Introduction: One of the basic tasks of the orthodontist is to establish a proper dental array, to provide a favorable mastication function and an adequate appearance of the maxillofacial complex.Aim: The aim of this paper was to determine whether the values obtained from Moyers' tablets within the 75% probability correspond to the values the width of the side segment measured on our population. Subjects and method: The study included 60 people with a constant dentition of age from 15 to 18 years (30 men and 30 women). Results: The total tooth width of the side segment in the upper and lower jaw obtained from Moyers's analysis is significantly higher than Our findings, regardless of gender, with an average of about 1mm. Conclusion: We have defined the new regression equations for calculating the size of the C-P2 segment for the upper and lower jaws especially for men and especially for females.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in development of ulcer lessions of the rats exposed to indomethacin induced stress. It has been suggested that endogenous opioids releassed during the stress may attenuate gastric ulcer lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of morpine on development of ulcer lessions, pathohistological alterations and antioxidative status in stomach of the rats exposed to indomethacin induced stress. Research was performed on adult, male Wistar rats weighting 200-230 g. Indomethacin stress was induced by intragastric administration of indomethacin at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. 6 hours before sacrificing. Morphine was applied intraperitoneally, in the doses of 10 mg/kg b.w. 15 minutes before indomethacin induced stress. The size of lesions in the form of petechiae and erosion, is expressed as the total surface of changes (mm2), i.e. ulcer index (UI). The pathohistological samples were analyzed by Leica DML S2 light microscope, and specific changes were photodocumented with Canon Power Shot S70 digital camera. In the homogenate of the stomach, the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were measured, as well as the reduced glutathione content (GSH) and the lipid peroxidation intensity (Lpx). Morphine significantly reduced the ulcer index (UI) in animals exposed to indomethacin stress and the presence of large amounts of mucus in the stomach mucosal was established histopathologically. The use of morphine in the pretreatmant of indomethacin induced stress statistically significantly reduced the activity of all enzymes in the stomach compared to the control group, and this activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and glutathione reductase (GR ), xanthine oxidase (XOD),as well as the lipid peroxidation intensity (Lpx), while the reduced glutathione content remained unchanged. Gastroprotective morphine activity in animals exposed to indomethacin induced stress is most likely a consequence of the strengthening of cytoprotective mechanisms rather than antioxidant action.

Quality of sleep is one of the prerequisites of health and life and work performance. During the anonymous testing by applying Pittsburgh scale, it was analyzed quality of sleep of the students of the University of Novi Sad. A total of 576 people. Results show that the quality of sleep is the best with the students of the Faculty of Sport. Students of the Faculty of Medicine have the shortest sleep, but quality of sleep is rated good. The duration of sleep is the longest with the students of the Faculty of Philosophy, and the quality is lower than in the other study groups.

Introduction: Direct and indirect pulp capping is a therapeutic procedure to preserve the tooth's vitality. The aim was to scan electron and polarization microscopy: analyze changes in cellular and extracellular components of dental pulp after direct and indirect overlay with glass-ionomer cement (GIC), determine the appearance of the dentine surface after direct and indirect pulping overlap with GIC and forms a proposal for a clinical application of preparations if it provides good and effective dentingenesis. Methods: The experiment was performed on experimental animals (domestic swine). For this research, alkaline cement was used ALFAGAL* bejz. On the teeth of the experimental group, preparations of the V class were made from the vestibular side. Twenty-two teeth were made indirectly, and twenty –two teeth directly covered with pulp. After completion of the preparation, dentin is directly covered with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Alfagal* bejz. Through the ALFAGAL material for definitively closing cavities (amalgam) is laid. On the teeth where the perforation of the pulp chamber was made, ALFAGAL bejz was loaded directly into the pulp chamber, and through this the cavity was definitely sealed with GIC FUJI IX (GC Japan). Suitably prepared teeth and pulp were observed by SEM and a polarization microscope. Results: By observing and analyzing the obtained results, on a polarization and scanning electron microscope compared to the control group, results were obtained which can have a significant clinical implication in the biological treatment of the pulp. Alfagalbejz is directly applied in the pulp chamber: the boundary between newly developed reparative dentine is detected in the normal dentine structure, amorphous dentine, reproduction of connective tissue cells without pro inflammatory reactions and initial dedifferentiation in odontoblast, young blood vessels and cells (fibrocytes, histiocytes and fibroblasts) are observed. Indirectly applied Alfagal* bejz indicates the presence of different maturation stages of dentin, dentinal canals are clearly visible with a normal dentin structure, zero amorphous dentine and immature dentine structure are observed as well. The presence of an amorphous calcite of the dentine structure indicates the initial creation of a solid tissue barrier, which is the goal of the experiment. Conclusion: The results obtained by experimental research suggest ALFAGAL bejz as a good material for the direct and indirect overlap of the pulp.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory sleep disorder and present the occurrence of a minimum of five interruptions in breathing and/or the decrease in ventilation for more than 50%, minimum duration of 10 seconds, during one hour of sleeping (apnea/hypopnea index -AHI) with the existence of daytime and nighttime difficulties.The diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing is made by polysomnography testing in specialized centers. Depending on the type and severity of the disorder different therapeutic modalities are available:hygienic-dietary regimen and lifestyle, use of oral appliances (OA), noninvasive ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)through a mask during sleep time and surgical approach to upper airways. CPAP is a gold standard in sleep apnea syndrome treatment, especially in severe forms of OSA.A therapy of choice for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea and at the same time an alternative treatment for CPAP intolerance are oral appliances.A mandibular advancement device and a tongue-retaining device are in use. Simplicity, portability, lack of noise, independence from a power source, and potentially lower cost, bring potential advantages over CPAP.By increasing the volume of upper airways, the number of obstructive breathing events is being significantly reduced, and arterial oxygen saturation is being improved. A close cooperation and surveillance by medical doctor and dentist is required, from the correct choice and drafting of oral appliance, through initial patient's accommodation to treatment, to long-term follow-up of therapeutic effect in sleep medicine laboratories.

