A combination of aspirin and ticlopidine has been proven to reduce the frequency of haemorrhagic and vascular complications after coronary artery stenting. Also, ticlopidine is often associated with hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal liver function test values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between biochemical variables (serum total cholesterol levels, total bilirubin concentration, serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine- ALT and aspartate- AST aminotransferases) of aspirin and ticlopidine administered alone and in combination. The experiment was conducted on white laboratory rats, type Wistar. Thirty-two rats were divided in four groups and they received one of the following treatments for three days: group I - control, saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.); group II - aspirin (50 mg/kg/day i.p.); group III - ticlopidine (125 mg/kg/day i.p.) and group IV - aspirin+ticlopidine combination (50 mg/kg/day+125 mg/kg/day i.p.). Biochemical variables were determined at once after taking the sample of blood. Relationship between two measured variables was determined by calculating linear correlation coefficient (r). Between total cholesterol level and AST activity in control group of rats was noticed negative and low correlation (r=-0,27); in group treated with aspirin negative, high and significant correlation (r=-0,86); in group treated with ticlopidine negative and low correlation (r=-0,24); and in group treated with aspirin+ticlopidine combination positive, high and significant correlation (r=0,79). Between other investigated variables were not noticed significant correlation in all treated groups. Based on obtained results it can be noticed that negative correlation between serum total cholesterol level and AST activity in control, aspirin and ticlopidine groups becomes positive and significant only after the treatment with aspirin+ticlopidine combination.

The increased protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is among most prominent biochemical parameter of intensified passage of macromolecules through blood-brain barrier. It is often found in cases of meningeal inflammation, neurodegeneration, neoplastic and traumatic processes developed on brain or spinal cord structures. Protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is often determined, but determination of albumin concentrations as well as mathematical models utilizing albumin are more reflective to the pathologic processes on the brain and spinal cord. Our study was limited to the determination of referent values for our laboratory for cerebrospinal fluid albumin concentrations, albumin quotient, as well as albumin transudat and exudat in the function of the age of probands. The results of the study show great agreement with previously published data.

Vulva can easily be examined, therefore it could be expected that any changes that may emerge at it would be easy
to notice and treat quickly and efficiently. Despite that, the incidence of pre-malignant and malignant changes is increasing.
Many risk factors connected to the emerging of these changes have been discovered, but many explanations have become
available only when the theory of the participation of HPVin oncogenesis has been set. The goal of the study is to identify all
the pathological changes at vulva - benignant, pre-malignant and malignant, according to the age of the patients, and
therefore, both biopsy and operational material collected from 1331 patients treated at GAK “Narodni Front” Belgrade, has been used. There have been 46 diagnoses of benignant changes, of which 20 (43,48%) had been diagnosed as condylomata acuminata, a change including a HPV infection. Most of these changes have occurred at patients aged 31-40. In 17 cases of pre-malignant changes, VIN I has occurred in 2 cases (11,76%), and VIN II and VIN III as more serious pre-malignant lesions were noticed in 8 samples. In 7 cases (41,18%), VIN III was discovered to be moving into a starting invasion phase. It can be concluded that VIN is most often at patients aged over 60. Malignant vulva tumors occurred in 14 cases, 13 of those where diagnosed as invading planocellular carcinoma, and one of them was metastatic. Vulva carcinomas seem to occur most often at patients aged over 60.

The process of multipotential lymphatic stem cell maturation and differentiation into immunocompetent T cells is accomplished by the expression and deletion of specific surface CD antigens. The CFU-Lstem cells enter the medulla of the thymus via a post capillary venule and then migrate to the periphery of the thymic lobule. The presence of CD2 and CD7 molecules on the cell surface indicates an early stage of differentiation. This is followed by expression of the CD1 molecule, indicating the midstage of Tcell differentiation. As maturation progresses, the cells express TCRs, CD3, CD4, and CD8 molecules. It seems that intensity of interreacion between TCR/co receptor molecule complex and self peptide/MHC complex determine the outcome of the thymocite selection process. If the lymphocyte recognizes self MHC and self or foreign antigen, it will survive the selection (positive selection); if not, death of the cell will occur. Cells that pass the positive selection test leave the cortex and enter the medulla. Here they undergo another selection process in which cells directed to selfantigen displayed by self MHC are eliminated (negative selection). Cells that survive that selection then become either cytotoxic CD8+ Tlymphocytes or helper CD4+ Tlymphocytes.

