Class III malocclusion are complex anomalies of the skeletal and dental systems. The aim of this study is that the sample of 30 untreated orthodontic patients, aged 18-30 years, rendgencephalometrics analysis closer to determine the mor- phological characteristics of this malocclusion. In patients previously clinically diagnosed class III. For this analysis, were used in a number of cephalometrics points on the basis of which the measured angles and planes. The results were compared with the patients with class I malocclusion and they point to the following morphological characteristics of class III maloc- clusion: a smaller cranial base, normognathic and normal size maxilla, prognathic mandible and chin, the greater the total mandibular length, open gonial angle and a larger anterior and lower posterior facial height.
Key words: malocclusion; morphology; cephalometrics

Introduction: antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical patients is defined as the use of antibiotics to prevented infection of the operating field. Applies in cases where the infection is not clinically manifested. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the prevention of postoperative infection for patient's inguinal hernia. Materials and methods: The making of the material used Surgical Clinic KBC Pristina in Gracanica, which is part of the "preventive use of antibiotics in surgical patients, through follow-up prospective study of 200 patients. The first group (study group-Group I) consisted of 100 patients with inguinal hernia, in which we apply the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Study group was divided into two subgroups: (Group IA), 50 patients with inguinal hernia in which the solution methods with installation of mesh. (Group IB), 50 patients with inguinal hernia where the tension applied in the treatment methods of treatment. In the second group of patients (control group-Group II) with the same number of patients in the postoperative tre- atment are therapeutic dose used antibiotics. Research results: In our study, the prophylactic purposes, we used compound II generation cephalosporine cefuroxime (Nilacef), which are given in intravenous bolus, the induction of anesthesia, in a dose of 1.5 grams. In 100 patients examined groups, we used prophylactic cefuroxime 100 ampoules (Nilacefa) of 1.5 grams, whi- le the treatment of 100 patients in the control group used for therapeutic purpose 894 ampoules of different antibiotics. Pos- toperative wound infection in patients with prophylactic application of antibiotics are not recorded, while we were in the gro- up where the applied dose of antibiotics therapeutics wound infection noted in two (2%) patients. The average number of days of treatment the study group, the postoperative period was 2.81 days, while patients with a therapeutic dose of antibiotics the average number of days was 5.28. Cost of treatment cefuroksim 50 patients, the prophylactic use amounted to 32,460RSD, while the cost of antibiotics applied in the postoperative treatment of the control group, in which we applied the therapeutic dose antibiotic treatment, was 253,961.52 RSD, which is 7.8 times more expensive. Conclusion: The prophylac- tic application of antibiotics reduced the non-critical use of antibiotics, the incidence of infection of the operating field, mor- bidity and mortality due to postoperative infection, the frequency of resistance to antibiotics, antibiotics to minimize the ef- fect of Bacterian normal flora of the patient, changes in the defense system of the patient, and thus the cost of hospital treat- ment of surgical patients.

Many research projects that deal with the transformations of morphological characteristics have pointed out their extensive complexity, considering the fact that they are the result of genetic factors (endogenic influence) as well as factors pertaining to the environment (exogenic factors), where it is necessary to point out that the influence of genetic factors is not the same for all of the latent morphological dimensions. Òhe different positions of the biacromial and bicristal range in the latent and taxonomic structure of morphological characteristics that have contributed to the actualization of the problem of the relation between the first and second horizontal axis of the body, as well as their relations to the other components of morphological status. Taking that viewpoint, we defined the aim of this research to identify those morphological characteristics which are to the greatest extent related to the development of the horizontal axes. Using a sample of 130 athletes, handball players (N=70) and soccer players (N=60), aged 16 to 27, all of whom play in national leagues, and using a system of 21 anthropometric variables, we analyzed the relations between the first and second horizontal axis of the body, and their connection to the development of the remaining morphological characteristics. The first horizontal axis was defined as the biacromial range and the other as the bicristal range, while the remaining morphological characteristics were defined as the 19 standard measurements of longitudinal and transversal dimensionality, volume and body mass, and subcutaneous fatty tissue. When calculating the connection between the first and second horizontal axis and the remaining variables of the morphological system, we used the Pearson correlation coefficient. In addition, we calculated the dimorphism index for the biacromial and bicristal range as the point of the biserial correlation between the peripheral types of sport and every horizontal axis. It has been determined that in the case of handball players, it is possible to talk of biacromial and bicristal variants of an ectomesomorphic body type, while in the case of soccer players, of a biacromial variant of an ectomorphic type and a bicristal variant of an endomesomorphic body type. Both in the case of the biacromial and bicristal range, the dimorphism is pronounced among athletes who belong to different populations. 

Ocular contusion followed by hyphema is very common ophthalmologic problem. Aim: to determinate basic epidemiologic characteristics, comorbidity of other ocular findings, as well as complications associated with different grade of hyphema. Method: 55 patients with hyphema and ocular contusion were examinated. Results. Male had hyphema almost four times more often then women (80%:20&); workers (34.5%), afterward pensioners (20%) and pupils (18.2%) were the most often injured. The most frequent causes were the wood (43.6%), stone (10.9%) and vegetable foreign body (9.1%), The first grade of hyphema was demonstrated at 30 patients (54.5%), the second at 16 (29.1%), the third at 6 (10.9%) and the fourth at 3 (5.5%). The most frequent associated ocular findings regarding to segments were the following : haematoma palpebrarum, subconjunctival hemorrhage, erosio corneae and haemophthalmus. Secondary glaucoma was the most common ocular complication and it was finding at one patient with the first stage of hyphema but at all patients with the fourth grade of hyphema. Conclusion: grade of hyphema is directly proportional with a grade of ocular complications and frequency of associated ocular findings.

