Introduction: Solar or artificial UVA radiation play a major role in photoaging of the skin. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the presence of morphological changes in the dermis of mouse skin exposed to UVA radiation, with or without the usage of photoprotective cream. Methods: This experiment involved the exposure of female BALBc mice, to solarium UVA lamps. The animals were divided into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Before the radiation exposure, the hair on the backs of the experimental animals and one kontrol group was removed by shaving 3 times a week, and a half an hour before the exposure a broad spectrum photoprotective cream (UVA filter and SPF 50) was applied on half of the experimental animals. The animals were exposed to radiation 5 times a week, 2 hours a day (the dosage of 156 J/ cm2), for 16 weeks, up to a total radiation of 12500 J/cm2. Results: The presence of impaired collagen fibril network was the most pronounced in the experimental group of animals exposed to radiation without the usage of photoprotective cream (p<0.001). The presence of normal collagen fibril network was observed in the both control groups (p<0.001). The presence of incipient solar elastosis was observed in the experimental group of animals exposed to radiation without the usage of photoprotective cream. Conclusions: The results showed that the usage of a photoprotective cream provided an efficient protection against the effects of UVA radiation and dermal photoaging.

When pulp tissue gets exposed, therapy procedures are supposed to promote healing and to ease forming of reparative dentin in order to preserve vitality and health of the pulp. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) procedure includes removal of the local irritants as well as application of protective materials directly or indirectly on tooth pulp. Vital pulp therapy may be used for the treatment of the reversible pulp diseases in order to promote root development and to form apical region which will ensure correct endodontic tooth treatment in later stages. There are numerous controversies concerning vital pulp therapy but mostly related to the choice of the materials, correct technique and evaluation of the final therapy results. The goal of the experimental research is to use scanning electron and polarized microscopy to analyze modifications on cellular and extracellular components of the tooth pulp after direct and indirect overlaying with materials on the calcium hydroxide basis (Calcimol VOCO USA). We will also determine the appearance of dental surface after direct and indirect overlaying and if Calcimol proves good and effective in dentinogenesis, we will propose it for clinical usage. Research has been conducted on experimental animals (pig). Materials used in this research were on calcium hydroxide - base, Calcimol. V class preparation has been applied on the teeth of the experimental group. Eleven teeth have been overlaids directly and the same number of teeth has been overlaid indirectly. After the preparation, materials based on calcium hydroxide have been applied and cavity has been closed with materials from the glass ionomer cement group (FUJI IX GC Japan). Teeth that were treated with pulp perforation had their chambers filled with materials on calcium hydroxide-base and their cavities were closed with glass ionomer cement (FUJI IX GC Japan). Correctly prepared teeth have been observed with SEM and polarization microscopes. Observing and analyzing of the results with polarization and scanning electron microscope in comparison with control group showed that gained results may have significant clinical implication in biological pulp treatment. Directly applied Calcimol observed through polarization microscope points to intensive changes in blood vessels and beginnings of erythrocyte disintegration, distinct extravasation, and appearance of the small necrotic spots. SEM analyzes shows contact of the amalgam-Calcimol without new amorphous dentinal structures. Indirectly applied Calcimol observed through polarization microscope points to newly formed dentinal structures, calcification cores surrounded by huge cells and blood vessels presence. SEM analyzes shows clear border between newly formed dentinal tubules and ordinary dentinal structure. Gained results suggest application of the Calcimol as a material for indirect pulp overlay while its application in indirect overlay isn’t indicated.

Youth is a critical age to begin experimenting with alcohol and tobacco, whereby social prestige, self-assertion, relaxation from difficulties, the way of showing rebellion against authority and valid social norms are cited as motives. Consumption of alcohol and tobacco during the period of personality formation leads to permanent behavioral disorders, while the biological characteristics of young people determine the faster development of addiction to these substances regarding to adults. In addition, the social position of young people and the position of their families are extremely jeopardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among students of the University of Pristina with a temporary headquarters in Kosovska Mitrovica, i.e. to establish the connection between these habits and the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the students. The research was done as a cross sectional study on a representative sample of students of the University of Pristina with a temporary headquarters in Kosovska Mitrovica, in March and April 2011. The survey covered 567 subjects. The questionnaire served as a research instrument, the same that was used in researching the health behavior of students from other universities in the Republic of Serbia in 2000. The data were processed using descriptive statistics while the hi-square test was used to analyze the data. Out of the total number of surveyed students, a quarter (24.7%) answered that they were smoking cigarettes, while 91.4% of our respondents tasted alcohol. The highest proportion of respondents from the Faculty of Arts claims to consume cigarettes, students who get 4001-5000 dinars per week, as well as respondents who are "not particularly satisfied" with the their choice of faculty. The highest proportion of male students and students whose weekly pocket is from 2001 to 2000 dinars consume alcohol.

Injury of the deltoid ligament as a component of the lateral malleolus fractures is caused by the fact rotational forces during the support. The aim of this research is to examine the functional results of the patient who had undergone suture of the deltoid ligament and osteosynthesis of fracture of the lateral malleolus. In a retrospective study the analysis included a series of 45 patients.The diagnosis of rupture of the deltoid ligament is made based on physical findings islands and tenderness in the region of the deltoid ligament and roentgenographic confirmation width of the medial joint space > 4 mm. There is a high degree of correlation with the 25 (55.55%) patients between excellent functional outcomes of treatment calculated by Gregory[11] score and great roentgenographic findings by Konrath score[12]. The total clinical scores of subjective and objective clinical assessment by Gregory of a sample of patients, characterized by an excellent, even with the 40 (88.89%) patients. In the literature there is no agreement on the method of treatment of the deltoid ligament rupture associated with fractures of the lateral malleolus. Based on theoretical considerations, a number of authors advocate surgical treatment discontinued deltoid ligament. In our series, using suture of the deltoid ligament and osteosynthesis of the lateral malleolus, the best results are obtained with the PAB fracture, lower percentages of excellent results is with the SER fractures. The worst result was obtained with the PER type fracture. Anatomical and functional integrity of all parts of the talocrural joint that allows harmony of movement and stability is achieved with osteosynthesis of lateral malleolus and suture of the deltoid ligament.