Biliary pathology represents today one of the most common indication for surgery in abdominalnj surgery. Calculosis gallbladder is a serious pathological condition, that their frequency, severity and possible complications constitute a significant percentage of medical emergencies. Septic complications are the most important factor of morbidity and mortality in biliary surgery. In relation to the gender structure of M: F=160: 519 1 3.2 23.6%: 76.4% is female domination. The highest incidence of biliary diseases in this interval is 91 (13.4%) in 2006, and 75 (11.0%) of 2010 average incidence of 52 patients per year. The lowest incidence was 2002 g 6 (0.9%) patients. The youngest patient was females aged 12 years. The oldest patient who underwent surgery were female, with a 82 yr. The range is 82-12=70g. The average age of the patients was 51 years, with dominant females 76.4%. Cholecystitis chronice is present in 423 (62.3%), cholecystitis acuta 251 (37%). Cholelythiasa 666 98%. Acalculosa 13 (1.91%). Calculosis gallbladder was present in 666 (98.1%) cases. OP: Solitary holelithiasis, 149 (22.4%), multiple holelithiasis 517 (77.6%). The absence of cholelithiasis in biliary diseases was verified in 13 (1.91%) patients. Holecistit empyema was verified in 8 (1.18%) cases. The structure of the surgical findings shows that gallbladder represents the dominant place of infectious processes in the acute pathology of extrahepatic bile ducts. 436 (64.2%). Hydrops 47 (10.8%). Empyema 102 (23.4%). Acute complications related to the spread of infection from the gallbladder put the main biliary tree and free abdominal cavity were registered in 2 (0.46%). Abscessus subhepatis 11 (2.52%). Choledocholythiasis 6 (1.38%). Cholangitis ac 17 (3.9%). Neo vesicae felleae 7 (1.03%). From that polypus vesicae felleae 2 (0.4%), ca vesicae felleae 4 (0.59%). There hepatocholedoci 1 (1.15%). Meta and hepato 4 (0.59%). M: F = 2: second Icterus 8 (1.18%). The ratio of M: F = 7: 1. Incidenca baktibilije analyzed in the entire series was 57%. Microbiological analysis of samples identified teen bacterial species.

Introduction: Health food safety is an absolute priority, whether it is a physical-chemical and microbiological safety. This applies particularly to vulnerable population groups. Particularly vulnerable population group is pre-school children. In this age, in addition to health security, as an important segment of the nutritional value of food. Nutritional value represents the energy value of meals, as well as a total in a certain amount (100g), as it looks at the energy density of meals. A reliable indicator of nutritional value, in addition to the mere satisfaction of energy needs, the amount and concentration ratio of macronutrients. This paper deals with the energy value of daily meals in preschools in Macva administrative district. The quality of the meal depends on several factors, such as the selection of food, preparation methods, expertise, personnel to create menus. This work focused on the economic situation in the whole society, as a factor affecting the quality of daily meals in preschools in Macva administrative district. Aim: To investigate the existence of statistically significant differences in the quality of daily meals in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Materials and methods: During the period under review were collected and analyzed data on the quality of the food at nine preschools in Macva administrative district. Data on the total caloric value, energy value in 100 grams, as well as data on the proportion of macronutrients carbohydrates, fats and proteins are analized and compared. The comparison of the results with the current regulations in the Republic of Serbia, and testing the statistical significance of the energy value variation and content of macronutrients in the observed poreioda. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that the total energy value does not satisfy 75% of daily needs, and that there is a significant reduction in the share of protein and increase in the proportion of carbohydrates. Test results indicate that due to the impact of the deterioration of the economic situation decreased quality of daily meals. Reducing the quality is reflected in statistically significant decrease in the share of proteins.

