Parathyroid glands are small endocrine gland in the neck that men secrete parathyroid hormone , or PTH ( PTH) , which together with calcitonin and vitamin - D has a primary role in regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the body. The most common disease of the parathyroid gland presents increased and uncontrolled secretion of PTH , which can be defined as primary hyperparathyroidism, if occurs as a result of enhanced functions of one or more of the parathyroid glands , or secondary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs most often in chronic renal failure or as a result of the deficiency of vitamin D. In our case report we describe a patient with cancer paratioidnih gland , which is a very rare disease and is the rarest malignant endocrine tumor

Endocardial endothelium (EE) is a barrier which controls the passage of macromolecules and fluids between the blood and the adjacent miocardial interstitium. At the same time it is the place of synthesis of numerous endothelial mediators. Histamine as an inflammation mediator increases the permeability of the endothelium, but also has a positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart through the activation of histamine H1 and H2 receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the role of endocardial endothelium in the effect of histamine on myocardial contraction in the conditions of histamine receptors blockade. The study was carried out on the samples of the right ventricle of the albino Wistar rats (n = 42, age 8 weeks, body mass 180-200g) presented in two experimental models. The first experimental model presented the right ventricle of the rat heart with an intact endocardial endothelium and the second with the endothelium chemically removed by immersion of the chamber in a 1% solution of Triton X-100. Histamine (1x10-4 mol/l) increases the contraction of the right ventricle of the heart with intact endocardial endothelium but also with the removed endocardial endothelium. The effect of the histamine on the contraction was significantly increased in the absence of endocardial endothelium (p<0.05). H1 receptor antagonist, pyrilamine (1x10-6 mol/l) significantly inhibites the positive inotropic effect of histamine on the heart in both groups, with or without endocardial endothelium. Modulatory role of endocardial endothelium in the effect of histamine after the receptors blockade by pyrilamine is not significant. H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine (1x10-4 mol/l), blocks the positive inotropic effect of histamine on the heart reagardless of the preservation of the endocardial endothelium. Our results indicate the undoubted importance of the modulatory role of endocardial endothelial in the effect of histamine on myocardial contraction.

Cataract is a dysfunction of the lens of the eye caused by clouding. By far the most common type of cataract is the senile cataract. The immediate cause of the occurrence of cataract is unknown, but oxidative stress is considered important in its etiopathogenesis. The aim: to examine the intensity of oxidative stress, depending on the type and maturity of senile cataract, through the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in the aqueous humor of the patients diagnosed with senile cataract. The average activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in the aqueous humor of the patients with early nuclear cataract was 41.16 U/mL, which is a significantly higher value (p<0.01) when compared with that of the patients with other types of early cataract, as well as with that of the patients with total cataract (33.88 U/mL). With aging the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme decreases, hence the average activity of the enzyme was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the group of patients over 75 years of age (36.28 U/mL vs. 28.91 U/mL).

Basal cell carcinoma is a slow-growing malignant skin tumor and its often found in elderly patients on sun exposed areas that confirming chronic UV radiation. Demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of the patients have been analyzed of nodular type of basal cell carcinoma in order to determine correlation between localization, duration and tumor size. Database was searched for medical records of patients with nodular BCC evaluated in Health Center of Kosovska Mitrovica and Clinical Center of Nis during the period of 2006 through 2008 year with the focus on demographic characteristics, localization, duration, size and clinical and histological characteristics of the tumor. Results: 36 patients with nodular BCC, 14 female and 22 male, in average old between 72.5±7.26 years of age. Two thirds of patients is older than 60 years and only 3 (8.33%) male patients are younger than 60 years of age. 72.11% of patients living in rural areas unlike 27.77% that lives in urban areas. Nodular type is occurring more often in males on skin of frontal and zygomatical region and in females on zygomatic and nose region. We found that the size of the tumor is in close correlation with length of duration of illness. Nodal BCC is more common in elderly male patients. Nodular type is occurring more often in males on skin of frontal and zygomatical region with a different distribution among women.

During pregnancy, many women experience vaginal infections due weakening of the immune system and changes in hormonal status. The symptoms that accompany this occurrence are common: burning, itching, pain during sexual intercourse and abundant malodorous discharge. Treatment of these infections is essential and must be vigorously and effectively, both for the mother and the fetus, because women are at high risk of serious complications, such as premature birth and miscarriage. This problem requires serious approach.

Frequent occurrence of dental caries and periodontal diseases, especially gingivitis, in school-aged children, is becoming one of the most important problems in oral pathology, although they all can be brought under control through health education and implementation of preventive and prophylactic measures. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of dental caries and gingivitis in children, aged 12 years, attending primary schools in Kosovska Mitrovica, as an urban area, and schools in Gračanica and Laplje Selo, as rural areas. The study included 227 schoolchildren, aged 12 years, divided into two groups. One group, 129 of them, consisted of children from primary schools in Kosovska Mitrovica, as urban areas. The other group, 98 of them, consisted of children from primary schools in Gračanica and Laplje Selo, as rural areas. Klein-Palmer DMFT system (D-Decayed, M-Missing, F-filled) was used to estimate the prevalence of dental caries, while Silness-Löe plaque index, Löe-Silness gingival index and Muhlemann sulcus bleeding index were used to estimate the level of oral hygiene, gingival status and severity of gingival inflammation. The average number of permanent teeth with caries per respondent (DMFT) was 4.6 in total, for all children. The average value of DMFT in children from urban areas was 3.8, and 5.3 in children from rural areas. SiC Index was 7.9. The average value of the plaque index (PI) was 1.53±0.61, of the gingival index (GI)1.05±0.58 and of the bleeding index (BI) 0.64±0.59. The established state of oral health and periodontium in examined children points to the necessity of applying modern preventive and prophylactic measures in order to improve the oral health and increase the motivation for the overall health care.