Strenuous exercises greatly increase oxygen consumption in the whole body, especially in skeletal muscles. Large part of oxygen consumption is reduced to H2O and ATP, but smaller part (2-5%) results in an increased leakage of electrons from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, forming various reactive oxygen species-ROS (02, H2O,iOH). These free ra- dicals are capable of triggering a chain of damaging biochemical and physiological reactions (oxidative stress, lipid peroxi- dation), as a base for skeletal muscles damage after exercise. MDA (malondialdehyde) is a marker of exercise induced lipid peroxidation process. L-ascorbic acid is a major aqueous-phase antioxidant. To estimate antioxidant role of ascorbic acid we use rate between dehydroascorbate and ascorbate. In this paper those markers of lipid peroxidation (MDA, MDA ind, % ind MDA), and ascorbic acid status (ascorbic acid Asc, ascorbat A, dehidroascorbat DHA, DHA/A) were determinated in 30 stu- dents, in rest and after treadmill running protocol (Bruce Treadmill Protocol). It was found that after the treadmill test, plas- ma MDA level had increased from 3,04 to 4,39 M/L (p<0,0001) and % ind MDA decreased significantly from 35% to 24,7% (p=0,0003). Plasma ascorbic acid was also found to be higher after the treadmill test comparing to rest level (from 55,4 to 67,6 μM/L). DHA/A level in rest was 1,62 and after treadmill test it increased to 2,05 (p=0,0014). These results suggests that strenuous exercise increased process of lipid peroxidation (MDA †, % ind MDA), but in the same time incre- ased ascorbic acid level in plasma and DHA/A rate indicates stronger activation of nonenzymatic antioxidant defense system.

Class III malocclusion are complex anomalies of the skeletal and dental systems. The aim of this study is that the sample of 30 untreated orthodontic patients, aged 18-30 years, rendgencephalometrics analysis closer to determine the mor- phological characteristics of this malocclusion. In patients previously clinically diagnosed class III. For this analysis, were used in a number of cephalometrics points on the basis of which the measured angles and planes. The results were compared with the patients with class I malocclusion and they point to the following morphological characteristics of class III maloc- clusion: a smaller cranial base, normognathic and normal size maxilla, prognathic mandible and chin, the greater the total mandibular length, open gonial angle and a larger anterior and lower posterior facial height.
Key words: malocclusion; morphology; cephalometrics

Many research projects that deal with the transformations of morphological characteristics have pointed out their extensive complexity, considering the fact that they are the result of genetic factors (endogenic influence) as well as factors pertaining to the environment (exogenic factors), where it is necessary to point out that the influence of genetic factors is not the same for all of the latent morphological dimensions. Òhe different positions of the biacromial and bicristal range in the latent and taxonomic structure of morphological characteristics that have contributed to the actualization of the problem of the relation between the first and second horizontal axis of the body, as well as their relations to the other components of morphological status. Taking that viewpoint, we defined the aim of this research to identify those morphological characteristics which are to the greatest extent related to the development of the horizontal axes. Using a sample of 130 athletes, handball players (N=70) and soccer players (N=60), aged 16 to 27, all of whom play in national leagues, and using a system of 21 anthropometric variables, we analyzed the relations between the first and second horizontal axis of the body, and their connection to the development of the remaining morphological characteristics. The first horizontal axis was defined as the biacromial range and the other as the bicristal range, while the remaining morphological characteristics were defined as the 19 standard measurements of longitudinal and transversal dimensionality, volume and body mass, and subcutaneous fatty tissue. When calculating the connection between the first and second horizontal axis and the remaining variables of the morphological system, we used the Pearson correlation coefficient. In addition, we calculated the dimorphism index for the biacromial and bicristal range as the point of the biserial correlation between the peripheral types of sport and every horizontal axis. It has been determined that in the case of handball players, it is possible to talk of biacromial and bicristal variants of an ectomesomorphic body type, while in the case of soccer players, of a biacromial variant of an ectomorphic type and a bicristal variant of an endomesomorphic body type. Both in the case of the biacromial and bicristal range, the dimorphism is pronounced among athletes who belong to different populations. 

