The clinical and metabolic anomalies observed in patients with type 2 diabetes are associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (particulary coronary heart disease), witch is responsible for 75% of all death in diabetic patients. Diabetic people have cardiovascular risk factors comparable to those of nondiabetics who have had myocardial infarction or stroke. To determine main risk factors for coronary heart desease (CHD) and differentes among diabetics we analyzed 86 patients.Patients in this study attended in Institute of endocrynology,diabetes and matabolic disorders in Belgrade. The diagnosis was based on typical clinical manifestation: high levels of glucose (higher than 6,1mmol/l), high cholesterol and tryglicerides, hypertension and overweight. In the control group we have had 20 adult, healty people without metabolic disorders. We found that diabetics with coronary heart disease have had the higest level of glucose (13,2mmol/l), cholesterol (6,96mmol/l),tryglicerides (2,84mmol/l). Arterial hypertension in the group of diabetic patientes with CHD have had 72,7 %, or 40 patients of 55 patients of whole group. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension share certain risk factors such as overweight, visceral obesity,and possibly insulin resistence. This study strenthgenes the hypothesis that cholesterol and the arterial hypertension have central role in develpoment of CHD, but in non-insulin depended diabetics they associated with metabolic disorders witch play an important role in increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.

Actual hypothesis related to development of the age-related cataract focus the photo oxidative stress as a key process of cataract genesis. It considers that damages in the lens cells, caused by sunlight and oxygen within photodynamic action of the photo oxidative stress, make essence of the cataract genesis process. Although the cataractogenes is primary a local process that flows in a local compartment, oxidative stress is often a systemic event. It relates particularly to the older age, i.e. to the ageing process itself. Even if special regulatory mechanisms of the eye provide appropriate supply of antioxidative elements on the local level, fulfilling of the eye and it's lens with antioxidative elements depends on their systemic availability and distribution. By investigation of concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and albumin, and activity of cathtalase and peroxidase in serums of patients with age-related cataract, as well as with comparison of the same elements values in serums of the same age and sex distribution group of people without cataract, we found noticeable differences of the oxidative stress intensity in serums within those two investigated groups.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aspirin and ticlopidine, administered alone and in combination, on liver function parameters. The experiment was conducted on white laboratory rats, type Wistar. Thirty-two rats were divided in four groups and they recived one of the following treatments for 4 days: group I, control, saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.); group II, aspirin (50 mg/kg/day i.p.); group III, ticlopidine (125 mg/kg/day i.p.) and group IV, aspirin+ticlopidine combination (50 mg/kg/day+125 mg/kg/day i.p.). After the treatment the animals were anaesthetised with ether and blood for further analyses was taken by cardiopunction. The total cholesterol serum level was significantly increased only in ticlopidine group in comparison to control (p<0.01).Also, the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin concentration were significantly elevated only in ticlopidine treated group (p<0.001). Serum AST and ALT activities were not significantly elevated in all treating groups. On basis of the obtained results it can be noticed that the values of liver function parameters are greater in group treated with ticlopidine than in group treated with ticlopidine and aspirin combination.

The thyroid gland produces two major active thyroid hormones, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The production of these hormones within the thyroid is regulated by thyreotropin (thyroid-stimulating-hormone- TSH). Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter and borderline hypothireoidsm word-widw. In non iodine deficient areas, however autoimmunity is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Destructive therapy by surgery or radioiodine for thyrotoxicosis acounts for approximately one third of all cases excessive iodine (e. g. as e result of chronic ingestion of proprietary cough medicines) may also cause hi pothyreoidsm. Primary hypothireoidsm due to failure much more common than failure secondary to pituitary dysfunction, or tertiary hypothireoidsm due to hypothalamic disease. The symptom of hypothireoidsm are non-specific and may be attributed by bath patient and doctor to ageing the onset usually being insidious. Hypothireoidsm is treated with replacement T4 therapy. The author describe a 55 year-old women with diagnosis of Primary hypothireoidism. The disease had a rarely course with disorders this metabolism lipids and complications here cardiovascular system. 

Dysplasio epiphysialis is congenital disorder of ossification and development of epiphysis that lead to deformation of epiphyses. This disorder of is not so frequent (1). Etiology is unknown. It appears in both sexes in the same percent, sporadically, but in the several members of one family also (2). It appears in two forms, polyarticular and oligoarticular. Clinical feature characterize low growing (150-160 cm) with short clumsy fingers, incrassate joints and limited mobility. Especially characteristic of this disorder is discrepancy between low degree of subjective complaints and marked radiological changes. (1). Laboratory findings most often are not specific. Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus is not changed (2). Radiological is characteristic irregular aspect of joint flanges and articulating surfaces and narrowing of the joint spaces, cartilage sclerosis, cystic changes in joints and, not so often periarticular chondromatosis. Vertebral joints if geared manifest platispondilia and ragged of vertebral joints surfaces (2). Conclusion: Dysplasio epiphysialis multiplex is characterized with specific clinical and radiological feature and appearance in jung ages; it is often substitute with primary generalized osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis (our case). From those reasons it is very important to recognize the specific nature of this disease for the therapeutic and prognostic purpose.

