The most significant prostate diseases (PD) are benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
(PIN) and prostate cancer (PC). Generally, all PD are rare before the age of 50 with growing number of patients, primarily
with BHP, with each next decade, but about decade later the highest number of PIN and PC began to report. The aim of this
paper is to examine some of clinical, biochemical and histopathological characteristics of BPH, PIN and PC. Our sample
consisted of 169 men. Statisticaly the most common PD was BPH-77.5%, and the rarest PIN-8.3% (p<0.001). The average age of patients was 70.6±7.5 years (51-89) with no significant differences between diagnosis (p=0.415). PIN and PC are more often found in people from urban areas (p=0.004). In the central prostate area BPH is significantly higher in 88.5% (p<0.001). Peripheral parts are significantly more common places of PIN and PC (p<0.001). Median serum PSA values is statistically highest in PC-87.2 ng/ml (12.7-372.5), (p<0,001), especially those with predominantly peripheral parts localization. Gleason score is an important prognostic factor, with average value at PC is 7.32±1.4 (5-10), with a significantly higher values for diffuse PC. BPH is the most common, and PIN rarest PD. All diseases have occurred in people older than 50 years. Usually, BPH is in central and PIN and PC in peripheral prostate parts. PSA values were highest at PC, which is a prove of its importance in malignancy early detection.

Introduction:Although placement of the central venous catheter is a routine procedure carried out by anesthesiologists, it
carries a certain risk of complications. One of the complications is malposition, or inadequate catheter position.

Case report: We present a case of the patient who was admitted to an intensive care unit due to head injury and blood
vomiting. The central venous catheter was inserted through the right internal jugular vein. Due to haemodynamic instability and the need for fluid and blood infusion, a chest x-ray examination was not immediately performed to evaluate the position of the catheter. After the patient was stabilized, the test was performed and revealed that the tip of the catheter was not located in the superior vena cava but in the right subclavian vein.

Conclusion: This case has shown that the misplacement of the central venous catheter tip is not unusual. Once in the venous system, even when it is not located in the superior vena cava, it can be used for initial fluid replacement and drug administration, and after the patient is stabilized, the repositioning or placement of a new catheter should be considered. 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with periods of remission and exacerbation and consequential defect of the pulmonary function. It is estimated that around 3 million people die from it annually and predicted that until 2030 the number of deaths will be up to 6 million per year. According to the reports of the World Health Organization and Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) it is predicted that COPD in the next decade will be the third leading cause of death in the world.[ 1, 2 ] It is characterized by limited air flow in the breathing pathways which is not completely reversible to therapy. Since there are systemic inflammations at COPD, the mechanisms of the processes have consequences outside the lungs also. Comorbidities are frequent at patients with the Chronic obstructive lung disease and they affect the disease prognosis substantially. The most common comorbidities are cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, anemia, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression, pulmonary embolism.

Introduction: Hernia is a defect of the continuity of the normal musculoaponeurotic and fascicular abdominal wall, which allows the release of any tissue, except those that normally pass through the apertures on the abdominal wall. Aim: The aim of the paper is to show the frequency of pathological changes in the inguinal region, their timely diagnosis and treatment, in order to avoid the severe consequences of their complications. Material and methods: For this study two-year material of the Surgical Clinical Hospital Clinical Hospital Priština in Gracanica was used, where we analyzed 102 patients who were operated in this center due to pathological changes in the inguinal region. Results: Male males are represented by 91 (89.22%), and female sex with 11 (10.78%) cases. Hernia was recorded in 86 (84.31%) and testicular retention in 16 (15.69%) patients. Femoral hernia in children is extremely rare and occurs in about 0.2% of all hernias of childhood. The femoral hernias on the left with faded and gangrenous left adnex were found in a baby only three months old, where adnectomy was done. Primary hernias was 84 (97.63%) of the patients, while we recorded recurrent hernias in two (2.33%) patients. With one child, we did a recurrent retention of testicles, which was done for a year in another institution. Postoperative complications were reported in one (0.98%) patients, where there was an infection of the wound. Conclusion: In modern surgical practice, it tends to diagnose the hernia at an early stage of development, which facilitates intervention and provides a better postoperative outcome. Incarceration represents a serious complication of all hernias, so timely and accurate diagnosis is needed to take adequate surgical intervention.

