Glucagon is polypeptide hormone derived from pancreas which in addition to its metabolic actions has also certain cardiovascular stimulatory effects. We've explored the effects of glucagon on hemodynamic variables (mean arterial pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure) and on catecholamine level and the electrolite level in the kanine sera. It was estimated that glucagon expressed the positive chronotropic effect and significantly lowers the central venous pressure while inconsiderably inceases mean arterial blood pressure. It also leads to transient (short-lasting) hipokaliemia and nonsignificant hipocalcemia. As the result of the action of the glucagone, the serum adrenaline concentrations were significantly increased while the serum noradrenaline concentratios were significantly decreased

Ocular changes at the patients on dialysis are numerous but unique,too. They are caused by primary end-stage renal disease, influence of dialysing itself and regular co-morbid condition. Purpose of this study is to indicate specific ocular finding among patients who are on dialysis. This prospective study assessed 81 patients on regular, chronic dialysis. They underwent complete ophthalmologic examination. The most common findings were the following: conjunctival calcification (53 eyes), cataract (43 eyes) and retinal microangio-pathies(atherosclerotic, hypertensive and occlusive-in total 168 eyes). All findings mentioned above were statistically significant (p<0. 001) regarding to normal population. Ophthalmologist must be familiar with those abnormalities what is necessary for pointing out on special systemic co-morbid condition at the patients on dialysis.

By this investigation an attempt has been done to explain the existence of fear in adolescents from stomatological treatment, by appraisal of fear through its two components (congenitive and physiological). Congenitive component of fear,
was followed by written questionnaire before the first stomatologic intervention (by the standard scale of general anxiety). In the investigation participated 100 adolescents. On the basis of analysis of the question mark the adolescents have been
placed into three groups: normal, pathological and increasingly anxious. During third visit (three stomatologic interventions) each patient was recived the placebo (vitamin C one half of the tablet, orally, 30 minutes before start of work of stomatology interventions which were identical, i.e. the sanitation of deep carries). Physiological component (sweating and voice) have been appraised by the method of clinical observation. All parameters were measured before all three stomatologic interventions. In this investigation, in parameters measured by clinical observation happened a diminution of strong small of sweating, trembling voice stammering in occasion of application of placebo therapy

Elementary mercury using as cathode in process chlorine-alkali electrolyze. Mercury vapor makes in process going in work setting atmosphere. Aim of the work is to examine whether symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings are in the correlation with work in the chlorine-alkali electrolyze. Examination of air pollution work setting discovers that the major factor of air pollution is mercury vapor. On periodical view at 2000, 2002 and 2004 year was examine 571 respondent, and their diagnosis was entered in report, from which was separated symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings. Workers on different workplaces are exposes in different degrees. Examinees were divided in a four group according to the grade of exposure: I group day by day exposed; II group sporadically exposed; III group earlier exposed; IV group not exposed. I, II and III group are workers which work in the process chlorine-alkali electrolyze. IV group was control group and her compose administration personal. The statistical testing differences of frequency between groups according to the grade of exposure is showed there is statistical significantly difference between I and III, and II and IV groups. We are concludes that symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, statistically significantly, there is in persons which are permanently and long term worked in the chlorine-alkali electrolyze setting, from persons which are not permanently expose or nonexpose

Considering its importance in cell replication and differentiation, programmed cell death, DNA transcription, function of hormones, biological membranes and immunological system, zinc probably has a major role in enabling a proper
function of different tissues, organs and organic system in general. As an essential micronutrient wich is directly involved in metabolizm of insulin, zinc play important role in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. On the other hand, low zinc absorption and hyperzincuria in diabetic animals and humans have indicated that diabetics are more susceptibile to zinc deficiency compared to healthy persons. Inasmuch as zinc plays an important role in syntesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form, zinc deficiency may adversely affect the ability of the islet Numerous studies suggested that urinary zinc excretion was higher in diabetes mellitus, probably as result of hyperglycemia. In contribution, there are findings about correlation between urinary zinc excretion and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Recent experimental investigations showed that zinc supplementation inhibited NF-kB activation in the pancreas and decreased the expression of inducibile nitric oxide synthase, a downstream target gene of NF-kB. The ability of zinc to modulate NF-kB activation in the diabetogenic pathway may be the key mechanism for zinc's protective effect and important criterion for choosing nutritional strategies for diabetes mellitus prevention.

Klebsilla pneumoniae is the very rarely cause of osteomyelitis in adults, most commonly in the immunocompromised patients with extra-sceletal infections. Successful therapy of chronic refractory osteomyelitis included different orthopaedic methods of treatment, the long time antibiotics therapy and more and more freaquently treatment with adjuvant hyperbaric oxygenation. We report an uncommon case of patient with chronic postraumatic osteomyelitis cased by dissemination of Klebsilla pneumoniae from urinary tract to place of osteosinthesis of femur. Treatment of this case of chronic refractory Klebsilla osteomyelitis finished successfuly after treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation two years from start of desease. 

