The existence of left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Heterogenous factors lead to left myocardial hypertrophy. The most frequently factors are: arterial hypertension, valvular heart disease (aortic stenosis and insufficiency, mitral insufficiency), hypertrophic myocardiopathy, left myocardial hypertrophy after myocardial infarction... For making the diagnosis of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy used electrocardiography („voltage“ and „repolarization“ criteria) and echocardiography. Echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. Left ventricular mass was estimated by the modified formula 3 3 using measurements obtained in accordance with the Penn convention: MLK = 1,04 (LDDd+PWDd+IVSDd) - (LVDd) - 13,6 Where LDDd is diastolic left ventricular internal dimension, IVSDd is diastolic ventricular septal thickness and PWDd 2 is diastolic posterior left ventricular wall thickness in diastole. LV mass indexed by body surface area (g/m ). By Penn con2 2 vention left ventricular hypertrophy criteria were ≥134 g/m for men and ≥110 g/m for women.

Alpha lipoic acid is the most efficient of all known antioxidants for its lipo and hydrosolubility which enable easy penetrability in cytoplasm making its protection of free reactive radicals, energetic metabolism, regulation of genetic expresion etc. It has wide application in prevention and in therapy of diabetic angiopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative disease, lesion, (insufficiency) of liver, HIV, intoxication with hard metals, mycotoxins etc. An important proprety of lipoic acid is its possibility to prevent or remove lesions which are caused by application aminogycosides and haloperidol (ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity) according to its wide application. R isomer of lipoic acid is physiological substance presented in organism which synthesize in in liver enabling its its application in relatively high dose for a longer period of time.

Changes in the heart and blood vessels are one of the major complications that substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality of patients with systemic diseases of connective tissue.All anatomical structures of the heart can be affected by pathological process and noted the multiple pathogenic mechanism leading to changes in pericard (thickening of leaves, calcification, pericardial outburst), atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, disorders of implementation, changes in heart failure in terms of whiskered or stenosis, myocardial ischemia and heart failure. The aim was also to test the registration of the most common heart rhythm disorder and implementation as well as changes in the ST segment and T wave of electrocardiogram of patients with systemic diseases of connective tissue. The study involved 70 patients in two groups. The first group was 50 patients with systemic disease of connective tissue, and the second control group of 20 patients with lumbal syndrome. Electrocardiographic changes were observed in 38(54,3%) respondents. Observed by groups of patients with connective tissue diseases were registered in 35 (70%) and in the control group in 3 (15%) patients with a statistically significant difference (p<0,01). Statistically significant difference was noted in the appearance of ventricular premature complex, changes in ST segment and T wave.

Introduction: Approximately 15-23% of the general population have had urticarial rush during their lives. Goal: Examination of the urticarial frequency and urticarial etiopathogenesis among hospitalized patients. Sources and methodology: Retrospective analysis of the data extracted from patients' medical history at the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Department for Dermatology and Venereology. Statistical methods used include proportional relations with tabular and graphical representation of the results gathered. Results: Out of 228 hospitalized patients in 2007, total of 28 (or 12.28%) were treated for Urticaria. The disease is more frequent among the following groups of patients: female population (total of 23, or 82.1%); people between 30 and 60 years of age (total of 15, or 53.6%); urban area population (total of 24, or 85.7%); patients with Dg. Urticaria acuta diagnosis (total of 19, or 67.8%); Dg. Oedema Quincke (total of 6, or 21, 4%); et people with cardiovascular diseases (total of 9, or 32.2%). The disease is more frequent in Spring, during the period April-June (11 patients, or 39.3%) with the greatest frequency in May (7 patients, or 25%). According to etiological samples the most prominent types of Urticaria among patients were: idiopathic (13 patients, or 46.4%), due to medications (5 patients, or 17.9%), nutritional origin (4 patients, or 14.3%), psychological factors (3 patients, or 10.7%). Considering complications, 6 patients (21.4%) had Quincke's Oedema, while 7 patients (25%) had allergic reactions to penicillin. Regarding outcome of the disease, total of 23 patients (82.1%) have been successfully cured. Discussion et Conclusion: The greatest number of serious urticarias with complications has been inducted by non-physical factors, mostly of immunological nature, while physically inducted urticaria have had less severe symptoms and required shorter time to cure. Nevertheless, exact causes for most types of urticaria are unknown, so continual research of causes, as well as courses, complications and treatments of this serious disease is necessary.

