Primary stimulus for muscular mass enlargement is to repeat developing of sceletal muscles force in the level above the one which exist in everyday activities. The aim of this work was following the growth of lower leg extensor muscular force as well as changes in the surface of a diagonal upper leg muscular tissue cross-section during eight-week programming force training. 12 male subjects, who were neither active nor regular in practicing sport for the last six months, were included in this examination. Conducted training programme was based on dynamic lower leg extensor muscular force training with concentric and eccentric component. Programme was consisted of three training a week for the period of eight weeks. Anthropometric measuring of the upper leg as well as upper leg skin folds ranges were conducted before the th beginning of training programme, after 4 week and at the end of training programme, and also calculated the surface size of diagonal upper leg pure muscular mass cross-section. During eight-week training, we have statistically significant growth th th of lower leg extensor muscular force (27.20% in 4 week, 50.18% in 8 week). After four-week training, we have statistically enlargement in the surface of diagonal left and right upper leg muscular tissue cross-section for 2.62% and 2.45%. This dimension continued to grow by 8th week of training (7.63% and 7.07%). Programming force training with concentric and eccentric component has lead to significant muscular force growth as well as surface enlargement of diagonal upper leg muscular tissue cross-section in previously untrained person. Muscular mass enlargement was more th th important at the end of 8 week than after 4 week

This research has been done on a sample of 4211 drivers, from which 3886 ( 92,28%) were put in examination for plus measuring alcohol concentration in exhaled air, that is, breath testing with breathalyser type Alcotest® 7410 RS, while 297 of examined people, besides breath testing were put through blood sample analysis, applying ADH enzyme's method. Both sexes were covered in this examination, and they were at the age from 16 to 66, classified according to the clinical phase alcohol taken. Results: Most of the alcoholic drivers were men. The greatest number (94,9% from 4211) didn't participate in a traffic accidents (TA), 3,8% were participants in TA with material damage, and in 1,2% of cases were TA with injuring some of the participants, while in just 4 cases (0,1%) came to mortal injuring participants. The highest number of police controls were registrated on Saturdays, in Summer months, in time from 00:00 to 03:59 hours. Average age of the examined people were 32,5 years old (SD = 0,871), and the greatest number of the examined in this analysed sample belongs to age group from 21 to 30 (1748, that is, 41,51% from 4211). The greatest number of drivers (51,3%) were in clinical phase of mild intoxication. Applying three factor's ANOVA statistical method with one set factor (with part of a day in a month) it is established that arising traffic accidents (TA) depends solely from clinical phase of intoxication. Obtained results taken from breath testing are compared with results received from determinating Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) applying enzym's ADH method. Very high coefficient of correlation is established from 0,95 (r 0,198, p>0,0006). In the observed period falling trend of alcoholic drivers is recorded. We can note constant numerical domination of age group of 21 to 30. Driving drunken is typical characteristic for male population. In group of professional drivers it's extremely rare steering a vehicle in alcoholic condition. It is detected that in most cases of TA participants were in mild or medium state of intoxication, what indicates to a major accidental significance precisely these degrees of intoxication

Getting on in years individually becomes the biggest risk factor in appearance of the woman's brest cancer. From the entire number of new discovered woman's breast cancers, 48% are women older then age of 65. Woman's breast cancer discovered by persons got on in years diagnose in getting forward condition of illness besides bigger cancer freqvency with propitious histology and biological profile. There are not enough proper studies about the breast cancer in elderly. For the project development material has been used from the surgical clinic and clinic for Oncology, as wellas institute for Pathology of the clinical centre in the city of Nis.The data from our serial direct attention to rarer conduct of standard diagnostic procedures at elderly with breast cancer. Also the conectivity between years of the patients; and time being passing from the initial diagnosis until treatment has been studied. Using pathhistology exam we were reseiving information about histological type of cancer, about the size of cancer, histological and nuclear grade, as well as absence or hold of metastasis process of lymph nodus. The most frequent used surgical procedure was radical mastectomy modified by Madden and Patey. The presence of complications has been tracked in the postoperative progress. In the postoperative progress depending on condition of breast cancer histological and nuclear grade, hold of the lymph knots,positivism of hormonereceptors, presence of comorbidity female patientswere subjected to adjuvant therapy. With purpose of perception of diagnoses as well as caracteristics and results of treatment of the female patient's survival has been tracked. The average survival in the examined group was 21 months while it was 31 month in the control group

