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Diabetes mellitis,type 2 is often associate with disorders metabolism of lipid. That is base for development athero sclerosis, coronare disease and peripheral vascular complications. Patient with diabetes earlier get cariovascular disease. Frequency in equllent in female and male sex. Atherosclerosis is proces which is started earlier in patiens with diabetic, than in healthy population. So, prevention of cardiovascular disease is very important. When we elimination risk factors: smoking, hypertension and lipids, we will reduce coronary syndrome.The clinicly studies show us that the statins drugs are choice for prevention and controle metabolism lipids in these pations. Statins drugs had been show us the best therapy the efects on evolution of atherosclerosis plaques, reversed endothel disfunction and modulation of thrombotic parametars

The authors present you two cases of luxatio testis. Luxatio testis is a very rare injury caused by the influence of some strong force or blow. Testicle is luxated in ingvinal chanal, perineum, subcutanue penis tissue and rarely abdomen. Conservative surgical treatment always have to be done

There are different reports regarding the characteristics of examined quality of life (QOL) in patients with combined coronary and valvular surgery. Objective was to compare the quality of life changes after isolated coronary and associated coronary and valvular surgery. From February to May 2002, we prospectively studied 243 consecutive patients, who underwent elective CABG. The Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire part I (NHPpart I) was used as a model for QOL determination. NHPpart I contains 38 subjective statements divided into six sections: physical mobility (PM), social isolation (SI), emotional reaction (ER), energy (En), pain and sleep. The scores ranged from zero to 100, by adding the item weight, determined by Thurstone method of paired compares, to every positive answer. We distributed the questionnaire to all patients before and six months after CABG. Two hundred twenty six patients filled in the postoperative questionnaire. An isolated coronary heart disease was present in 218 patients (89.71%), and associated coronary and valvular disease in 25 patients (10.29%). Preoperatively, there is no difference in QOLamong the examined groups. After operation, quality of life was improved in 84.65% (171/202) of patients using coronary surgery and in 79.17% (19/24) of patients using combined (coronary and valvular) surgery. Quality of life was statistically improved in the first group of patients in all sections, and in the second group of patients in 4 sections (PM, En, pain and sleep) (p<0.05). There is no significant correlation between the quality of life changes after operation and the type of surgical procedure. By univariate and multivariate logistic regression, combined procedure distinguished as the independent predictor of QOL worsening in the ER section (p=0.012, OR=3.62, 95% CI 1.32-9.92). Six months after CABG quality of life was significant better in most of patients in both studied groups. Associated coronary and valvular surgical intervention distinguished as the independent predictor of quality of life worsening in the ER section.

Parameters of anaerobic capacity were investigated in the group of 90 young subjects classed into diferent groups depent on their physical fitness. The group consisted of 30 wrestlers, 30 rowers and 30 students. Basic antropometric parameters were taken for each person and than Wingate anaerobic test was administrated. The aim of this investigation was to measure anaerobic parameters and determine weather there was a difference among sportsman and non sportsman. All parameters of Wingate test (anaerobic power, explosive power, anaerobic capacity) were significantly higher in the group of sportsman. (p0.05) Also, the highes values od anaerobic parameters were detected in the group of wrestlers, since this is typicaly anaerobic sport. The lower values were measured in the group of non sportsman, as expected.

In essential hypertension, hemodynamic changes in systolic and diastolic function acompany left ventricul hypertrophy ussualy. Both of these cardiac function can be detected with echocardiography and were measured during this study. 23 patients with moderate essential hypertension were treated with cilazapril plus small doze of diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) once daily for 120 days. On the begining we found diastolic disfunction, but after the treatment there was a significant improvement in isovolumic relaxation time, early diastolic filling pattern and normalized left ventricular early/ atrial filling ratio. Cilazapril + diuretic combination in a dose once daily controlled blood pressure satisfactory, too. Parameters of systolic function were in the normal levels and there were no significant changes between the two determinations. Thickness of the interventricular septum and posteroinferior wall did not change significantly after 16 weeks of therapy, probably because of too short time of investigation.

Our methodological procedure established successful technique of the direct dyeing of elastic fibers and lamellas in elastic tissues. Experiments were carried out on a human autopsy material. Blocks rich in elastic fibers were fixed by 10% buffered neutral formaline and cut in the thickness of 5m. Deparafining of slides is done by xylol treatment (2x15min). Additional denaturation is achieved by combined solution, which contains 1.2g of picric acid in 30% solution of glacial acetic acid. By chloramine B application as blocking agent in form of 1% DMSO solution the dyes affinity for eviromental tissue is decreased. Tissues prepared in this way are treated with 0.5% solution of acidic sulfonic color Evans Blue (C.I.23860) in ratio 2:1. Lamellas are dark violet with light violet periphery. Obtained results speak in favor of high applicability of this method in light microscopy. In our opinion, this method can be recommended as one of methods for identification of elastic tissues.