L-carnitine is assorted with non-vitamin nutritives (metavitamines) on the grounds of importance to the living process, while itb similar to aminoacids in terms of structure. It has multistructural role in functioning of an organism while one of the most important and best investigated roles is the sphere of energizing metabolism because it is needed for the transport of the longchain fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are subject to a β oxidation. It has widespread clinical application in prevention and therapy of: genetic and secondarycarnithine deficiency, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism disorder, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, aciduria of organic acids, renal and liver insuficiency, neuropathy, miopathy, as well as the means for improvent of fitness capacites of sportsmen. L-carnitine is crucial part of organism of mamals, therefore it can be applied in relatively big doses whereby it requires no detoxication in liver, on the contrary, it significaty increases its detoxication capacites. Key words: L-carnitine, Physiology, Prevention , Therapy. L-carnitine is assorted with non-vitamin nutritives (metavitamines) on the grounds of importance to the living process, while itb similar to aminoacids in terms of structure. It has multistructural role in functioning of an organism while one of the most important and best investigated rol condarycarnithine deficiency, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism disorder, carbohydrate metabolism disorder, aciduria of organic acids, renal and liver insuficiency, neuropathy, miopathy, as well as the means for improvent of fitness capacites of sportsmen. L-carnitine is crucial part of organism of mamals, therefore it can be applied in relatively big doses whereby it requires no detoxication in liver, on the contrary, it significaty increases its detoxication capacites.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major cardiovascular risk factor in hemodialysis patients.The present study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy by doppler echocardiography in hemodialysis patients. Methods: We studied 20 patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Dialysis Centre in Kosovska Mitrovioca. LV mass was measured by both Doppler echocardiography. Left ventricular mass was estimated by the modified formula using measure2 ments obtained in accordance with the Penn convention. Left ventricular mass was divided by body surface area in m to obtain the left ventricular mass index. Results:This clinical observation study involved 20 patients (9 males and 11 females) with end-stage renal diseases undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with a mean age of 55,26 years, mean time on dialysis was 38,74 months. Main causes for developing chronic renal failure was arterials hypertension and polycystic kidney. Arterial hypertension (60%), diabetes mellitus (20%) and hyperholesterolemia (10%), were the most frequent risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the dialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy were detected in 14 (70%) patients. Mean left ventricular mass wass 153,62g/m2 (males), and 142,71 g/m2 (females). To conclude, the present study shows that hemodialysis patients have higher left ventricular mass and higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Conclusion about efficacious of some medication can be given based on reducing morbidity and mortality in patients treated with that medication.. Aim of this work was to estimate intrahospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), role of myocardial reinfarction in that and side effects of medications in patients who were different treated in initial phase of AMI, based on what they were separated in three different therapeutic groups: group treated with thrombolytic therapy, group treated with beta-blockers and group treated with nitrates. It was shown that intrahospital mortality is highest in patients treated with nitrates but there was not significant difference between thera-peutic groups in frequency of myocardial reinfarction while frequency of complications and side effects were in range as in others similar studies.

Artrial hypertension is a very serious social-medical probleme as such has an epidemic characteristics according to high prevalence at incidence frequency disease of young, a high death rate, there is also a somewhat difficult erly diagnosis at the early stages of illnes due to unspecified clinical examination in majority of diseased. On the basis of etiology, arterial hypertension is divived into: primary (essential) and secondary (symptomatologic). According to the current criteria, primary arterial hypertension is considered to be all the cases where etiology cannot identify only the cause or a specific structural change in a organ. It instead causes a larger number of etiological factors by their group actions which are called risk factors.Including the secondary hypertension all cases at arterial hypertension are classified und there can be seen a specific structural change in an organ and disorder of it's function. The aim of our work was to determinate which were the familiar risk factors in development of arterial hypertension and it's domination to inhabitants of Zubin Potok considering high prevalence of arterial hypertension out of 6500 inhabitants in the infirmary of Zubin Potok, 2450 patients are registrated with arterial hypertension. Examination is performed to 100 patients with primary arterial hypertension by prospectus analysis which are registrated consecutively in the interval of two months by biochemicals parametars, a height of systolic and dyastolic arterial pressure and BMI. By means of questionnaire the rest of risk factors are gathered with a piece of data smoking, alchoholism and stress. During the examination we determined that the most typics risk factor is disorder of metabolism of lypoproteins, and important pathothysiological mechanism in development of arterial hypertension is reduction of HDLcholesterol, which can be one of indirect indentifier of oxidative stress.

Diabetes mellitus with one`s chronical complications is the cause of the large percent morbidites and mortality, among the population. With regard to a lot of people who have diabetes mellitus tip 2 (WHO-over 170.000.000 peoples), adequate therapy is very important. By this stady, we wont to show positive consequence new therapy for medication diabetes mellitus typ 2, chiefly application tiazolidinedion in therapy. Handlend 25 patientis with diabetes mellitus typ 2 during 3-mounth observed. Patients were divide in II groups forms on basic of the kind therapy. At the end of 3-mounth, derived results (decrease HbA1c from 7.9%±1.24% to 6.99±0.89%; data value fasting glycemia from 8.99mmol/l±2.08 mmol/l to 7.45±1.35 mmol/l, and value glycemia after meal 10.36 mmol/l±2.18 mmol/l to 8.18 mmol/l±1.31 mmol/l) indicate validity the introduction tiazolidinedion in therapy diabetes mellitus type 2.

Sjögren'ssyndrom is autoimmune disorder where cells of immune system afack and destroy eccrine glands which produce tears and spit. We have a patients with following problems: dryness of the bucal lining and conjunctiva, dysphagia of solid food, paint in joints amd muscles, hand sensitivity to coldness.