The role of Eustachian tube dysfunction in chronic middle ear inflammation etiopathogenesis is obvious and almost always present. Shorter length of m. tensor velli palatini, the only active opener of the Eustachian tube, is related to tube dysfunction. The aim of the study is to investigate correlation between soft palate length, angle formed between soft and hard palate and chronic middle ear inflammation occurrence. Examinations have been performed on 60 adults. Group A consisted of patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation, whereas group B consisted of healthy individuals with respect to their gender and age. Examinations included medical check-up, auditory findings, radiological examinations and craniometrical X- ray measurements performed using lateral head X-ray. Soft palate length and angle formed between soft and hard palate angle were measured. It has been determined that soft palate length (distance from spine nasalis to the top of the uvula) is shorter in patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation ( average value for group A= 3,09, SD=0,422, whereas for group B =3,747, SD=0,448). Student test results indicate highly significant difference between examined groups ( value of variable t=6,025). Angle formed between hard and soft palate is higher in group A examinees (average value 138.4, SD=9.379, than in control group (average value 132,17, SD=8.765). Value of the variable t=2,658 indicate the significant differences in values between examined groups. Soft palate in patients suffering from chronic middle ear inflammation is positioned more horizontally and its length is shorter than in control group B. Depth and volume of the nasopharynx is lesser in group A patients. These soft palate dimensions impact soft palate muscular disbalance, mostly m. tensor velli palatini. In dysfunctional tube, medial lamina cartilage rotation is insufficient and muscular movement is minimal. Defining soft palate dimensions and nasopharyngeal morphology Eustachian tube dysfunction can be explained and chronic middle ear inflammation development predicted

Heart insufficiency is frequent and important complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Aim of this work was to estimate frequency, haevyness and course of heart insufficiency in patients with AMI who were different treated in initial phase of AMI, based on what they were separated in three different therapeutic groups: group treated with thrombolytic therapy, group treated with beta-blockers and group treated with nitrates. It was shown that time of admission and condition of patient in moment of admission is the key factor for choise of therapy but using of therapy making less frequency and heavyness of heart insufficiency while for cases with most difficult forms of insufficiency of heart as a pump thrombolytic therapy is practically only posible choice

Systematic and programmed physical exercise, called training, play a significant role in human health and ability improvement. A moderate physical exercise is considered as a very efficient method of increasing general physical ability and reaching the top results in sport, and simultaneously contributes to health quality of persons having sedentary professions. In active sportspersons, ability of cardiovascular, respiratory and bone-muscle systems are determined by training quality itself. Sportspersons show characteristically better adaptability of neurohumoral system to effort, as well as a higher activity of intracellular enzyme systems. Well-dosed physical exercise has an exceptional influence on human health, above all by regulating cholesterol blood level and electrolyte level of serum, whose minimal change can directly affect human health. This study was aimed to establish quantity and quality of organism response to physical exercise, in regard to level of daily training, by determining lipid fractions level in serum and electrolyte composition of serum. The study involved 50 healthy men in age between 20 and 25, divided into two groups. The first group was composed by physically untrained men, chosen by the random sample method. The other group of subjects was composed by 35 active sportsmen, chosen by direct selection for the best-trained ones among them. In order to reach a submaximal exertion, we used Astrand's test of submaximal exertion on the bicycle-ergometer. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after testing. The following parameters were determined in blood serum: high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride + + 2+ 2+ - content, as well as concentration of sodium (Na ), potassium (K ), calcium (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ) and chlorine (Cl) ions. On the base of our research we concluded that physical exercise of submaximal intensity did not lead to any quantitative and qualitative change of lipid fractions in blood serum of untrained persons. Physically inactive persons had higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol in regard to the investigated sportsmen. At the same time, sportsmen showed a higher HDL content of serum. Physical exertion in sportsmen led to a significant rise of triglycerides and highdensity lipoproteins content of serum, and the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins did not changed + ++ significantly. Physical exertion of submaximal intensity in both studied groups caused a significant increase of Na , Ca and ++ + - Mg ion concentration, while concentration of K and Cl ions did not changed significantly. Numerous clinical studies showed that moderate aerobe exercise amplifies endothelial function and reduces cardiovascular risk