Pustulosis subcornealis is a chronic recurrent disorder with primarly sterile pustular lesion, initially bean-sized. The initial distribution is symmetrical and disseminated. The pustules is affected the trunk and the proximal extremities. A rare condition, affecting women. We want to present a woman with a characteristic subcorneal pustular lesions on the clinical findings and histpatology examination.

The patients after the stroke besides impaired motor functions,often have cognitive and emotional disorders which
can endanger the successful carrying out of the rehabilitation treatment. The objective of this study was to estimate the
functional capability and to determine the cognitive and emotional disorders of the patients after the stroke. The research has
ecompassed 40 patients after the stroke of specified age and gender structure, treated in the Clinic for Rehabilitation, of the
Clinical Center in Novi Sad. The data have benn gathered from the anamnesis, clinical and neurological check, test of the
activity in everyday life, the findings of the psychologist on the emotinal status, as well as from the available medical
documentation about the patient. The average values of the Barthel's index are increased for 14.86% after the rehabilitation
treatment. The results show a strong presence of the emotional disorders with 57.5% of the patients. The increased values of Barthel's index and Mini Mental test at the end of the treatment show the undoubtfull importance of the rehabilitation
treatment in the recovery of the patients. The emotional disorders cause the worse recovery of the patients.

Chronic appendicitis presents inflammation of appendix with atypical clinical findings, without significant signs
and symptoms. Because of that diagnosing chronic appendicitis presumes a great problem. Indications for operative treatment based on clinical impression are followed with a great number of unnecessary appendectomies. Barium enema can show morphlogic changes of appendix during its chronic inflammation. Our aim was to show values of barium enema in diagnosing chronic appendicitis. Study went prospectively, in period 1999-2001 on Clinic for abdominal and endocrine
surgery, Institute for surgery Novi Sad. It includes 100 patients with symptoms, 50 of them were operated after barium
enema, and other 50 were operated after clinical impression of surgeon. Each appendix was patohistologicaly examined.
Incidental appendectoies were exluded. Of total 1425 appendectomies in three years period, 100 were operatde because of chronic appendicitis. Fifty of them were operated after barium enema, and other 50 were operated after clinical impression of surgeon. Range of years was 15 59 in examined group with average 35,6 years. In control group range was 15 57, with average 32,9 years. Lasting of pain episode more than 12 hours had 94% of patients in examined group, and 72% of patients in control group had painn less than 24 hourrs. During of pain episodes at 92% of patients from examined group was 3 weeks to 12 months, and 86% of patients from control group had pain standing 3-36 weeks. The most common sign on barium enema was finding of coprolites in lumen (52%), followed with unfilled appendix (18%, angulations (10%), distal amputation (8%), segmentation of contrast (8%), and fixated appendix (4%). Intraoperative macroscopic findings were as followed: 40/50 coprolites in lumen, 7/50 fibrous bounds, and 3/50 fibroses of appendix. Patohistologicaly, chronic appendicitis was confirmed at 90% of patients in examined group, and 58% in control group. After surgery, 94% of patients from examined group don't feel the preoperative pain. Barium enema significantly increases of chronic appendicitis. It is non-invasive, and reliable method for showing morphologic changes of chronic appendix. Use of barium enema dereases number of unnecessary appendectomies. Barium enema is suggested for evaluation of patients with chronic pain in right lower quadrant of abdomen, and thereby for diagnosing of chronic appendicitis. 

Identification of the deceased is routine and, for experts, quite a simple forensic procedure. However, in the case of
mass accidents such as explosions, traffic accidents, natural disasters, and during the war everything is much more different.
There are a lot of differences between forensic medicine in the peace and the forensic medicine during the war. The cause of
this claim comes from special conditions for performing the forensic procedures during the war, with much more activities,
a lot of differences and special characteristics of war injuries. We have in mind mass war injuries and great number of victims, which can grow till catastrophic proportions. That includes killing a great number of people in different places, in
different military units and civilian settlements. The identification of these victims is, certainly, the most important and permanent task of forensic medicine which consider, first of all, collecting, identification and transportation of the victims. The
complexity of these tasks is severe when mass deaths occur, but also when killings happened in the different locations in the
same time, also, during the discovering of the victims which become putrefied and decay, where the biggest problem is to
identify the victim and determine the cause of death.

All formsspondyloarthropaties are uniteded with HLA-B27 antigen's in 70-100% in dependences of form illneses and so ethenic and eugenic qualifications. Consider that some Gram-negative bacteriums can have place in pathogenesis of spondyloarthropaties. Explored are 24 patients(15 men and 9 women) with seronegative spondyloarthropaties. Absence of
bacteriums which besides other factors inculpate for pathogenesis seronegative spondyloarthropaties in explored materials,
points to need for proving their antigens at synovium woof or anti-bodies in serum toward specific antigens.