Women in the age of 70 years admitted to the hospital in severe condition, 4 months after transvaginal hysterectomy. Physical examinaton revealed small bowel loops passing through the anus into the auter spaces. Previous surgery was as follows: Hysterctomia totalis vaginalis, conservatio adnexorum bill, colpoperineoplastica cum myorraphiam mm. levatores any, vaginopexia sacrospinalis sec. Nichols pp. prolapsus utery totalis am. n 4. On that occasion the anterior wall of rectosygmoid colon was damageden size 70x50 mm by that time. The lesions was neither noted nor repaired during. Postoperativne course was uneventful. After 4 mounths, during phisical strain patient felt sudden pain in abdomen, need for passing the bowels, noting the passage of the intestines through the annal appertura immediate reoperation was undertaken. Through medial infraumbilical approad small intestine was mannualy repositioned the lesion of the large intestine was managed by primary suttures Vicryl 000. Drainage of peritoneum performed. Postoperative course un univentful. Intestinal function restored. Wound healed correctly, per primam.

Alkaptonuria is one of 4 disorders originally defined as an inborn error of metabolism. The hallmark of the disease is passage of urine that becomes black when left standing. There is a familial pattern of inheritance. The defect lies in the catabolic pathway of tyrosine. The product, homogentisic acid, in deficiency of the hepatic enzyme homogentisate 1,2- dioxygenase (HGO) accumulates in the blood, but is rapidly cleared in the kidney and excreted. Upon contact with air, homogentisic acid is oxidized to form a pigmentlike polymeric material responsible for the black color of standing urine. Although homogentisic acid blood levels are kept very low through rapid kidney clearance, over time homogentisic acid is deposited in cartilage throughout the body and is converted to the pigmentlike polymer through an enzyme-mediated reaction that occurs chiefly in collagenous tissues. As the polymer accumulates within cartilage, a process that takes many years, the normally transparent tissues become slate blue, an effect ordinarily not seen until adulthood. The earliest sign of the disorder is the tendency for diapers to stain black.. but in most cases desease is hardly diagnosed before the fourth decade of life, external signs of pigment deposition, called ochronosis, begin to appear. The slate blue, gray, or black discoloration of sclerae and ear cartilage is indicative of widespread staining of the body tissues, particularly cartilage. The hips, knees, and intervertebral joints are affected most commonly and show clinical symptoms resembling rheumatoid arthritis. Because of calcifications that occur in these sites, however, the radiologic picture is more consistent with osteoarthritis.

Changes in the heart and blood vessels are one of the major complications that substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality of patients with systemic diseases of connective tissue.All anatomical structures of the heart can be affected by pathological process and noted the multiple pathogenic mechanism leading to changes in pericard (thickening of leaves, calcification, pericardial outburst), atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, disorders of implementation, changes in heart failure in terms of whiskered or stenosis, myocardial ischemia and heart failure. The aim was also to test the registration of the most common heart rhythm disorder and implementation as well as changes in the ST segment and T wave of electrocardiogram of patients with systemic diseases of connective tissue. The study involved 70 patients in two groups. The first group was 50 patients with systemic disease of connective tissue, and the second control group of 20 patients with lumbal syndrome. Electrocardiographic changes were observed in 38(54,3%) respondents. Observed by groups of patients with connective tissue diseases were registered in 35 (70%) and in the control group in 3 (15%) patients with a statistically significant difference (p<0,01). Statistically significant difference was noted in the appearance of ventricular premature complex, changes in ST segment and T wave.

The nature of herpes simplex virus as infective agens, which can grow in number, only in live cells, and fact that many herpes virus infections of oral tissue have atypic and asymptomatic course, makes their diagnosis more difficult and complicate from infections caused by other microorganisms. The aim of this investigation were to established cytological findings oral lesions of primary and recurrent herpes infections.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a slowly progressive dementia characterized by an early onset of visual agnosia, followed by components of Balint's syndrome, Gerstmann's syndrome, and transcortical sensory aphasia. The most striking neuropsychological feature of the syndrome is the dissociation between prominent visuspatial disfunction and relatively preserved memory, personality and insight. PCA is a rare syndrome. Autopsied brains of PCA patients have shown a neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PCA is not just AD with prominent visual deficits but a distinct clinical syndrome. Neuropsychological examination is fundamental for the diagnosis. It is very important to assess visuspatial functions. Here we present a case of slowly progressive dementia with visuspatial disturbances and apraxia but relatively preserved memory functions, personality and insight.

A characteristic hemodynamic pattern has observed in patients with right ventricular infarction, with frequently accompanies inferior left ventricular infarction or rarely occurs in isolated form. The electrocardiogram may provide the first clue that right ventricular involvement is present in the patient with inferior wall myocardial infarction. Most patients with right ventricular infarction have ST- segment elevation in lead V4R (right precordial lead in V4 position). ST segment elevation of 0,1mV or more in anyone or in combination of leads V4R, V5R, and V6R in patients with the clinical picture of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of right ventricular MI.