Injury of the deltoid ligament as a component of the lateral malleolus fractures is caused by the fact rotational forces during the support. The aim of this research is to examine the functional results of the patient who had undergone suture of the deltoid ligament and osteosynthesis of fracture of the lateral malleolus. In a retrospective study the analysis included a series of 45 patients.The diagnosis of rupture of the deltoid ligament is made based on physical findings islands and tenderness in the region of the deltoid ligament and roentgenographic confirmation width of the medial joint space > 4 mm. There is a high degree of correlation with the 25 (55.55%) patients between excellent functional outcomes of treatment calculated by Gregory[11] score and great roentgenographic findings by Konrath score[12]. The total clinical scores of subjective and objective clinical assessment by Gregory of a sample of patients, characterized by an excellent, even with the 40 (88.89%) patients. In the literature there is no agreement on the method of treatment of the deltoid ligament rupture associated with fractures of the lateral malleolus. Based on theoretical considerations, a number of authors advocate surgical treatment discontinued deltoid ligament. In our series, using suture of the deltoid ligament and osteosynthesis of the lateral malleolus, the best results are obtained with the PAB fracture, lower percentages of excellent results is with the SER fractures. The worst result was obtained with the PER type fracture. Anatomical and functional integrity of all parts of the talocrural joint that allows harmony of movement and stability is achieved with osteosynthesis of lateral malleolus and suture of the deltoid ligament.

A cardiovascular comorbidity (CVC) in psychiatric patients represents a simultaneous occurrence of a cardiovascular and a mental illness in the same patient regardless of the order of occurrence or of the cause and effect relationship that conjoins them. The objective was to determine the frequency and sort of the CVC in previously hospitalized patients with diagnoses of schizophrenic and affective disorders along with the differences in distribution of said disorders between the two groups of patients. Design-wise this is a retrospective study of intersections. It is based on the analytics of medical data (the history of disease along with the internal medicine consultant reviews) of the hospitalized patients in the Clinic for psychiatric disorders “Dr. Laza Lazarević” in Belgrade during the period between November 2014 and February 2015. Patients who were involved were older than 18 and they had diagnoses of schizophrenic disorders (F20-F29) and affective disorders (F30-F39), according to diagnostic criteria in the International classification of diseases 10 (ICD-10). CVC which were previously diagnosed or registered during the examination we separated into the following groups according to ICD-10: hypertension (HTA) I10, cardiac arrhythmia (CA) I47-I49, chronic cardiomyopathy (CMP) I42-I43 and ischemic heart disease (IHD) 120-125. The two groups of patients were analyzed according with socio-demographic characteristics (gender and age range) and CVC diagnosed according to MKB-10 classification. CVC were registered in 66% of the patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 34% of the patients with affective disorders. Hypertension was most common in both groups of patients following with cardiac arrhythmia. Cardiac arrhythmias were statistically significantly more common in patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorders (p<0.001) compared to patients with affective disorders. The frequency of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and chronic cardiomyopathy rises with age in both groups of patients. The results of this research confirm a high degree of CVC in hospitalized patients with diagnoses of schizophrenic and affective disorders (especially cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension). A multidisciplinary team is the key for diagnosing and monitoring patients with schizophrenic and affective diseases in both primary and secondary preventions.

Oral health is an integral part of the general health of humans and significantly affect the quality of life. Dental caries is today the most widespread disease of our civilization, which if untreated leads to tooth loss. It is significant to note that studies show the possibility of successful prevention of diseases of the oral cavity. Traditionally, there has always been lower economic and educational level of the population in rural areas, and also a lower availability of dental services. Possible reasons for this include the lack of pediatric dental offices in schools in rural areas, the greater the distance of the dentist, the lack of properly organized school dental care, lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health by their parents as role models and unfavorable socio-economic status. The aim of this study was to examine the level of awareness and habits of children and parents toward oral hygiene and bad habits in the Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija and to compare them with children who live in urban areas in Kosovska Mitrovica. The study included 160 elementary school students in the area of Kosovska Mitrovica (urban area) and the Serbian enclaves on Kosovo and Metohia (rural area) which included elementary school students from Sirinić District, the Kosovo Morava, the central Kosovo, villages of Suvo Grlo and Banja in municipality Istok. By examining the frequency of tooth brushing we found that 32 (40%) of children in enclaves brush their teeth once a day, 40 (50%) two times a day, and only 8 (5%) of them maintain hygiene teeth 3 times a day. Boys who wash their teeth three times a day were 12.5% and 37.5% of girls. The children from the enclave more often come to the dentist when they have an appointment (33:8), while children from Kosovska Mitrovica more often come to the quarterly control (21:4). An interesting fact is that 15.33% of children from urban areas cited as a source of oral health information from the Internet and Android application for mobile phone or tablet. The difficult security situation, limited freedom of movement, the poorly developed dental services, poor health education and promotion of oral health of the population of Serbian enclaves, the reason for the weaker informing children and parents about preventive dental measures. It is necessary to mobilize all sectors of society on joint actions aimed at the promotion of oral health.