A chronic hyperglicemia with diabetes leads to damage, disfunction and physiology disorders in various organs and tissues so the skin changes are occuring frequently. They are serious and are early discovered. The importance of knowing the bacterial skin infection with diabetes patient is in the fact that sometimes they can be markers and be preceded of the manifestation of the diabetes during the years i.e. in the prevention of the complications even though the glucose tolerance is limited. Then, any increase of the glucose level should be considered patological. Acute and chronic bacterial skin infections can change the regulation of diabetes which may lead to worse metabolic regulation with diabetes patients. The bacterial skin infections belong to the infection group that according to the clinical experience more frequently appear
in diabetes. But a close connection with diabetes is not proved. This study aims to point out the bacterial skin infections with diabetes patients. The results of our study indicates that bacterial skin infections are more frequently represented with diabetes patients (11.0%) than with the persons without Diabetes mellitus (4.8%).

Every anesthesiologist can meet during his/her work with the patients who are suffering from rare diseases and had to be treated with surgical procedures. In a large clinical centers availability of the equipment, mentors and continual professional education are factors that are making performances of anesthesiologist's much easier. Regional hospitals, including our own one, are in much disadvantaged position. Health Center Kosovska Mitrovica is providing health treatment from the territory of Kosovo and Metohija. Due to the limited freedom of movement, these patients have to be treated "immediately and at place". Through the presentation of the case of the patient with Guillain-Barre (GBS) syndrome, we would like to underline a need for the establishment of the informational availability system through Point-of-Care Call on Line Electronic Help (OLEH) programme as it would significantly reduce the incidents related to the injuries and death cases caused by anesthesiologist procedures. Presentation of the case: Female, 42 years of age, a neurological patient with a th number of years of diagnosed illness was accepted on 13 February 2006 at the surgical department due to the abdominal pain, constipation and difficult urination. It was identified and diagnosticallv confirmed that uterus cancer spread out towards the colon, jeopardizing the bladder. It was decided that surgical procedure is reouired. Anesthesiology risk management evaluation started from the introduction with GBS. The case reviled acute inflammatory neuropathy with denivelization as the outcome of the antibodies reaction on the peripheral nerves. Chronically occurred types fas it was our easel, could lead to disruptions in breading, weakening of the muscle structure, areflection, pareses of orofaringealy physique, ophtamoplegy, chvadriplegy and chronical lung hearth. Strategy of the anesthesiological approach within the risk management procedures considered safe guidance of the patient through the pre and post anesthesioloqical period. Problem occurred was related to the limited availability of the professional literature and on-place resources related to the holistic experiences in treatment of this kind of problematic cases. The only sure available guideline was related to the avoidance of the depolarizing relaxants, which we have practiced. Within the work, we have described in details pre. peri and post anesthesiological approaches towards this problem. Conclusion: Recognition of the risk factors and multidisciplinary approach showed efficient during the peri and early post operational period. We have to indicate that development of the basic disease could have been much slower if we had assistance in respect to at-hand available and holistic information's on the rare diseases focused on the anesthesiological treatments. Therefore, it is our opinion that more qualitative system of health insurance has to introduce implementation of the hospital services standards, monitoring of the implementation and establishment of the electronic database. Developed countries such are i.e. USA, France, Italy, etc, have already introduced similar practices aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality among the patients

Falsely negative hysterosalpingographical (HSG) finding presents regular HSG finding, but the laparoscopical is pathological alterations. Falsely positive HSG findings presents pathological HSG finding, but the laparoscopical is regular finding. A high frequency of falsely negative results can be explained first of all by the presence of growths of tissue. It is known that by HSG peritubar adhesions can be suspected, but they can be diagnosed with absolute certainty only laparotomically and laparoscopically. In the period from 01.01. untill 31.12.1998. the falsely negative and falsely positive HSG findings were identified on 60 patients, which were tested by HSG method and laparoscopy. Obtained results are showed ta2 bular and graphically. Statistical data processing is carried out by Mc Nemar test (c MCN test). In the case of the HSG pathological finding, the same pathological finding has been proved in 28 (63,6%) persons, a different pathological finding in 9 (20,5%) and regular finding in 7 (15,9%). The frequency of falsely negative HSG findins is 25,0% and falsely positive HSG findings 15,9%. The frequency of falsely positive findings extends from 14,6%, 17%, 20% to 29,6%. The majority of authors state that the incidence of falsely negative findings ranges from 15,5%, 15,9%, 18%, 20,7%, 22% to 24,0%. The pathological HSG points out to the necessity of laparoscopy, while the regular HSG is not sufficient proof of normal oviducts and the peritoneal factor

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis (TB) a global emergensy in recognition of its growing importance as public health problem. In response to this situation WHO in 1990 was developed new strategy and framework for effective TB control, wich was called „DOTS“. The aims of treatment of TB are: to cure the pation of TB, to prevent death from active TB or its late effects, to prevent relapse of TB, to decrease transmission of TB to others, and to prevent
the development of acqured drug resistance. Antituberculosis drugs (ATD) are antibiotics and synthetic drugs used in the
treatment of tuberculosis and other deases caused by microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium. The essential ATD are:
isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamid (Z), streptomycin (S), ethambutol (E), and thioacetazone (T). The reserve ATD
are: amikacin (Am), kanamycin (Km), capreomycin (Cm), ciprofloxacin (Cx), ofloksacin (O), cycloserine (Cs), ethionamide (Et), protionamide (Pt), and p-aminosalycilic acid (PAS). The regimen recommended for each patient depends on the
diagnostic category for each patient. There are several possible regimens. ATB treatment regimens consists of two phases:
an initial phase and a continuation phase