Actual hypothesis related to development of the age-related cataract focus the photo oxidative stress as a key process of cataract genesis. It considers that damages in the lens cells, caused by sunlight and oxygen within photodynamic action of the photo oxidative stress, make essence of the cataract genesis process. Although the cataractogenes is primary a local process that flows in a local compartment, oxidative stress is often a systemic event. It relates particularly to the older age, i.e. to the ageing process itself. Even if special regulatory mechanisms of the eye provide appropriate supply of antioxidative elements on the local level, fulfilling of the eye and it's lens with antioxidative elements depends on their systemic availability and distribution. By investigation of concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and albumin, and activity of cathtalase and peroxidase in serums of patients with age-related cataract, as well as with comparison of the same elements values in serums of the same age and sex distribution group of people without cataract, we found noticeable differences of the oxidative stress intensity in serums within those two investigated groups.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aspirin and ticlopidine, administered alone and in combination, on liver function parameters. The experiment was conducted on white laboratory rats, type Wistar. Thirty-two rats were divided in four groups and they recived one of the following treatments for 4 days: group I, control, saline (1 ml/kg, i.p.); group II, aspirin (50 mg/kg/day i.p.); group III, ticlopidine (125 mg/kg/day i.p.) and group IV, aspirin+ticlopidine combination (50 mg/kg/day+125 mg/kg/day i.p.). After the treatment the animals were anaesthetised with ether and blood for further analyses was taken by cardiopunction. The total cholesterol serum level was significantly increased only in ticlopidine group in comparison to control (p<0.01).Also, the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin concentration were significantly elevated only in ticlopidine treated group (p<0.001). Serum AST and ALT activities were not significantly elevated in all treating groups. On basis of the obtained results it can be noticed that the values of liver function parameters are greater in group treated with ticlopidine than in group treated with ticlopidine and aspirin combination.

The clinical and metabolic anomalies observed in patients with type 2 diabetes are associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (particulary coronary heart disease), witch is responsible for 75% of all death in diabetic patients. Diabetic people have cardiovascular risk factors comparable to those of nondiabetics who have had myocardial infarction or stroke. To determine main risk factors for coronary heart desease (CHD) and differentes among diabetics we analyzed 86 patients.Patients in this study attended in Institute of endocrynology,diabetes and matabolic disorders in Belgrade. The diagnosis was based on typical clinical manifestation: high levels of glucose (higher than 6,1mmol/l), high cholesterol and tryglicerides, hypertension and overweight. In the control group we have had 20 adult, healty people without metabolic disorders. We found that diabetics with coronary heart disease have had the higest level of glucose (13,2mmol/l), cholesterol (6,96mmol/l),tryglicerides (2,84mmol/l). Arterial hypertension in the group of diabetic patientes with CHD have had 72,7 %, or 40 patients of 55 patients of whole group. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension share certain risk factors such as overweight, visceral obesity,and possibly insulin resistence. This study strenthgenes the hypothesis that cholesterol and the arterial hypertension have central role in develpoment of CHD, but in non-insulin depended diabetics they associated with metabolic disorders witch play an important role in increasing the risk of coronary heart disease.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is ecto-enzyme which is present on the cell surface of large number of cells and particularly of T-lymphocytes. It takes part in immune reactions and regulation of immune response, while antigen stimulation of cells increases percentage of expression of DPPIV on their cell surfaces. Since the immune response is different for chronic tonsillar disease of tonsilla palatine, idiopathic tonsillar hyperplasia ITH and recurrent tonsillitis RT, and considering the fact that DPPIV takes part in activation of T and B-lymphocytes stimulated by antigen, we presume that different activities of DPPIVexist in tonsillis and blood of persons diseased of different types of chronic tonsillitis, ITH and RT. The main goals of research are determination of activities of DPPIV on lymphocytes of tonsillas and serum of persons diseased of ITH and RT as well as histochemical and immunohistochemical determination of DPP IV localisation on lymphocytes of examed tonsillas. Two groups of patients are included: nineteen persons with ITH and thirteen persons with RT, while the control group was contained of thirty nine persons with diagnosis systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and fiftteen health persons. The research was done on 32 tonsillas created by tonsillectomia of persons with ITH and RT and 86 blood samples of all 86 persons. The results of research show histochemical localisation of enzyme activity of DPPIVin T-dependent zones of tonsilla and it is originating from activated T-lymphocytes. The enzyme activity of DPP IV on tonsillar lymphocytesis is higher in case of IHT compared with RT. By this research we conclude that deifferent activity of DPPIV on tonsillar lymphocytes for ITH and RTpresumes the difference of immuno response of tonsillas during these tonsillar diseases.