Termin „akutni infarkt miokarda“ koristi se kada postoji dokaz za nekrozu miokarda u situaciji kada klinička slika ukazuje na ishemiju miokarda. Prosečno godišnje u svetu od akutnog infarkta miokarda oboli 6 miliona ljudi, letalni ishod se javi kod više od 25% slučajeva. Identifikacija najvažnijih epidemioloških karakteristika infarkta miokarda u srpskim sredinama Kosova i Metohije. U radu je korišćena epidemiološka studija preseka (cross sectional). U periodu od 2004-2011 na Kosovu i Metohiji (srpske sredine) prijavljeno je ukupno 421 obolelih od akutnog infarkta miokarda. Odnos obolelih muškaraca u odnosu na broj obolelih žena iznosi 2,69:1. Najveći broj obolelih (92) kao i najviša nestandardizovana stopa incidencije akutnog infarkta miokarda (59,13/100000 stanovnika) registrovani su 2008. godine. Učestalost obolevanja od akutnog infarkta miokarda pokazuje statistički značajnu povezanost sa uzrastom obolelih i polom (hi-kvadrat =21,39, DF=1, p<0,001). Linearni trend stope incidencije pokazuje pozitivan trend sa porastom broja obolelih (y=33.8+2.3x). Validni podaci o umrlim osobama su dostupni za period od 2008. do 2011. godine. U tom periodu od akutnog infarkta miokarda je umrlo 166 lica. Odnos umrlih muškaraca i umrlih žena je iznosio 1,22:1. Nestandardizovane stope mortaliteta akutnog infarkta miokarda kretale su se od 41,77/100000 stanovnika, zabeležene 2008. godine do 17,35/100000 stanovnika, 2011.godine. Linearni trend stope mortaliteta pokazuje negativan trend sa smanjenjem broja umrlih (y=26.7-3.6x). Akutni infarkt miokarda je česta bolest na Kosovu i Metohiji. U razboljevanju dominiraju osobe muškog pola, uzrasta preko 50 godina. Gotovo 60% umrlih su stariji od 70 godina. Razboljevanje ima pozitivan trend, dok je trend umiranja negativan.

The neurons of the sympathetic trunk as well as the other nerve cells undergo of many changes during life. The most striking of these morphological changes, during normal aging, is the accumulation of lipofuscin-filled vacuoles or neuromelanin. Considering that the pigment is a non-biodegradable and can not be removed by exocytosis, the process of its accumulation in cells is unavoidable. The role of lipofuscin and its impact on cell function is not quite clear. Some authors consider that pigment does not damage the function of the cell, unless it contains lipofuscin in large quantities, and then it mechanically prevents its function so that could lead to cell death. Since we found a very little data in the literature about using morphometric methods in accumulation of pigment in ganglion cells or quantified observed changes, we set that the aim of this study is to confirm the presence of pigment in ganglionar cells of the symphatetic trunk, when it occurs in grater extent, as well as dinamics of its accumulation (quantification of ganglionar cells without pigment, those with partial presence of pigment, and those that were complitely filled with pigment) by using numerical density. For morphometric analysis we used test system M42. To determine the numerical density of ganglionar cells we used a method for thick cuts by Floderus. We found that interneuronal accumulation of lipofuscin is directly correlated with the aging process.

Determination of direction of car impact on pedestrian is complex interdisciplinary biomechanical analysis, which sintetize the work of legal medicine and traffic engineering professions. Injury characteristics depends on constitution and position of pedestrian, and type of passenger car. There are different mechanisms of injury arising from sum of effect of complex mechanical forces, from motion and impact on human body. Results are showing that new generation car, with aerodinamic wedge front, favorize occurrence of hyperextensive injuries, while speed presents dominant factor of intensity of injuries. In modern traffic conditions, we found multiple reduction of number of deaths of pedestrians in road traffic accidents.