Introduction: Mental illness is the most common cause of disability and a major public health issue worldwide due to its increasing prevalence, the difficulty of therapeutic treatment and the possible progression of the disease.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the student population over a 5-year period and the connection between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of students and the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the period 2018-2022 at the Institute for Health Protection of Students in Belgrade. Data was obtained by analyzing the questionnaire completed by student including the PHQ-9 questionnaire. The difference between students' socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the presence of depression was examined using the X2 test. Variables that were significant in the X2 test were included in a binary logistic regression. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.

Results: 34047 students participated, 17.53% of whom were identified as individuals with high risk for depression. In the study first graders showed more symptoms of depression than third graders. The students who showed symptoms of depression were typically female, lived with their parents, did not consume alcohol or smoke and exercised 2-3 times per week. In the logistical regression model, alcohol consumption was positively and significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: The preventive measures should focus on lower alcohol consumption and frequent physical activity. Regular systematic examinations and referral to a specialist for the individuals identified as high-risk for depression should be mandatory.

Arterial hypertension is well-known strong risk factor that can lead to the development of coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, and other heart-related issues. Arterial hypertension has increased exponentially in the last few decades in adult men and women. Traditionally arterial hypertension is classified as primary, when no specific cause has been identified and is usually associated with multiple genetic polymorphisms and various environmental factor interactions, and secondary when there are conditions with biological plausibility to cause hypertension. Traditional data in medical textbooks indicate that in 90-95% of cases, arterial hypertension is primary, while only a small percentage of cases have secondary hypertension. European guidelines for elevated blood pressure and hypertension from 2024 indicate a higher prevalence of secondary hypertension, ranging from 10-35% of cases. Secondary hypertension is still not fully understood and often remains undiagnosed. Identifying the underlying cause of secondary hypertension is crucial, as treating the root condition can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and improve overall quality of life. Obesity is a major global health problem and the prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing and simultaneously leads to an increase in the prevalence of both primary and secondary arterial hypertension. Some forms of secondary hypertension cause more severe cardiac damage than primary hypertension and are associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. Secondary hypertension is more often resistant hypertension, which means that it is difficult to achieve target blood pressure values. It is important to timely conduct appropriate examinations and begin treatment promptly.

Future unavoidable development of individualized brain anatomy as a part of personalized medicine requires large databases from a vast number of individual brains. The simple descriptions, important in the clinic, demonstrated the wide morphological and morphometric variability of the sulci and gyri. Today, it is no longer enough, like in traditional anatomy, to simply describe one single, several, or even "all" sulcal/gyral variations in one region of the brain. Potential problems in the comprehensive analysis of their patterns with attempts to suggest further research are briefly reviewed. The medial hemispheric surface is suitable for a morphological pilot study of complete sulcal and gyral variability. Sulcal patterns should be presented in simplified linear form rather than as detailed images, and one useful simplification for analyzing gyral patterns, the essential gyral line, is described. Simultaneous investigation of gyri and sulci is recommended, but the problem is combinations of specific patterns in different percentages. Sophisticated algorithms could recognize cortical patterns and calculate their possible combinations. Anatomical terminology is an unavoidable component of these studies. Big data about variations of sulci and gyri would be useful in personalized medicine but also in genetic studies of potential laws and inheritance of their associations.

UVOD: Atrofični ožiljci nastaju kao česta posledica nelečenih akni, usled smanjene sinteze kolagena i poremećenih mehanizama reparacije tkiva. Plazma bogata trombocitima (PRP) se poslednjih godina sve češće koristi u terapiji ožiljaka zahvaljujući svojim regenerativnim sposobnostima, kao što su stimulacija sinteze kolagena, angiogeneza i remodelovanje tkiva.

PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA: Prikazan je slučaj pacijentkinje starosti 33 godine sa atrofičnim ožiljcima od akni tipa icepick i boxcar, lokalizovanim obostrano na obrazima. Sprovedena su tri PRP tretmana u razmaku od 4-6 nedelja. Korišćen je komercijalni PRP set, a dobijena plazma aplikovana je intradermalno iglom do 30G na dubini od oko 2mm. Sprovedena je klinička evaluacija i fotodokumentacija pre i posle serije tretmana. Nakon sprovedene terapije zabeleženo je značajno kliničko poboljšanje.

ZAKLJUČAK: PRP terapija se pokazala kao efikasna, bezbedna i dobro podnošljiva terapija u lečenju atrofičnih ožiljaka od akni. Iako standardizovan protokol u lečenju atrofičnih ožiljaka ne postoji, ovaj prikaz slučaja podržava PRP kao vrednu samostalnu ili kombinovanu terapijsku proceduru.

KLJUČNE REČI: Plazma bogata trombocitima, atrofični ožiljci od akni

Introduction: This study highlights the importance of transitioning to a modern approach to outpatient surgery, analyzing the safety and feasibility of this treatment model in patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy, with a focus on postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of 626 patients over a five-year period, from 2011 to 2015, at the Surgery Clinic of the "Dr Dragiša Mišović – Dedinje" in Belgrade. This period allowed for a reliable analysis of the safety and feasibility of outpatientthyroid surgery.

Results: A total of 97 hemithyroidectomies and 529 total thyroidectomies were performed. The average age of hemithyroidectomy patients was 51.24 years, and for total thyroidectomy patients, it was 54.88 years. The most common substrates were benign tumors (over 50%) for hemithyroidectomies and multinodular goiters (almost 50%) for total thyroidectomies. The average hospital stay was 1 day for hemithyroidectomies and 1.48 days for total thyroidectomies. Complications included postoperative bleeding (0.57%), subcutaneous hematoma (1.32%), subcutaneous seroma (2.08%), temporary hypocalcemia or hypoparathyroidism (18.9%), permanent hypocalcemia or hypoparathyroidism (0.76%), temporary vocal cord paralysis (2.65%), permanent vocal cord paralysis (1.89%), bilateral vocal cord paralysis (0.19%), and mortality (0%).

Conclusion: The study confirmed the feasibility and safety of outpatient thyroid surgery, with minimal complications and short hospital stays, especially for hemithyroidectomy, but careful postoperative monitoring is required for patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. 

Introduction: Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous and erosive mucocutaneous syndrome associated with malignancy. First of all, it is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, but also with solid tumors.

Case report: We present a 73-year-old female patient who developed polymorphic lesions on the skin and mucous membranes after treatment of nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Disseminated pale erythematous macules, exudative papules and plaques, papulovesicles, pustules, targetoid lesions and bullae are present on the skin, mostly with a flaccid roof, some with a hypopyon. Oral mucosal changes included erosions and ulcerations covered by fibrin deposits. Histopathological examination of several biopsies revealed the presence of interface dermatitis, eosinophils, necrotic keratinocytes, as well as intraepidermal cracks with acantholytic cells, dominated by eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of the perilesional skin showed fluorescent intraepidermal reticular IgG deposits, as well as segmental linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane zone. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed circulating IgG autoantibodies binding to monkey esophagus and rat bladder at a titer of 1:320. Initially, he was treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy, then, in consultation with a hematologist, rituximab therapy was indicated (375 mg/m2, 4 doses once a week). The patient died after the 2nd dose of rituximab.

Conclusion: Considering the different clinical, histopathological and immunological features, paraneoplastic pemphigus presents a challenge for the clinician. Knowledge of different clinical presentations, as well as individualization of therapy with a multidisciplinary approach, are of crucial importance. 

Introduction/Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between use of psychoactive substances among University students and diagnosed somatic or mental disorders.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography, Economics, Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice (by computer listing), conducted in the period April - June 2010.

Results

We observed that are more numerous students who used psychoactive substances among students with diagnosed somatic illnesses compared to those without them. Statistical significance was found among students who used tobacco (p=0.027), alcohol (p=0.002), sedatives (p<0.001) and cannabis (p=0.021). Mental disorders are also connected to use of psychoactive substances. The statistical significance was achieved for all psychoactive substances except for alcohol.