Introduction: Direct and indirect pulp capping is a therapeutic procedure to preserve the tooth's vitality. The aim was to scan electron and polarization microscopy: analyze changes in cellular and extracellular components of dental pulp after direct and indirect overlay with glass-ionomer cement (GIC), determine the appearance of the dentine surface after direct and indirect pulping overlap with GIC and forms a proposal for a clinical application of preparations if it provides good and effective dentingenesis. Methods: The experiment was performed on experimental animals (domestic swine). For this research, alkaline cement was used ALFAGAL* bejz. On the teeth of the experimental group, preparations of the V class were made from the vestibular side. Twenty-two teeth were made indirectly, and twenty –two teeth directly covered with pulp. After completion of the preparation, dentin is directly covered with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Alfagal* bejz. Through the ALFAGAL material for definitively closing cavities (amalgam) is laid. On the teeth where the perforation of the pulp chamber was made, ALFAGAL bejz was loaded directly into the pulp chamber, and through this the cavity was definitely sealed with GIC FUJI IX (GC Japan). Suitably prepared teeth and pulp were observed by SEM and a polarization microscope. Results: By observing and analyzing the obtained results, on a polarization and scanning electron microscope compared to the control group, results were obtained which can have a significant clinical implication in the biological treatment of the pulp. Alfagalbejz is directly applied in the pulp chamber: the boundary between newly developed reparative dentine is detected in the normal dentine structure, amorphous dentine, reproduction of connective tissue cells without pro inflammatory reactions and initial dedifferentiation in odontoblast, young blood vessels and cells (fibrocytes, histiocytes and fibroblasts) are observed. Indirectly applied Alfagal* bejz indicates the presence of different maturation stages of dentin, dentinal canals are clearly visible with a normal dentin structure, zero amorphous dentine and immature dentine structure are observed as well. The presence of an amorphous calcite of the dentine structure indicates the initial creation of a solid tissue barrier, which is the goal of the experiment. Conclusion: The results obtained by experimental research suggest ALFAGAL bejz as a good material for the direct and indirect overlap of the pulp.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in young children. Febrile conditions in young children, without specific clinical signs and symptoms are often the result of ITU. Usually later diagnosed and treated. The most common cause of ITU is Escherichia coli. The main problem in the treatment of ITU is increasing resistance to antibiotics. AIM: To point out all the frequent resistance to antibiotics and to compare the frequency of the experimental periods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in the period of 2010-2015. Urine samples for microbiological examination were taken before switching on antibiotics. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software. RESULTS: In our study found 183 patients with a diagnosis of ITU. Somewhat higher percentage were present, patients were female. The highest resistance to ampicillin was found in our results in the time period is 5 years, found a drop resistance Amoxicilin and Amoksiklav. DISCUSSION: Our results showed a strong similarity with the works on the same theme, which is Escherichia coli, the most common cause of ITU in young children. ITU are represented within the female population. CONCLUSION: It is important to continuously monitor the representation of urinary tract infections as well as their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs, because of the increasing presence of the bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics.

Introduction: A self-assessment health condition provides a general approach to creating a picture of the health status of the population. Aim: The aim of the paper is to show the connection between different categories of self-assessed health with socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and with the presence of one or more chronic non-communicable disease of adults in Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohia. Method: The research was carried out as a cross section study. As an instrument for data collection, the questionnaire was applied in the 2013 Survey of the Health of the Population of Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija), which is in line with the European Health Research Questionnaire. For the purposes of our research, the following variables were used; gender, age, education, working status, marital status, the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases, smoking, alcohol use and physical activity. Results: A total of 1067 respondents (51.3% of women) responded, with an average age of 42.2 (± 16.0) years. Most respondents in the survey found that they feel very good or good, a quarter of the middle (not bad or good), while their condition was poor or very poor assessed by just under 5% of respondents. Among the respondents who rated their health condition as poor or very poor, there were significantly more female respondents, middle age and 65 years of age. Also, people with primary and secondary education, economically inactive, and who are inclined to the sedentary way of life, have a poor picture of their health. The frequency of people who assess their health status as bad or very bad is the highest among respondents with two or more chronic diseases. Conclusion: Different categories of self-assessment health show a tendency to connect with different individual characteristics of adult respondents. Our results can help in creating a strategy of action and building preventive programs in a defined area.

Teledentistry is an applied discipline of telemedicine in dentistry. In recent years, this area has been in the focus of interest of researchers. Their studies predominantly deal with the reliability of the methods of teledentistry and their feasibility in various conditions and situations. The studies based on photography and communication of visual information via smart mobile phones have been especially popular. This paper represents a review of the studies about teledentistry published in the last several of years, discuss them and puts forward the recommendations for future research.

Introduction: During the course and development of diverse cardiological diseases different central nervous system complications may develop. These are most frequently related to the nature of the cardiovascular entity itself. Aim: To evaluate the association between atherogenesis factors and border zones strokes within the cerebral medial artery vascularization territories. Methods: In total 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Stroke diagnosis was based according to clinical and neurological examination and brain CT findings. The study analyzed risk factors correspondingly to World Health Organization criteria. Results: In majority of patients (18; 60%) arterial hypertension was diagnosed. Additionally, following condition and risk factors were identified: cardiological diseases (17; 23.3%), cigarette smoking (13, 43.3%), hypercholeterolaemia (9; 30%) and diabetes (7; 23.3%). In the group with cardiological diseases most frequent was myocardial infarction (9; 56.2%), AV block II and III (5, 29.4%), atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response (3; 17.6%). Conclusion: Results of the study point to conclusion that myocardial infarction, AV block II and III, atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, iatrogenic hypertension and traditional risk factors for atherogenesis significantly influences presentation of the border zone strokes within the cerebral medial artery vascularization territories.

Newly synthetized derivative of bile acid, sodium salt of 3α, 7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo 5β cholanic acid (monoketocholanate) expressed a good characteristic as intranasal transport enhancer of xenobiotics.The aim of our sudy was to explore if it has an influence on bile metabolism and to measure its concentration in blood and bile after intravenous and intranasal administration. The experiment was performed in vivo on adult male Wistar rats. The determination of monoketocholanate (MKCh) in rats blood and bile, was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), on an HP ODS2 column, using methanol/acetonitrile/acetate buffer as mobile phase. Absorbances were measured at 210 nm.Blood samples were taken from the prepared right axillary artery in 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes from the beginning of the experiment. Bile was collected in a half an hour intervals,during the three hour period. The results showed that MKCh changed the amount of excreted bile depending on the way of application. Intranasal application increased the bile volume and the MKCh concentration, both in blood and bile compared to the intravenous application (p<0.05). Distributionm of MKCh through animal organism depends on the way of application of the substance, which probably determines its caracterisation as the transport promotor of applied xenobiotics. HPLC has proved as aa relatively simple, fast and effective method for the determination of synthetic bile acid,MKCh in these biological materials.