The importance of the examination of life quality of children having asthma is more and more emphasized in the world. Asthma is a disease which limits the persons having this disease in physical, social and mental activities. Information about life quality can only be obtained by the patients because only they have direct insight into their feelings and thoughts. Our research included 95 children having allergic asthma and 40 children having nonallergic asthma were examined. Questionnaire on life quality of children having asthma in the case of general activities PAQLQ(S), whose creator is prof. Elizabeth Juniper, was used for the examination of life quality. The results were shown by questionnaire scores (total and individual ones). Determination of the activities representing the biggest restraints in the life of examined patients gives the possibility for adequate carrying out of therapy as well as better education of the patients concerning self-control of disease.

There are different stick types and shapes, different root canal preparation techniques, as well as different materials for stick cementing and making annexes around posts. The use of fiber-reinforced resin posts to restore endodontically treated teeth has gained popularity due to its mechanical and esthetic characteristics as well as properties of modern adhesive systems. The aim of this article was to show a clinical technique to reconstruct endodontically treated teeth with great loss of tooth structure using direct fiber-reinforced post systems and direct composite restorations. After the preparation of the root canal and cementation of a FRR post, particular attention was paid to the incremental and curing techniques adopted to reconstruct coronal part of the tooth. It is possible to place of fiber-reinforced resin posts. 

Chemical injuries of the eye i.e. causoma means 4% up to 10% of all ocular trauma cases. Purpose: to determinate basic socio-epidemiologic characteristics of patients who has been hospitalized due to causoma. Method: prospective case control study carried on 54 patients who havå been treated at Department of Ophthalmology Health Center K.Mitrovica and Clinic of Eye Disease in Nis. Results: in total, 40 male and 14 women were injured (mean age 41.8 years). The bricklayers, painters and construction-workers are the most frequent injured. Injuries caused by alkalis were significant prevailing in relation to those caused by acids (64.8% vs. 35.2). Monocular causoma were almost twice more frequent. Accident as a manner of injury was in 96.3% of all cases. Men were injured by caustic lime and sulphuric acid while women were injured by sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and acetate acid. More serious clinical appearance had a patients with injuries caused by explosion of accumulator because of associated mechanical injuries of the eye.

Introduction: Delivery with foetus in breech presentation carries a dilemma for obstetrician concerning the method of choice which would be the best for the foetus and the mother. Goal: The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of breech presentation, mode of delivery and the methods of manual assistance concerning the Apgar score of the children at delivery. Method: Study involved all women with a child in breech position who gave birth in the Institute for Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade during the period of six years. Results: Frequency of the breech presentation in the investigated period was 4.5%. In the last three years children in breech presentation are delivered more often by caesarean section (2.7-3.1%) than vaginally (1.6-1.7%). In vaginal deliveries manual assistance by Bracht/Lowset was performed most often- in 70.5%. At the second place is manual assistance by Bracht- in 18, 2%. Feet extraction of the foetus is performed in 4.4% of deliveries. The frequency of Smeli-Veit assistance is 6.7%, while the Forceps was used in 0.3% of cases. High Apgar score from 8-10 have foetuses born using the methods of assistance by Bracht/Lowset and Bracht (83 85%) with high statistical significance in comparison with other three methods of manual assistance (p<0.001). There is no statistical significance concerning Apgar score between the methods of Bracht/Lowset and Bracht (p=0.59). Conclusion: By using the adequate manual assistance which is the least traumatic for the foetus we achieve better postnatal prognosis. 

Introduction/Aim. +Gz acceleration is unique dynamic stress to organism. Development of this occurrence depends not only to magnitude of acceleration but to onset rate and duration too (1). The most of former researches pointed to +Gz stress as significant stress to basic physiological mechanisms like cardiovascular and respiratory system. The aim of our study was to examine responses of neuroendocrine and immune system to +Gz stress. Method. Examination was performed in two inbred strains of rats Albino Oxford (AO) and Dark Agouti (DA). AO, n=45 and DA, n=60, male, 9-11 weeks old. Experimental animals were subjected to the Test of linear increase of +Gz acceleration (peak 7G, onset rate 0.1 g/s) at the Institute of aviation medicine of Military Medical Academy. Before examination, animals fasted 24 hours. Control group were rats which did not subjected to +Gz acceleration. After the animals were sacrificed we punctured blood from abdominal aorta to examine plasma and serum and extirpated thymus and spleen to be examined, too. In wish to examine effects of +Gz stress to polarization of Th immune response we determined concentrations of cytokines (IFN-ã and IL-4) in the culture of spleen cells. Results. The level of cytokines in the culture of spleen cells stimulated with Con A, isolated from animals (experimental and control group) 3 and 24 hour after +Gz exposure and level of cytokines determined in supernatants, showed statistical significance as it presented on the graphics. Conclusion. According to our research obtained on animals we can conclude that +Gz acceleration in the early period (after 3 hours) decreased IFN-ã in the culture of spleen cells. AO rats showed difference compared to DA rats in reaction to +Gz stress. AO rats had increase in IL-4 in the culture of spleen cells and higher decrease of IFN-ã and emphasized polarization of Th1/Th2 in course to Th2. After 24 hours of exposure to +Gz stress we observed increase of IFN-ã (DA) and increase of IL-4 (AO).

Vital extirpation is microsurgical intervention.Wellknowing of internal morpfology of pulp cavity and with patience, carefull and precise work is possible to extirpate, dilatate and fil in both distal and mesial root of down molars,even if in mesial root exists two canal (buccal and lingual) what is the ruosh aften finding. Vital extirpation is very frequenthy used method in the treatment of multi-root teeth.It is more requested intervention tlak usnal once,but patients mane less visits at the dentist and the results one good enongh. So, one session method isacceptable as from medical point of view but endodontic too.