Introduction: Mental illness is the most common cause of disability and a major public health issue worldwide due to its increasing prevalence, the difficulty of therapeutic treatment and the possible progression of the disease.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the student population over a 5-year period and the connection between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of students and the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the period 2018-2022 at the Institute for Health Protection of Students in Belgrade. Data was obtained by analyzing the questionnaire completed by student including the PHQ-9 questionnaire. The difference between students' socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the presence of depression was examined using the X2 test. Variables that were significant in the X2 test were included in a binary logistic regression. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.

Results: 34047 students participated, 17.53% of whom were identified as individuals with high risk for depression. In the study first graders showed more symptoms of depression than third graders. The students who showed symptoms of depression were typically female, lived with their parents, did not consume alcohol or smoke and exercised 2-3 times per week. In the logistical regression model, alcohol consumption was positively and significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: The preventive measures should focus on lower alcohol consumption and frequent physical activity. Regular systematic examinations and referral to a specialist for the individuals identified as high-risk for depression should be mandatory.

Arterial hypertension is well-known strong risk factor that can lead to the development of coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, and other heart-related issues. Arterial hypertension has increased exponentially in the last few decades in adult men and women. Traditionally arterial hypertension is classified as primary, when no specific cause has been identified and is usually associated with multiple genetic polymorphisms and various environmental factor interactions, and secondary when there are conditions with biological plausibility to cause hypertension. Traditional data in medical textbooks indicate that in 90-95% of cases, arterial hypertension is primary, while only a small percentage of cases have secondary hypertension. European guidelines for elevated blood pressure and hypertension from 2024 indicate a higher prevalence of secondary hypertension, ranging from 10-35% of cases. Secondary hypertension is still not fully understood and often remains undiagnosed. Identifying the underlying cause of secondary hypertension is crucial, as treating the root condition can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and improve overall quality of life. Obesity is a major global health problem and the prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing and simultaneously leads to an increase in the prevalence of both primary and secondary arterial hypertension. Some forms of secondary hypertension cause more severe cardiac damage than primary hypertension and are associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. Secondary hypertension is more often resistant hypertension, which means that it is difficult to achieve target blood pressure values. It is important to timely conduct appropriate examinations and begin treatment promptly.

Future unavoidable development of individualized brain anatomy as a part of personalized medicine requires large databases from a vast number of individual brains. The simple descriptions, important in the clinic, demonstrated the wide morphological and morphometric variability of the sulci and gyri. Today, it is no longer enough, like in traditional anatomy, to simply describe one single, several, or even "all" sulcal/gyral variations in one region of the brain. Potential problems in the comprehensive analysis of their patterns with attempts to suggest further research are briefly reviewed. The medial hemispheric surface is suitable for a morphological pilot study of complete sulcal and gyral variability. Sulcal patterns should be presented in simplified linear form rather than as detailed images, and one useful simplification for analyzing gyral patterns, the essential gyral line, is described. Simultaneous investigation of gyri and sulci is recommended, but the problem is combinations of specific patterns in different percentages. Sophisticated algorithms could recognize cortical patterns and calculate their possible combinations. Anatomical terminology is an unavoidable component of these studies. Big data about variations of sulci and gyri would be useful in personalized medicine but also in genetic studies of potential laws and inheritance of their associations.

UVOD: Atrofični ožiljci nastaju kao česta posledica nelečenih akni, usled smanjene sinteze kolagena i poremećenih mehanizama reparacije tkiva. Plazma bogata trombocitima (PRP) se poslednjih godina sve češće koristi u terapiji ožiljaka zahvaljujući svojim regenerativnim sposobnostima, kao što su stimulacija sinteze kolagena, angiogeneza i remodelovanje tkiva.

PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA: Prikazan je slučaj pacijentkinje starosti 33 godine sa atrofičnim ožiljcima od akni tipa icepick i boxcar, lokalizovanim obostrano na obrazima. Sprovedena su tri PRP tretmana u razmaku od 4-6 nedelja. Korišćen je komercijalni PRP set, a dobijena plazma aplikovana je intradermalno iglom do 30G na dubini od oko 2mm. Sprovedena je klinička evaluacija i fotodokumentacija pre i posle serije tretmana. Nakon sprovedene terapije zabeleženo je značajno kliničko poboljšanje.

ZAKLJUČAK: PRP terapija se pokazala kao efikasna, bezbedna i dobro podnošljiva terapija u lečenju atrofičnih ožiljaka od akni. Iako standardizovan protokol u lečenju atrofičnih ožiljaka ne postoji, ovaj prikaz slučaja podržava PRP kao vrednu samostalnu ili kombinovanu terapijsku proceduru.

KLJUČNE REČI: Plazma bogata trombocitima, atrofični ožiljci od akni

Objective:

To investigate correlation between ultrasonically calculated urinary bladder weight and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods:

3D and 2D measurement of parameters necessary to determine bladder weight: Inner and outer radius of the bladder, in 10 male and 10 female patients with LUTS, with urinary bladder filled to at least 200 ml of urine volume.

