Myocarditis is defined, clinically and pathologically, as inflammation of the heart muscle. The autoimmune phase is belived to play a major role and the use immunosuppressive agents may be useful in containing myocyte destruction. Aims was to systematically review the impact of Immunomodulative therapy on the outcame of severe and acute myocarditis in children. We retrospectively studied all the children admitted to University Children s Hospital with an acute viral myocarditis (AVM) from 2003-2008y. Patients were included if they had 1.severe and acute heart failure, 2 left ventricular dysfunction assessed by echocardiography, 3. a recent history of viralillness and 4. absens of personal or familial history of cardiomyopthy. Fourteen patient (37%) had severe and acute myocaditys. Seven patients were treated with immunomodulative therapy and anticongestive therapy (group I). Other seven patients were treated with anticongestive therapi only (group II). We comparred the use of antikongestiv therapy alone, with a combination of immunomodulative. Such studies have documented succeful outcome of AVM with immunomodulative trearment.

Hypokaliaemia can be cause for beginning cardiac arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this investigation is to determine correlation between kalium level in serum and cardiac arrhythmias and conveying, to note down in first 24 hours in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients in this study attended in department of Internal medicine(coronary department ) in hospital in Health center in Kosovska Mitrovica.In this prospective study for one years we analyzed 110 patients with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. We found that cardiac arrhythmias represented in the most noumber of patients in the first 24 hours from receiving in hospital- 83,63%.The patients have had the more noumber of complex VES(20,91%),SVT(18,18%) than other cardiac arrhythmias in the first 24 hours from their received in the hospital. The low level of kalium have note down in 9,09% patients. The comlex VES have represented in patients with low level of kalium as VF. In the presence of kalium level under the 4,0 the risk for ventricular arrhythmias is higher.SVT have had in 20% patients with acute myocardial infarction,SVB in 10%,SVES in 16%,VF in 7% patients with normal kalium level in serum as branch block and AV-block I, II, III degree. Hypokaliaemia have influence on represence of VES and VF, but have not influence on represence of supraventricular arrhythmias and the disorders of conveying.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells which trace origin from bone marrow cells. These cells are discovered and described by Steinman i Cohn (1973) in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. The cellular membrane of DCs are place of expression of plenty immunoregulatory molecules such as MHC class I and II, co stimulatory, and adhesion molecules, as well as many receptors for different cytokines. Armed on this way, DCs are one of the most effective antigen presenting and immunoregulatory cells. Moreover, role of DCs in development of immune reaction can be crucial due to they are one of the most important cellular “link” between native and adaptive immunity. DCs are engaged in mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation, induction of immune reaction, establishing immune tolerance and immune reaction regulation, balancing the immune reaction between autodestruction and protection of “self” cells. These functions makes that DCs play very important role in development of some pathological conditions and diseases such as autoimmunity, allergies and quality of anti-tumor and anti-microbe defense. Unbalanced immune reaction is hallmark of all cited diseases and immunopatological conditions, so that the function of DCs should be explored on the better way.

One the of most importante charactersistics of drug is a drug safety. However, there is no absolute safety. Medicines are troughly tested in controlled clinical trials with limiting population and short duration. Experience has shown that much of our knowledge about a medicine becomes available during the subsequent prescribing practice. Therefore there is a need for continued monitoring medicines after granting of product licence for a new drug (phrmacovigilance). WHO international system for drug safety monitoring as maintained by the Upsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) in Sweden, has built up vastedatabase of reports of suspect adverse drug reactions, coming from national centres in 75 countries in all of the world. The international system products valuable information from countries around the world, to support regulatory follow-up and decision-making. Emphasis is on those signals that may remain at the national level, because of small numbers or absence of local reports. The aim of the WHO's international pharmacovigilance program is a safe and rational medicines evrywhere. In Serbia as of 2005. National Medical Devices Agency is acting on behalf of the Ministry of Health as National Centre for Adverse Drug Reactions. The form for reporting adverse effects of medicines, in both pre-marketing and post-marketing phase can be found and downloaded in Word format on the Agency`s web site www.alims.sr.gov.yu.