This case report describes the application of adhesively cemented restorations made out of related, although not identical types of ceramic materials in the treatment of inborn hypodontia of the lateral incisors, as well as the aesthetic imperfections of certain teeth in the whole smile. Considering the minimally invasive approach, and the preservation of natural tooth fibers, the restorations have shown to be acceptable both aesthetically and functionally, and have proven themselves as a safe and comfortable solution for patients.

Determination of preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value is primary procedure in diagnosis of different pathological prostate changes (prostate cancer-PC, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-PIN and benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH), followed by digital rectal examination and prostate biopsy as gold standard. Disadvantage of high sensitivity and low specificity of PSA testing in diagnosis of PC is a problem in clinical practice. Aim was to determine the diagnostic performance of PSA in diagnosis of PC, PIN and BPH. The study included 100 patients divided into three groups: 70 with PC, 20 with a PIN and 10 with BPH. Patients with PIN and BPH were control group. Preoperative PSA values were determined by Tandem-R, The patients were divided into subgroups by baseline PSA level as follows: 4-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and> 40. The definitive histopathological diagnosis was made on routine hematoxylineosin slides. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity-SE and specificity-SP of each PSA level were evaluated for PC. Preoperative serum PSA levels in patients with PC (median-35.82 ng/ml, min-6 ng/ml, max-960.40 ng/ml) were significantly higher than with PIN (median-9.15 ng/ml, min-3.16 ng/ml, max-27.61 ng/ml) and BPH (median-8.68 ng/ml, min0.80 ng/ml, max-31.20 ng/ml). The best diagnostic characteristics of the PSA are on limit value 10 ng/ml (AUC=0.781, SE=92.9%; SP=63.3%; p<0,0001). PSA is of great help in diagnosis of advanced and initial form of PC. The chance of PC diagnosis was greater than that for other pathological changes when PSA level was higher than 10 ng/ml.

Acute bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract is an urgent condition with high morbidity, and a significant mortality despite advanced diagnostics and therapy. The goal is to investigate the determinants of the severity of duodenal peptic ulcer bleeding. The research included 304 patients hospitalized for acute bleeding from the upper part of gastrointestinal tract in a five year period. They had been treated in the Clinical Hospital Center Bežanijska Kosa in Belgrade. The diagnosis was made via gastroduodenoscopy. Out of the 304 patients, 197 (65%) suffered from bleeding peptic ulcer. 144 (73,1%) patients suffered from bleeding duodenal ulcer, most frequently with bulbar localization 124/86 (12%); 78 (62,9%) with a duodenal bulb back wall lesion. 48 (35,1%) of the bleeding duodenal ulcers were in the Forrest Ib stage, in 68 (47,2%) patients the size of the ulcer lesion was between 1,1-2,0 cm. A statistically positive correlation was determined between the duodenal ulcer lesions and the intensity of the bleeding (p<0,005). With 68/79/86,1% patients treated endoscopically, haemostasis was successful, whereas in 13/19,1%, rebleeding was localized in 11/84,6% in the duodenum bulb bask wall.