Conclusion

Use of psychoactive substances is an important issue among University students with diagnosed somatic or mental disorder. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the symptoms and consequences of such behavior, and above all and connection thereof, the importance of prevention which may enhance better solution-seeking via proper education.

Introduction:

Presence mesiodens is not uncommon in clinic practice. It is cause of impacted permanent maxillary central incisors. Diagnosis of the delayed tooth is usually made on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings. The treatment include surgical exposure of the impacted maxillary central incisors and extraction of supernumerary tooth, because it is a direct obstruction for the eruption of maxillary central incisors. Impacted maxillary central incisors is moved into it's proper position with orthodontic traction. The aim is presented surgical-orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth, which is necessary to achieve stability esthetic and functional results.

Case report:

This case report describes a surgical-orthodontic treatment of 9.5-old boy with both impacted permanent maxillary central incisors with supernumerary tooth which disturbs their normal eruption.

Conclusion:

The gnathometric evaluation of spaces in dental arch, the assessment of dental age and radiographic analysis are preconditions of successful therapy. The impacted maxillary central incisors were successfully positioned in the maxillary arch, with an adequate width of attached gingiva. The careful and persuasive treatment planning of an orthodontist, oral surgeon and periodontist are the key to success in resolving such cases.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical entity of substantial heterogeneity, represented by the combination of obesity (especially central obesity),insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, atherogenic dyslipidemia (high triglyceride levels and low levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)), and hypertension. Childhood obesity has become more common as a result of urbanization, bad diets, and more sedentary lifestyles.

The incidence of metabolic syndrome is ten times higher in children with obesity, and a special risk factor is the presence of obesity in the pediatric population, the classification of metabolic syndrome is based on standards set by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).

Our goal is to summarize the diagnostic procedure of metabolic syndrome as well as comorbidity based on conventional methods and modern imaging procedures by analyzing the published papers.

Sveži prelomi u ortopedskoj hirurgiji i traumatologiji, dovode do hemodinamske nestabilnosti celokupnog organizma. Kod otvorenih preloma, stepen
 hemodinamske nestabilnosti organizma je značajno veći. Prioritet u lečenju svežih preloma ima DAMAGE CONTROL IN ORTHOPEDIC (DCO). DCO je
 invazivna procedura koja ima ulogu kako u stabilizaciji preloma, tako i u kontroli krvarenja. Prelomi dugih kostiju kao i prelom karlice su apsolutna
 indikacija za DCO. Slobodno možemo reći da ova procedura prestavlja prioritet u lečenju svežih preloma. Procedura je individualizovana u zavisnosti
 od težine povrede kao i  hemodinamskog statusa povređenog pacijenta. U ortopedskoj hirurgiji i traumatologiji kao standardna procedura u DCO
 koristi se spoljašnji fiksator po Mitkoviću. Ortopedski hirurzi moraju biti jako prisebni i obazrivi kod pregledapacijenata sa politraumom i da
 prepoznaju tkzv. trougao smrti. Trougao smrti čine: acidoza, hipotermija i koagulopatija. Svaka karika je medjusobno povezana jedna sa drugom
 dovode do ireverzibilnih promena u organizmu što za posledicu ima smrtni ishod. DCO se sprovodi u tri faze: 1) podrazumeva kontrolu kvarenja,
 smanjenje kontaminacija bakterijama, kao i privremenu fiksaciju preloma. Sve ovo je neophodno uraditi u roku od 1-2h.; 2)  obuhvata stabilizaciju
 vitalnih parametara u JIN-e kao i reanimacija pacijenta ordiniranjem neophodne terapije, krvi i krvnih derivata.; 3) podrazumeva definitivna metoda
 lečenja u smislu nastavka lečenja preloma spoljasnjim fiksatorom ili konverzija u neku drugu metodu lečenja.