Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme enzyme present in the primary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) participate in oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity of these cells. During the course of bacterial meningitis plenty of PMNs leave blood vessels and migrate to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space, and some of their MPO may become, extracellular. MPO activity in control CSF is low (Me = 0.5 U/L), comparing with patients CSF samples of all three groups of proteinorrachia where elevated values were found already on admission (3.5 U/L, 5.0 U/L and 12.0 U/L, respectively), with highest values found during second lumbal punction (5.5 U/L, 7.5 U/L and 14.0 U/L, respectively). Poor correlation was found between albumin quotient and MPO activity CSF/serum, but significant correlation between MPO in CSF and CSF PMNs count.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a major messenger molecule that plays key roles in many physiological processes. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citruline and NO. At least three isoforms of NOS have been identified and characterized, namely, neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Recent evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynytrite, produced from the diffusion controlled reaction betwen NO and another free radical, the suproxide anion. Peroxynitrite interacts with protein, DNAand lipids via direct oxidative reactions or via indirect radical mediated mechanisms

Systematic and programmed physical exercise, called training, play a significant role in human health and ability improvement. A moderate physical exercise is considered as a very efficient method of increasing general physical ability and reaching the top results in sport, and simultaneously contributes to health quality of persons having sedentary professions. In active sportspersons, ability of cardiovascular, respiratory and bone-muscle systems are determined by training quality itself. Sportspersons show characteristically better adaptability of neurohumoral system to effort, as well as a higher activity of intracellular enzyme systems. Well-dosed physical exercise has an exceptional influence on human health, above all by regulating cholesterol blood level and electrolyte level of serum, whose minimal change can directly affect human health. This study was aimed to establish quantity and quality of organism response to physical exercise, in regard to level of daily training, by determining lipid fractions level in serum and electrolyte composition of serum. The study involved 50 healthy men in age between 20 and 25, divided into two groups. The first group was composed by physically untrained men, chosen by the random sample method. The other group of subjects was composed by 35 active sportsmen, chosen by direct selection for the best-trained ones among them. In order to reach a submaximal exertion, we used Astrand's test of submaximal exertion on the bicycle-ergometer. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after testing. The following parameters were determined in blood serum: high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride + + 2+ 2+ - content, as well as concentration of sodium (Na ), potassium (K ), calcium (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ) and chlorine (Cl) ions. On the base of our research we concluded that physical exercise of submaximal intensity did not lead to any quantitative and qualitative change of lipid fractions in blood serum of untrained persons. Physically inactive persons had higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol in regard to the investigated sportsmen. At the same time, sportsmen showed a higher HDL content of serum. Physical exertion in sportsmen led to a significant rise of triglycerides and highdensity lipoproteins content of serum, and the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins did not changed + ++ significantly. Physical exertion of submaximal intensity in both studied groups caused a significant increase of Na , Ca and ++ + - Mg ion concentration, while concentration of K and Cl ions did not changed significantly. Numerous clinical studies showed that moderate aerobe exercise amplifies endothelial function and reduces cardiovascular risk

Reactive products of oxygen are among the most potent and omnipresent threats faced by the living organism. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxy radical, can arise from toxic insults or normal metabolic processes. These species may perturb the cell's natural antioxidant defence systems, resulting in damage to all of the major classes of biological macromolecules, including nuclear acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Oxidative stress has been defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance, resulting in potential cell damage. It has been implicated in several biological and pathological processes like ageing, inflammation, carcinogenesis, ischemia-reperfusion and in diseases including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and/or neurodegenerative diseases

Bone tissue infections caused by non-specific agents (non-specific osteomyelitis) occur most frequently among children and young individuals demanding surgical and antibiotic therapy, although with unpredictable clinical outcome. While mobilization of cellular response to infectious agents takes place, a bulk of oxygen-derived free radicals emerge with concomitant participation of various elements of endogenous antioxidative defense. Vitamin C is an endogenous antioxidant active in the aqueous phase. It is very likely that ostoemyelitic patients already have some kind of disorder in specific antioxidant system due to hematogenic origin of non-specific osteomyelitis. Our results show that serum total vitamin C concentrations among patients with non specific osteomyelitis are not significantly different from those obtained among control subjects. However, we found significantly different concentrations of ascorbate, dehyroascorbate and their concentration ratio in serum within osteomyelitic patients that points to enlarged consumption of ascorbate even before the bone localization of infection took place

Cells continuously produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species as part of metabolic processes. These free radicals are neutralized by antioxidant defense system consisting of enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and numerous non-enzymatic antioxidants, including vitamins A, E and C, glutathione, ubiquinone, and flavonoids. Antioxidants include both water and lipid soluble varieties. The lipid soluble antioxidants are located in the cellular membranes and lipoproteins, whereas the water soluble antioxidants are present in the aqueous environments, such as fluids inside cells and in the blood.

Actual hypothesis related to development of the age-related cataract focus the photo oxidative stress as a key process of cataract genesis. It considers that damages in the lens cells, caused by sunlight and oxygen within photodynamic action of the photo oxidative stress, make essence of the cataract genesis process. Although the cataractogenes is primary a local process that flows in a local compartment, oxidative stress is often a systemic event. It relates particularly to the older age, i.e. to the ageing process itself. Even if special regulatory mechanisms of the eye provide appropriate supply of antioxidative elements on the local level, fulfilling of the eye and it's lens with antioxidative elements depends on their systemic availability and distribution. By investigation of concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and albumin, and activity of cathtalase and peroxidase in serums of patients with age-related cataract, as well as with comparison of the same elements values in serums of the same age and sex distribution group of people without cataract, we found noticeable differences of the oxidative stress intensity in serums within those two investigated groups.

It is known that the intoxication with heavy metals and pesticides is most often unmedical poisoning. In contrast to other heavy metals, for example: mercury, lead, cadmium and zinc, toxic copper activity and the mechanism of its effect are not known enough and they are not yet explained. Because of that, the aim of this work was ( with acute dog intoxication with copper sulfate ) to contribute to better clearing of biochemical mechanism as a result of copper toxical effect and to make analysis of its tissue distribution. Researching was done on adult dogs, both sexes, different races and body mass of 14- 20 kg, who were given a 10% water solution of copper sulfate in the dosage of 33mg/b.m. divided into 5 equal doses. The analysis of biochemical blood structure took the following things: total proteins, albumins, globulins, total lipids, chole2+ sterol, glucoze, transaminase (AST,ALT), catalase, peroxidase, vitamin C, proteine SH, the contretation of Cu in the serum 2+ and the content of Cu in the tissues. The results are presented in the charts and graphic presentation. All these changes can be the important directions in an biological monitoring as a biochemical indication of copper pollution in the surroundings.