Ocular contusion followed by hyphema is very common ophthalmologic problem. Aim: to determinate basic epidemiologic characteristics, comorbidity of other ocular findings, as well as complications associated with different grade of hyphema. Method: 55 patients with hyphema and ocular contusion were examinated. Results. Male had hyphema almost four times more often then women (80%:20&); workers (34.5%), afterward pensioners (20%) and pupils (18.2%) were the most often injured. The most frequent causes were the wood (43.6%), stone (10.9%) and vegetable foreign body (9.1%), The first grade of hyphema was demonstrated at 30 patients (54.5%), the second at 16 (29.1%), the third at 6 (10.9%) and the fourth at 3 (5.5%). The most frequent associated ocular findings regarding to segments were the following : haematoma palpebrarum, subconjunctival hemorrhage, erosio corneae and haemophthalmus. Secondary glaucoma was the most common ocular complication and it was finding at one patient with the first stage of hyphema but at all patients with the fourth grade of hyphema. Conclusion: grade of hyphema is directly proportional with a grade of ocular complications and frequency of associated ocular findings.

In clinical hyperkalemia, correlation between plasma K and the ECG is less reliable. A tall, peaked, symmetrical T wave with a narrow base, the so-called "tented" T wave is the earlinest ECG abnormality, usually best seen in leads II, III, V2, V3, and V4. The tented appearance and the narrow base are probably more characteristic of hyperkalemia than is the amplitude of the T wave. A decrease in amplitude of the R wave, appearance of a prominent S wave, widening of the QRS complex, depression of the ST segment evolve as plasma K approaches 8-9m Eq/liter. With hyperkaliemia, depression of intraventricular conduction is characteristically diffuse and results in prolongation of both the initial and terminal parts of the QRS complex. The resulting pattern may resemble RBBB, LBBB, left anterior or posterior divisional block, or a combination of the four.

There are different stick types and shapes, different root canal preparation techniques, as well as different materials for stick cementing and making annexes around posts. The use of fiber-reinforced resin posts to restore endodontically treated teeth has gained popularity due to its mechanical and esthetic characteristics as well as properties of modern adhesive systems. The aim of this article was to show a clinical technique to reconstruct endodontically treated teeth with great loss of tooth structure using direct fiber-reinforced post systems and direct composite restorations. After the preparation of the root canal and cementation of a FRR post, particular attention was paid to the incremental and curing techniques adopted to reconstruct coronal part of the tooth. It is possible to place of fiber-reinforced resin posts. 

Evaluation of population health condition is a basic mode of collecting health condition and health needs data of a population. Evaluation of population health condition is a base of contemporary health care and health service as well as health improvement and further health system development. In order to gain information on all (physical, psychological and social) health aspects, one has to go beyond health care system and consider objective health condition indicators gained by routine health statistics along with subjective information for creation an image of health condition, that is to say data collected from citizens themselves. This is significantly important when health condition data are sparse, as this is the case with health marginalized groups such as refugees and displaced persons. Value of data collected in this way is in the fact that they refer to determinants defining health, such as social-economical status, life style, education, employment, quality and availability of health care. The aims of this research is to establish how refugees, housed in refuge camps in the North Kosovo and Metohija, evaluate their health and what are the most common health problems of this population. The research was undertaken as a study of a standard representative sample of the adult refugees housed in the refuge camps in the North Kosovo and Metohija. It involved 109 surveyed people. The questionnaire, used for Health Examination in the Republic of Serbia adapted to local conditions, was utilized as a research instrument. The data were processed by descriptive statistics methods 2 and ÷ test was used in the means of data analyzing. More than a half of the surveyed (55.1%) answered that their health condition was good and very good. There is a great difference in health self-evaluating regarding age, marital status, education, the year when they arrived to current domicile. Less than two thirds (65.2%) of the surveyed in the refuge camps in North Kosovo and Metohija claimed that they suffer from some mentioned chronic illnesses. 