Reactive products of oxygen are among the most potent and omnipresent threats faced by the living organism. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxy radical, can arise from toxic insults or normal metabolic processes. These species may perturb the cell's natural antioxidant defence systems, resulting in damage to all of the major classes of biological macromolecules, including nuclear acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Oxidative stress has been defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, resulting in potential cell damage. It has been implicated in several biological and pathological processes like ageing, inflammation, carcinogenesis, ischemia-reperfusion and in diseases including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and/or neurodegenerative diseases

Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease .in United States , Europa and Japan. Approximately 40% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 5-15% of patients with type 2 diabetes eventually develop end-stage renal disease. Risk factors for development of diabetic nephropathy include hyperglycemia, hypertension, positive family history of nephropathy and hypertension, and smoking. Key elements in the primary care of diabetes include glycemic control, blood pressure control, and screening for microalbuminuria. In general, the goal for glycemic control is a blood glucose level as close to normal (HbA C <7%) . Blood pressure control is at least as important as glucose control, especially after the onset of 1 renal damage, and blood pressure should be consistently <130/85. Screening for diabetic nephropathy involves monitoring at least yearly for urinary albumin excretion >30 mg per day. Microalbuminuria is defined as the urinary excretion of 30300 mg of albumin per day. Both glycemic control and rigorous control of blood pressure have significant impact on prevention and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Identification of patients with microalbuminuria selects a population of patients with increased mortality. Microalbuminuria screening should begin at the time of diagnosis. ACE inhibitors should be used when microalbuminuria is present regardless of the presence or absence of hypertension in type 1 diabetes and are widely.
used in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes, as well.The effect of ACE inhibitors is probably not only via lowered
systemic blood pressure but also via direct effects on intraglomerular hemodynamics. 

Gonarthrosis is degenarative knee disease as well as the commonest chronic knee arthropaty. Nowadays more attention is given to modern pathogenesis of arthrosis in two levels: 1. immunological; 2. some ferments disbalance phenomenon. In the second level of pathogenesis, a special atention is given to metalloprotheasis. The importance of doxycyclin on the reduction of metalloprotheasis in synovia has a great therapy importance not only theoretically but pratically as well 78 patients with primary and secundary gonarthrosis has been examined (19 men and 59 women) the appliance of doxycyclin in clinic elements common for gonarthrosis caused the improvemnt of all clinic parameters especially muscular strenght and pain, but the largest improvement was noticed in knee - joint circumference

Seronegative arthropathy represents group of rheumatic diseases which affects younger patients, more often male. Ocular findings are numerous such as conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, and they are a part of extraarticular clinical manifestations. Acute anterior uveitis, as most common ocular manifestation, could be a sole or associated morbidity condition at the forme of systemic diseases

In average 2% cases cause of blindness are mechanical injuries of the eye. This retrospective study was conducted in a 6 years period (from 1990 to 1995). Regarding to demographic data (74% were male with domination of children up to 6 years old of among age structure 151 patients, or 23%;The most numerous were pupils and students (247 or 37%).1% of patient were injured both eyes in the same time. The most common cause of eye trauma was wood (28%) and during the playing time (48%) and at home (27%). At 25 patients evisceration and enucleation were performed. Visual acuity was satisfied or good at 52% patients at the reception but on admission result was better: 68%

Nowadays, hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are routine methods of exploration of the oviduct passability.The tests were made at department of infertility at the Gynecology and Obstretics Institute of Clinical Center of Serbia in the period from 01.01. untill 31.12.1998. The three hundred patients, on which hysterosalpingography (HSG) was made, and patients, on which chromolaparoscopy was made, were involved by prospectus studies. The analysis shows, that between hysterosalpingographical and laparoscopical investigation of the passability of the oviducts there exists an extremely high statistical difference in the distributions of findings of particular modalities of the passability of the oviduct. Two-way passability of the oviducts with growths of tissue has been established in a higher percentage in the patients who were examined laparoscopically, while the other alternations have been diagnosed hysterographically i a higher percentage. A statistical processing of data resulted in a significantly high statistical difference in the patients with two-way occlusion of the oviducts, whereas for other modalities no statistically significant difference has been established. The most researchers describe high perccentages of growths of tissue, from 64,0% to 72,0%, which have not been established by HSG. Growths of tissue have been confirmed by this investigation in a high percentage (70,0%). Establishing the passability of the oviducts is particularly important for further treatment of the patients.