of the small necrotic spots. SEM analyzes shows contact of the amalgam-Calcimol without new amorphous dentinal structures. Indirectly applied Calcimol observed through polarization microscope points to newly formed dentinal structures, calcification cores surrounded by huge cells and blood vessels presence. SEM analyzes shows clear border between newly formed dentinal tubules and ordinary dentinal structure. Gained results suggest application of the Calcimol as a material for indirect pulp overlay while its application in indirect overlay isn’t indicated.

Healthy nutrition in childhood is of major importance for maintenance of health in adults. Early detection of nutritional status impairments in children is directed toward prevention of chronic non-contageous diseases. Obesity in children is reported as the most important public health problem in pediatrics in developed countries. The aim of this study was to established the frequency of overweight and obesity, as well as blood pressure levels in population of 4-years aged children. This study enrolled 125 children aged 4 years. The survey was conducted during their regular systematic exams. Nutritional status was estimated from standard antrhropometric measurements. Data regarding nutritional habits, as well as physical activity were collected from parents, using questionnaire. 67,2% of childred were normaly nourished, 19,2% were overweight, 10,4% were obese, and 3.2% undernourished. Average values of body weight on birth were similar, regardless of nutritional status and gender, as well as actual BMIs o parents. Sedentary activities were the most frequent in overweight children of both gender, which is statisticaly significant when compared to normally nourished (2,61 # 1,36 h vs 1,91 # 0,98 h; p<0,05 for boys; 2,75 # 0,96 h vs 1,89 # 0,80 h; p<0,05 for girls). Significantly higher values of blood pressure were recorded in obese boys compared to normally nourished (systolic BP: 101,25#6,41 mm Hg, vs 96,36#4,86; p<0,05; dyastolic BP: 71,25#6,41 mm Hg, vs 66,14#4,81; p<0,05). Obese girls had significantly higher systolic BP compared to normally nourished: 103,33#5,77 mm Hg, vs 97,03#5,19; p<0,05. Obtained results indicate the relationship between obesity and higher blood pressure even in such young children, which is the major contribution of this study, considering the lack of investigations in similar populations, as well as the previously established fact that increased risk in childhood may predict the development of cardiovasculard diseases in adult life.

Youth is a critical age to begin experimenting with alcohol and tobacco, whereby social prestige, self-assertion, relaxation from difficulties, the way of showing rebellion against authority and valid social norms are cited as motives. Consumption of alcohol and tobacco during the period of personality formation leads to permanent behavioral disorders, while the biological characteristics of young people determine the faster development of addiction to these substances regarding to adults. In addition, the social position of young people and the position of their families are extremely jeopardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among students of the University of Pristina with a temporary headquarters in Kosovska Mitrovica, i.e. to establish the connection between these habits and the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the students. The research was done as a cross sectional study on a representative sample of students of the University of Pristina with a temporary headquarters in Kosovska Mitrovica, in March and April 2011. The survey covered 567 subjects. The questionnaire served as a research instrument, the same that was used in researching the health behavior of students from other universities in the Republic of Serbia in 2000. The data were processed using descriptive statistics while the hi-square test was used to analyze the data. Out of the total number of surveyed students, a quarter (24.7%) answered that they were smoking cigarettes, while 91.4% of our respondents tasted alcohol. The highest proportion of respondents from the Faculty of Arts claims to consume cigarettes, students who get 4001-5000 dinars per week, as well as respondents who are "not particularly satisfied" with the their choice of faculty. The highest proportion of male students and students whose weekly pocket is from 2001 to 2000 dinars consume alcohol.

This case report describes the application of adhesively cemented restorations made out of related, although not identical types of ceramic materials in the treatment of inborn hypodontia of the lateral incisors, as well as the aesthetic imperfections of certain teeth in the whole smile. Considering the minimally invasive approach, and the preservation of natural tooth fibers, the restorations have shown to be acceptable both aesthetically and functionally, and have proven themselves as a safe and comfortable solution for patients.