Degenerative diseases are no inflammatory diseases intervertebrales discus, joints and ligaments vertebrae with subsequent changes in the bony spine structures. Degenerative diseases are very common and lumbar syndrome is most of them common. Because large disability that gives not only a medical but also social and economic problem. Starting of these facts here, work is set purpose,to the overall context of the diagnosis,differential diagnosis of degenerative lumbar sindrom. This is a complex problem that requires a great effort, expertise and modern diagnostic procedures in clinical rheumatology, which is outstanding problem in practice. We hove processed 55 patients with chronic low back pain and 20 patients with chronic low back pain and other etiology. With history, clinical examination, laboratory analysis, Rtg recordings,and other additional analysis (EMG,CT,MRI) that dodge tried to make the diagnosis and successful treatment.

Without a knowledge of how drugs are being prescribed and used, it is difficult to suggest measures that would support rational use of drugs and improve prescribing habits in hospitals. In our work we analyzed utilization of antibiotics for systemic use at the Surgical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Centre - Pristina in Gracanica in 2007. and 2008. on the basis of dispensing records of drugs issued from the Central Pharmacy to the Surgical Clinic for those two years. Antibiotics were distributed according to ATC classification, and antibiotics' utilisation was expressed in number of defined daily doses used per 100 patient-days (DDDs/100 PD). We analized qualitative and quantitative participation of different groups of antibacterials for systemic use. Òhe results of our study were in accordance with available results of similar studies in our country and in the neighbouring environment

Background: In hernia inguinal regions that are usually on the front wall of the belly may appear epigastric, umbilical and postoperative (incision-ventrale) hernia. Incision (postoperative-ventral) hernia is the kind of hernia that occurs in the area before surgical incision made through the entire thickness of the abdominal wall. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to indicate the frequency incision, epigastric and umbilical hernia, and the validity of some methods used in surgical treatment. Materials and methods: The making of the material used Surgical Clinic KBC Pristina in Gracanica. This prospective study we included 107 (3.43%) patients with hernia abdominal front wall, which were operated in the Surgical Clinic from 2003- 2009th year. Results and discussion: the anterior abdominal wall hernia, are recorded in 48 (44.86%) male patients and in 59 (55.14%) female patients. Age is of great influence on the frequency of anterior abdominal wall hernia, because we have the largest number of hernia 45 (43.14%) recorded in patients older than 61 years. Free hernia we found in 68 (63.55%) and hernia incarcerate of 39 (36.45%) patients. Incision (postoperative) we found a hernia in 44 (41.12%), umbilical in 36 (33.65%) and epigastric of 27 (25.23%) patients. Postoperative hernia is most often occurring after longitudinal laparotomia. We have them registered in 19 (43.18%) patients with infraumbilical, in 10 (22.72%) with supraumbilical, in five (11.36%) with subcostal, with four (9.09%) with transrectal, at two (4.55%) with pararectal laparotomia, in two (4,55%) patients after lumbotomia made with two (4,55%) after Phanensthil incision. The treatment of the anterior abdominal wall hernia in 72 (67.21%) patients, we used prolen net, while in 35 (32.79%) patients made plastic abdominal wall. Drainage was used in 62 (57.94%) operated patients. In 78 (72.90%) patients applied the prophylactic dose of antibiotics, while in 29 (27.10%) patients applied therapeutic dose. The length of treatment of patients who applied prophylactic dose of antibiotics was 2.48 days and length of treatment of patients with therapeutic dose applied was 4.82 days. Prospective studies of patients in the postoperative complications are recorded in four (3.74%) patients. We had wound infection in two (1.87%) and recidive hernia in two (1.87%) patients. Conclusion: This surgical method, when it comes to herniotomia, a direct comparison with the number of postoperative recurrence. Implantation of mesh has found its place and it is a revelation in the resolution of abdominal wall hernia.