Results:

Average urinary bladder weight in males was 53,8 g and in female patient was 45,2 g. We found no statistically significant difference between male and female patients, all with LUTS. We also found that patients in LUTS have hypertrophied bladder, which means that urinary bladder mass should be larger and results in an increase of blader weight and both inner and outer radius of the urinary bladder, that should be detected ultrasonographically, but not too much over of pre- determined variations of normal bladder weight.

Conclusion:

Estimation of urinary bladder weight should be considered as non-invasive approach to patients with LUTS. However, it is more plausible to measure only urinary bladder wall thickness ultrasonically than to calculate urinary bladder weight without built-in software.

Introduction:

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease that occurs due to inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone from the pituitary, or as a result of disorder in which the level of the kidneys cannot adequately respond to the secretion of this hormone. Also, it is known as central diabetes insipidus. The most common causes are head traumas, tumors of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, inflammatory processes, histiocytosis, anomalies in the development of brain. It can appear in the form of familial diabetes insipidus or in certain syndromes (Wolfram syndrome). It is characterized by hypotonic polyuria higher than 3l/24h (which persists if even taking liquids stops), then by nocturia and compensatory polydipsia. Enuresis often occurs among children.

Case report:

A boy, aged 11, lives with his mother and brothers. Mother noticed that the boy was urinating frequently in last few months (diuresis 4.6 l/24h, and 3.25 l/24h). After two months, the boy developed double images and severe headaches, vomiting, inability to see, squinting in the right eye and headache in the back of the head. MNR of the endocranium indicates the presence of a tumor formation. The tumor was surgically removed, and the boy started with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to persistent diabetes insipidus, the boy started using desmopressin-acetate - in tablet form. Active substance desmopressin - acts in the same way as the natural hormone vasopressin and regulates the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The positive effect of taking the drug appeared after three weeks from the start of taking the therapy.

Conclusion:

Central (neurogenic) DI occurs as a result of a relative or absolute deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, which is responsible for the osmolality of body fluids. Based on this case, we want to show the importance of early diagnosis of the disease in order to improve the prognosis and the necessity of careful monitoring of these patients.

The discovery that sunlight can cure rickets was first scientifically confirmed in 1919. Shortly thereafter, in 1924, it was found that inactive lipids in the diet and skin are converted into antirachitic substances under the influence of UV light. Vitamin D (Vit D), also known as the "sunshine vitamin,"
was first identified in 1931. In recent decades, it has regained the focus of interest among the broader scientific community and dermatologists.
Specifically, certain dermatoses have been associated with low Vit D levels, leading to its supplementation in patients. On the other hand, some
dermatoses worsen with sun exposure, necessitating strict avoidance of sunlight and the therapeutic use of Vit D preparations.We are witnessing a
growing number of cases of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, with excessive sun exposure being the primary etiological factor in most
cases. This paper provides a literature review on the historical discovery of Vit D and presents findings from studies examining Vit D levels not only in
various dermatoses but also in other diseases. The number of studies, as well as the spectrum of diseases in which the role of Vit D is being
investigated, continues to increase.

This article focuses on the sonographic axamination techique for evaluation of intracranial translucencies during the first trimester ultrasound scan. Appropriate knowledge of sonographic landmarks is the most important factor for evaluation normal as well as abnormal brain structure, and this examination may enable detection of open spina bifida and Arnold – Chiari anomaly at an early stage of fetal develpoment.

Introduction/Objective 
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol use in the student population of the University of
Belgrade.
Methods 
The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography,
Economics, Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice (by computer
listing), conducted in the period April - June 2010.
Results 
Among our respondents, the highest amount of spirits is consumed by respondents from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, with 22% of
them consuming more than 6 shots on each occasion, while the smallest number of students who drink more than 6 shots on each occasion are from
the Faculty of Economics, with 8%. Students from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, who have the lowest prevalence of cigarette use, consume
alcohol in a binge drinking pattern. The highest frequency of binge drinking in the past year and in the past month before the survey was among
respondents from the Faculty of Geography.
Conclusion 
There is a need for developing a conscience about all the effects that alcohol has, especially physical ones which are not usually noticed
immediately; taking responsibility for own actions; working on a healthy life style and educating people to enhance and improve their health control.

Thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, affect the work of all organs and organ systems. Whether they are in excess or in deficit, they lead to significant disturbances in the homeostasis of the organism, changing first of all the metabolic processes and leading to significant clinical manifestations, primarily in the cardiovascular, but also in other organ systems. The imbalance of thyroid hormones also has oralmanifestations, which are often the reason why patients visit the dentist. However, what worries dentists the most is the possibility of acute decompensation of hyper or hypothyroidism, with the appearance of thyrotoxic storm or myxedema coma, which are life-threatening conditions. Therefore, a valid pre-procedural evaluation and preparation of patients with thyroid hormone function disorders for pre-planned dental interventions is of great importance. During dental procedures, it is necessary to adhere to recommendations regarding the choice of local anesthetics, hemostasis, drug interactions, the possibility of infection and minimizing stress, all in order to avoid acute decompensation of thyroid imbalance.