Visual acuity in the patients who suffered from end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) treatment is essential prerequisite of good life quality. PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment at the patients on HD. METHOD: 71 patients on HD were assessed with this study. The main outcomes were best corrected visual acuity and primary cause of visual impairment. RESULTS: statistical significance obtained for the followed refraction errors: 42 % of patients had hyperopia (p<0.000; 95% CI 0.36-0.48) and 15% of them myopia (p=0.030; 95% CI 0.11-0.19) as well as low vision (amblyopia) at 6% (p=0.024; 95%CI 0.03-0.09). CONCLUSION: it's necessarily to provide regular monitoring of all patients on HD. Prevalence of refractive errors and visual impairment is more often among patients on HD then on general population

There are many forms of physical energy which, during such a short period of time, had rich history and which found wide application in the science of medicine, as was the case with the ultrasound in the last fifty years or so. The ultrasound got its affirmation rather soon, as valuable biologically harmless method used for detecting and explaining various pathological conditions in the science of medicine, and therefore in otorhinolaryngology as well. In the following study, the technique of the ultrasound examination of paranasal sinuses is described in details, standard echogramic patterns are
represented, and means of their interpretation are explained as well, regarding the fact that it is not standard. Special focus is
on the literature review whereby the valorization of the ultrasonography in relation to acute and chronic diseases of the maxillary sinuses is performed. In that sense, over 30 extracts by the authors from all parts of the world are represented. The
insight into the results of the latter reports, as well as the author own experiences, lead to the conclusion that the A-mode
ultrasonography represents an impartial method applicable in diagnostics of the maxillary sinus diseases. It is practical and
economical for it is performed quickly and in a rather simple manner. It is an invasive and painless method, comfortable for
the patient. Main advantage in relation to other radiological methods lies in the avoidance of the patient and medical doctor's
exposure to X-rays, therefore the ultrasonography method is a matter of choice for diagnosis of primarily maxillary sinus
acute diseases with children and pregnant women. Due to extraordinary sensitivity in the evaluation of the sinus secret, with
acute diseases it represents valuable, impartial supplementary method. On the other hand, due to weaker peculiarity, with
chronic diseases ultrasonography only represents a selective method

Work construe problems in children's protenuria.It is about physiology, pathological and insulated protenuria, also observation of examination stages of children with protenuria. It is about glomerul filtration and ultrafiltration barrier. Histochemical aspect show us that membrane is between palmately extensions and electromicroscopically aspect which indicate on subendotel part of basic membrane. About tubular absorption and removing of albumin from primary ultrafiltrate. Work is about proximal tubul and mechanism for reabsorption and transport of protein and peptid. Pathological protenuria is segmented on glomerul,tubul,hiper-production/overflow,and histuria. Work contains protenuria in different forms, transitiv, ortostatic and persistence. There are prepositions of three phases in examinations of protenuria

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is largely attributable to infections with gram-negative bacteria and is characterised by both gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Beside macrophages, the second most common cells of the gingival inflammatory infiltrat are mast cells. Mast cells are heterogenous cell population which live from six months to one year. These cells are activated by differnt immunologic and non-immunologic signals. Activated mast cells can secrete a range of substances that regulate angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing, which include both degradation and synthesis of tissue components. Apart from that, mast cells have an important role in phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation to T-cells. It is confirmed that gingival mast cells can express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. This indicates that mast cells are likely to play an important role in inflammation and tissue degradation in periodontal diseases.